1 Push Yourself

SOLUTIONS

1. (a) 33 4. (a) 170 litres

Explanation: The smallest two-digit prime Explanation: Maximum capacity of the
number is 11. measuring container = HCF(850, 680)
Add the smallest odd prime number is 3. 850 = 2 × 5 × 5 × 17
Therefore, LCM(11, 3) = 33 680 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 17
Hence, the LCM of the smallest two-digit prime \ HCF(850, 680) = 2 × 5 × 17
number and the smallest odd prime number is
= 170
33.
Thus, the maximum capacity of a container
2. (d) 10:12 A.M. that can measure the petrol of either tanker is
Explanation: To 昀椀nd the time after which all 170 litres.
the three bulbs will 昀氀ash again, we need to 昀椀nd
the LCM of 80, 90 and 110. 5. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
80 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 Explanation: We know that, 2 is a prime
90 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 number because there are only two factors of
110 = 2 × 5 × 11 2, i.e., 1 and the number itself.
Therefore, LCM of 80, 90 and 110 Now, let us take an irrational number 2 5 .
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 11 On squaring, we get
= 7920 sec
= 132 min (2 5 )2 = 4 × 5 = 20
= 2 h 12 min But, 20 is not a prime number.
Given, the bulbs 昀氀ash together at 8:00 A.M.
6. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
Þ 8:00 A.M. + 2 h 12 min = 10:12 A.M. and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Hence, all the three bulbs will 昀氀ash again at assertion (A).
10:12 A.M.
Explanation: We know that,
3. (a) irrational HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b
2 Þ LCM × 6 = 18144
Explanation: Let rational number be and
5 18144
LCM =
irrational number be 3. 6
Product of rational and irrational number = 3024
2
= × 3 7. (A) Minimum number of books = LCM(32, 36)
5
32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
2 3
= 36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
5
LCM (32, 36) = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
2 3 = 288
is an irrational number.
5 Thus, the minimum number of books to
Thus, product of non zero rational and be equally distributed among students of
irrational number is irrational. section A or section B is 288.

Real Numbers 1

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 (B) Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM 342 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 19
Put two numbers as 32 and 36 and their 396 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11
LCM as 288. [Using (A)] HCF(342, 396) = 2 × 3 × 3
Now, 32 × 36 = HCF × 288
= 18
32 × 36 Therefore, the number of pieces he should put
HCF =
288 in each box so that number of boxes are least
36 is 18.
= =4
9 11. Milk in container 1 = 398 l
(C) Given, p = ab2 and q = a2b Milk in container 2 = 436 l
Now, ab2 =a×b×b Milk taken out from container 1
a2b =a×a×b = (398 – 7) = 391 l
2 2
LCM(ab , a b) =a×a×b×b Milk taken out from container 2
= a2 × b2 = (436 – 11) = 425 l
= a2b2
To 昀椀nd the maximum capacity of drum, we
Thus, LCM(p, q) = a2b2 need to 昀椀nd the HCF of 391 and 425.
8. Given, the HCF of two smallest pair of 4-digit 391 = 17 × 23
number is 101. 425 = 5 × 5 × 17
Then, let the two numbers be 101p and 101q HCF(391, 425) = 17
where p > q, also p and q are co-prime to each
other. Thus, the maximum capacity of the drum used,
is 17 l.
According to the question,
101p – 101q = 303
12. Let's assume that 3 + 2 5 is rational.
101(p – q) = 303
p–q =3 If 3 + 2 5 is rational that means it can be
p =q+3 a
Now, the smallest 4-digit number that is written in the form of where a and b are
b
divided by 101 is 1010, also satisfying the
integers that have no common factor other
condition of p = 10 and then q = 13.
than 1 and b ≠ 0.
So, the other number is 1313.
a
Thus, the smallest pair of 4-digit numbers are 3+2 5 =
1010 and 1313. b

9. Given, Soham and Baani took 12 and 18 b(3 + 2 5 ) = a

minutes to drive one round of the 昀椀eld.
3b + 2 5b = a
Also, they started at the same time, from same
point and in the same direction. 2 5b = a – 3b
To 昀椀nd the time after they met again, we need
( a − 3b )
to 昀椀nd the LCM of 12 and 18. 5 =
2b
12 = 2 × 2 × 3
18 = 2 × 3 × 3 ( a − 3b )
Since is a rational number, then 5 is
LCM(12, 18) = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 2b
= 36 also a rational number.
Thus, after 36 minutes Soham and Baani met But, we know that 5 is irrational.
again at the starting point.
Therefore, our assumption was wrong that
10. Here, we should 昀椀nd highest common factor, 3 + 2 5 is rational.
this gives more pieces so if pieces are more in
each box then required boxes will be less. Hence, 3 + 2 5 is irrational.

2 One Shot Mathematics (Basic) Class X

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 2 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
1. (a) x2 – x – 12 2k + 12 = 4k – 2
Explanation: Let a and b be the roots of the 14 = 2k
quadratic equation. 14
k= =7
Sum of the zeroes, 2
a + b = –3 + 4
4. (b) 1
Þ a+b =1
Explanation: Let a and b be the zeroes of the
Product of the zeroes,
polynomial.
ab = –12
Given, polynomial is x2 + mx – 2
Substitute these values in the standard
quadratic equation x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0, we −coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes, a+b =
get coefficient of x 2
2
Þ x – x – 12 = 0 −m
Þ –1 =
Hence, the quadratic equation is x2 – x – 12 = 0. 1
2. (b) (x – 8) Þ m =1
Explanation: Given, the graph of a polynomial
5. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
p(x) passes through the points (–5, 0), (0, –40),
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
(8, 0) and (5, –30). assertion (A).
We know that, the numbers of zeroes is the Explanation: We know that, the number of
number of times the graph of the polynomial zeroes of polynomial f(x) is the number of
touches the x-axis and the x-coordinate of
points at which f(x) cuts or intersects the x-axis.
those points gives us the value of zero.
From the graph, we can see the number of
That means the y-coordinate of these points zeroes is 4, as f(x) cuts or intersects the x-axis
will be 0. at 4 places.
Now, according to the question (–5, 0) and
(8, 0) will be the zeroes. 6. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Explanation: The irrational roots or zeroes of
That means p(x) = (x + 5)(x – 8), thus (x – 8) is a
a quadratic polynomial always occurs in pairs.
factor of p(x).
Therefore, when one zero is (5 + 3 ) then other
3. (b) 7
Explanation: We have, zero will be (5 − 3 ) of a quadratic polynomial.
p(x) = x2 – (k + 6)x + 2(2k – 1)
k +6 7. (A) From the 昀椀gure, we can see that the poses
a+b =
1 are in the shape of a parabola.
4k − 2 (B) Number of zeroes is equal to number of
ab =
1 times parabola intersects the x-axis.
\ Number of zeroes = 2
1
Q a+b = ab (given)
2 (C) 4 3x2 + 5x − 2 3 = 0
1 Solving by splitting the middle term
k+6 = (4k – 2)
2 4 3x2 + 8 x − 3x − 2 3 = 0

Polynomials 3

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 4 x ( 3 x + 2) − 3( 3 x + 2) = 0 2k + 3
=
3
( 4 x − 3 )( 3 x + 2) = 0
2k + 3
4a2 =
\ Zeroes of the quadratic polynomial are 3
3 −2 2
and .  1 2k + 3
4 3 4  =
 3 3
8. Given, zero of the quadratic polynomial, 2k + 3
4
a = 3 + 2 and let the another zero be b. =
9 3
Sum of roots, a + b = 6
4 = 6k + 9
Þ 3+ 2 +β = 6
−5
k=
Þ b = 3− 2 6
11. Given, truth and lie are the zeroes of the
Now, the two roots are 3 + 2 and 3 − 2
polynomial px2 + qx + r, (p ¹ 0) and zeroes are
Therefore, the quadratic polynomial, the reciprocal to each other.
p(x) = ( x − 3 + 2 )( x − 3 − 2 ) 1
That means, truth =
2
lie
= x − 3x + 2x − 3x + 9 − 3 2 − 2x + 3 2 − 2
or truth × lie = 1 ...(i)
p(x) = x2 – 6x + 7 constant term
Now, product of zeroes =
9. Given, the zeroes of the polynomial are a and coefficient of x 2
2 r
. 1= [using (i)]
a p
We know that, Thus, p =r
c
Product of zeroes = 12. Let the given polynomial be p(x) = 4x2 – 4x – 8
a
To 昀椀nd the zeroes, take p(x) = 0
2
α× = 2a Now, on factorising the equation, we get
α
4x2 – 4x – 8 = 0
a=
2 4(x2 – x – 2) = 0
2 x2 – 2x + x – 2 = 0
Þ a =1 x(x – 2) + 1(x – 2) = 0
(x – 2)(x + 1) = 0
10. Let a and b be the zeroes of the polynomial.
x = 2, x = –1
Then according to question, b = 4a
Veri昀椀cation:
Now, sum of zeroes = a + b
So, the roots of 4x2 – 4x – 8 are –1 and 2.
= a + 4a
Sum of zeroes = 2 + (–1) = 1
 5
= −−  −b −( −4 )
 3 and =
a 4
5
Þ 5a = Product of zeroes = 2 × (–1)
3
= –2
1 c −8
Þ a= and =
3 a 4
And product of zeroes = ab = –2
= a × 4a Hence, veri昀椀ed

4 One Shot Mathematics (Basic) Class X

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 3
SOLUTIONS
1. (b) 2x + 5y = –11 and 4x + 10y = –22 (d) x – 4y – 15 = 0; 5x – y – 13 = 0
Explanation: Given, the solution to a pair of x – 4y = 15
linear equations is x = 2 and y = –3. LHS: x – 4y = 2 – 4(–3)
We have to 昀椀nd the pair of linear equations. = 2 + 12
If x = 2 and y = –3 is a unique solution of any
= 14
pair of equations, then these values must
satisfy that pair of equations. RHS = 15
From the given options, LHS ¹ RHS
(a) x + y = –1 : 2x – 3y = –5 5x – y = 13
LHS: x + y = 2 – 3 = –1 LHS: 5x – y = 5(2) – (–3)
RHS = –1 = 10 + 3
LHS = RHS = 13
LHS: 2x – 3y = 2(2) – 3(–3) RHS = 13
= 4 + 9 = 13 LHS = RHS
RHS = –5 Therefore, option (d) is false.
LHS ¹ RHS
Therefore, option (a) is false. 2. (b) 40
(b) 2x + 5y = –11; 4x + 10y = –22 Explanation: Let number of correct answers
LHS: 2x + 5y = 2(2) + 5(–3) be x and number of incorrect answers be y.
= 4 – 15 According to the question,
= –11 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1
RHS = –11 mark for each wrong answer total 40.
LHS = RHS \ 3x – y = 40 ...(i)
LHS: 4x + 10y = 4(2) + 10(–3) and 4 marks been awarded for each correct
= 8 – 30 answer and 2 marks were deducted for each
wrong answer.
= –22
\ 4x – 2y = 40
RHS = –22
Þ 2x – y = 20 ...(ii)
LHS = RHS
By subtracting eqn. (i) from eqn. (ii), we get
Therefore, option (b) is true.
–x = –20
(c) 2x – y =1; 3x + 2y = 0
Þ x = 20
LHS: 2x – y = 2(2) – (–3)
=4+3 By putting x = 20 in eqn. (i)
=7 3(20) – y = 40
RHS = 1 Þ 60 – y = 40
LHS ¹ RHS Þ y = 20
LHS: 3x + 2y = 3(2) + 2(–3) So, total number of questions
=6–6 = x + y = 20 + 20 = 40
=0 3. (c) x – y + 3 = 0; 2x – y – 1 = 0
RHS = 0 Explanation: Let the numerator and
LHS = RHS denominator of the fraction be x and y
Therefore, option (c) is false. respectively.

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables 5

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 The sum of the numerator and denominator 7. (A) Given, that the 昀椀xed charges are ` x and
of the fraction is 3 less than twice the running charges are ` y.
denominator. Thus, we have From situation 1, for a journey of 10 km,
x + y = 2y – 3 the charge paid is ` 75, we get
Þ x + y – 2y + 3 = 0 x + 10y = 75 ...(i)
Þ x–y+3=0 ...(i) And for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid
If the numerator and denominator are is ` 110
decreased by 1, the numerator becomes half x + 15y = 110 ...(ii)
the denominator. Thus, we have (B) On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
x = 5 and y = 7
x–1= (y – 1)
If a person travels 50 km, then
Total charges
Þ = = Fixed charges + Running charges × 50
= x + 50y
Þ 2x – 2 = y – 1
= 5 + 50 × 7
Þ 2x – y – 1 = 0 ...(ii)
= 5 + 350
Thus, we get two linear equations,
= 355
x – y + 3 = 0 and 2x – y – 1 = 0
(C) Let the 昀椀xed charges be ` p and running
4. (d) intersecting at (b, a) charges be ` q.
Explanation: For a journey of 8 km, the charge paid is ` 91
p + 8q = 91 ...(i)
For a journey of 14 km, the charge paid is ` 145
p + 14q = 145 ...(ii)
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
p = 19 and q = 9
Thus, 昀椀xed charges = ` p = ` 19
Running charges = ` q = ` 9
Now, we have to 昀椀nd what will a person
From the graph, we can see that the pair of have to pay for travelling a distance of 30 km
equations x = b and y = a graphically represent
If a person travels 30 km
lines which are intersecting at (b, a).
Total charges
5. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true = Fixed charges + Running charges × 30
but reason (R) is not the correct explanation
= p + 30q
of assertion (A).
Explanation: If the two lines are coincident, = 19 + 30 × 9
then the system of linear equations is said to = 19 + 270
be consistent and has in昀椀nitely many solutions = 289
while if the lines are parallel, then the system
of linear equations is said to be inconsistent 8. Given pair of equations are,
and has no solution. 2x + y – 1 = 0

6. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true 4x + 3y + 5 = 0

and reason (R) is the correct explanation of 5x + 4y + 8 = 0
assertion (A). In order to solve this question, 昀椀rstly, we 昀椀nd
Explanation: The pair of linear equations are,
the point of intersection of any 2 lines and then
3x + 5y = 12 or 3x + 5y – 12 = 0 and 5x + 3y =
check whether it satis昀椀es the 3rd equation or
4 or 5x + 3y – 4 = 0
where, a1 = 3, b1 = 5, c1 = –12 not. If it does, we say that the 3 lines intersect
a2 = 5, b2 = 3, c2 = –4 at a common point.
2x + y – 1 = 0 ...(i)
for unique solution, ¹
4x + 3y + 5 = 0 ...(ii)
On multiplying (i) with 3, we get
Here, ¹
6x + 3y – 3 = 0 ...(iii)

6 One Shot Mathematics (Basic) Class X

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 On subtracting equation (iii) from equation (ii), Lines intersect at (1, 3).
we get \ x = 1, y = 3
Þ –2x + 8 = 0
Therefore, the price of one pencil = ` 1 and
Þ 2x = 8 price of one chocolate = ` 3
Þ x=4
Substituting x in eq. (i), we get 11. We know that for a triangle,
2×4+y–1=0 x + y + 40° = 180°
Þ 8+y–1=0 [Angle sum property]
Þ y = –7
x + y = 140° …(i)
Hence, (4, –7) is the point of intersection of the
equations (i) and (ii) and, x – y = 50° …(ii) [Given]
5x + 4y + 8 = 0 ...(iv) On adding eq. (i) and (ii), we get
Checking whether (4, –7) satis昀椀es equation (iv), 2x = 190°
5 × 4 + 4 × (–7) + 8 x = 95°
Þ 20 – 28 + 8 = 0 Substitute this value of x in equation (i) we get
Since, it satis昀椀es eq. (iv), we can say that they
95° + y = 140°
have a common point of intersection at point
(4, –7). y = 140° – 95°
Hence, the three lines represented by the y = 45°
equations: 2x + y – 1 = 0, 4x + 3y + 5 = 0, Therefore, x = 95° and y = 45°.
5x + 4y + 8 = 0, intersect at the common point
(4, –7). 12. Let the speed of the train be x km/h and speed
of the bus be y km/h.
9. Let the age of the father and the son be x and
y respectively. In case I:
x + y = 40 ...(i) If a man travels 120 km by train, then
According to the question, Distance covered by bus is (600 – 120)km
x = 3y or x – 3y = 0 ...(ii) = 480 km
On subtracting eq. (ii) from eq. (i), we get
4y = 40 Time taken to cover 120 km by train = h
Þ y = 10
On putting this value in eq. (i), we get
x + 10 = 40
Þ x = 30 Time taken to cover 480 km by bus = h
Hence, father's age = 30 years
son's age = 10 years Total time of journey is 8 hours. [given]
10. Let the price of one pencil be ` x and the price =8
of one chocolate be ` y.
According to the question,
2x + 3y = 11, x + 2y = 7 =8
Þ 2x = 11 – 3y Þ x = 7 – 2y

Þ x= =1 ...(i)
Þ

x 5.5 4 1 x 7 3 1 In case II:

y 0 1 3 y 0 2 3 If a man travels 200 km by train, then
Distance covered by bus is (600 – 200) km
= 400 km

Time taken to cover 200 km by train = h

Time taken to cover 400 km by bus = h

Total time of journey is 8 hours 20 min [given]

= 8 h 20 min

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables 7

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 = 30v =

30v =
= =

Þ v=
=

Putting v = in equation (iii)

=
15u + 60v = 1

=1
Þ =
...(ii)

=1
Putting = u and = v in eq. (i) and (ii), we

get 15u =
15u + 60v = 1 ...(iii)

u + 2v = ...(iv) 15u =

On multiplying equation (iv) by 15, we get

Þ u=
15u + 30v = ...(v)
Now, u= =
On subtracting equation (v) from (iii), we get
15u + 60v = 1 Þ x = 60 km/h

15u + 30v = and v= =

– – – y = 80 km/h
Þ
Hence, the speed of the train is 60 km/h and
30v =
speed of the bus is 80 km/h.

8 One Shot Mathematics (Basic) Class X

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 4 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS

1. (c) ( 2 x + 3 )2 + x 2 = 3 x 2 − 5 x \ It must satisfy the quadratic equation.

2
Explanation: From the options,  1  1 5
Þ   +k  − = 0
(a) 2(x – 1)2 = 4x2 – 2x + 1  2  2 4
2(x2 + 1 – 2x) = 4x2 – 2x + 1
2x2 + 2 – 4x = 4x2 – 2x + 1 1 k 5
Þ + − =0
4x – 2x2 – 2x + 4x + 1 – 2 = 0
2 4 2 4
2x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 1 + 2k − 5
Þ =0
The degree of the equation is 2. 4
Therefore, 2(x – 1)2 = 4x2 – 2x + 1 is a Þ 2k – 4 = 0
quadratic equation.
Þ k =2
(b) 2x – x2 = x2 + 5
2 2
x + x + 5 – 2x = 0 3. (c) 18, 12
2x2 – 2x + 5 = 0 Explanation: Let the larger number be x.
The degree of the equation is 2. Given, (smaller number)2 = 8(larger number)
Therefore, 2x – x2 = x2 + 5 is a quadratic = 8x
equation.
Þ smaller number = 8x
(c) ( 2 x + 3 )2 + x 2 = 3 x 2 − 5 x
According to the question,
2x + 3 + 2 6 x + x
2 2
= 3x2 – 5x x 2 − ( 8 x )2 = 180

3x2 − 3x2 + 2 6 x + 5x + 3 = 0 Þ x2 – 8x = 180

Þ (5 + 2 6 ) x + 3 = 0 Þ x2 – 8x – 180 = 0
2
Þ x – 18x + 10x – 180 = 0
The degree of the equation is 1.
Þ x(x – 18) + 10(x – 18) = 0
Therefore, ( 2 x + 3 )2 + x 2 = 3 x 2 − 5 x is not
Þ (x – 18)(x + 10) = 0
a quadratic equation.
\ x = 18, –10
(d) (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x3
Þ x = 18
Þ x4 + 4x2 + 4x3 = x4 + 3 + 4x3 (x ¹ –10, since number cannot be negative)
Þ 4x2 – 3 = 0 Thus, the larger number = 18
The degree of the equation is 2.
and smaller number = 8 × 18
Therefore, (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x3 is a
quadratic equation. = 144

2. (a) 2 = 12
1 4. (c) 7 years
Explanation: Given, is a root of the quadratic
2 Explanation: Let the present age of Aman be x.
5 Three years ago his age = (x – 3) years
equation x 2 + kx − =0
4 Five years later his age = (x + 5) years

Quadratic Equations 9

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 Now, according to the question, 400( x + 5) − 400( x )
=4
1 1 1 x ( x + 5)
+ =
x −3 x +5 3 Þ 4x2 + 20x – 2000 = 0
( x + 5) + ( x − 3) 1 Þ x2 + 5x – 500 = 0
Þ =
( x − 3)( x + 5) 3 (C) x2 + 5x – 500 = 0 [from (B)]
2
Þ x + 25x – 20x – 500 = 0
Þ 3(x + 5 + x – 3) = (x – 3)(x + 5)
Þ x(x + 25) – 20(x + 25) = 0
On solving the equation, we get
(x – 20) (x + 25) = 0
x2 – 4x – 21 = 0
2 Þ x = 20, –25
Þ x – 7x + 3x – 21 = 0
\ x = 20
Þ x(x – 7) + 3(x – 7) = 0
(x ¹ –25 because speed cannot be negative)
Þ (x – 7)(x + 3) = 0
Thus, speed of Raj's car is 20 km/hr.
\ x = 7, –3
Þ x=7 8. The given quadratic equation is
(x ¹ –3 because age cannot be negative) px 2 − 2 5px + 15 = 0
Thus, the present age of Aman is 7 years.
On comparing with the standard form of
5. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
a = p, b = −2 5p , c = 15
assertion (A).
Explanation: Now, D = b2 – 4ac
The given equation is 4x2 – 12x + 9 = 0
= ( −2 5p )2 – 4 × p × 15
D = b2 – 4ac
= (–12)2 – 4(4)(9) = 20p2 – 60p
= 144 – 144 = 0 = 20p(p – 3)
We know that, if the discriminant is zero, then For real and equal roots, D = 0
the roots of the quadratic equation are real Þ 20p(p – 3) = 0
and equal.
Þ p = 0, 3
Thus, the roots of the given equation are real
and equal. Þ p =3
(p ¹ 0, since the coefficient of x2 in quadratic
6. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. equation cannot be zero.)
Explanation: We have,
x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 – x)2 + 3 9. Given that –4 is a root of the quadratic
equation x2 + px – 4 = 0
Þ x2 + 2x + 1 = 16 + x2 – 8x + 3
Then (–4)2 + p(–4) – 4 = 0
Þ 10x – 18 = 0
⇒ 16 – 4p – 4 = 0
It is not of the form, ax2 + bx + c = 0
⇒ –4p = –12
7. (A) Speed of Raj's car = x km/h 12
⇒ p= =3
Speed of Ajay's car = (x + 5) km/h 4
\ Distance covered by Ajay's car in two Now, putting this value of ‘p’ in equation x2 + px
hours = 2(x + 5) km + k = 0, we get
= 2x + 10 km x2 + 3x + k = 0
(B) Speed of Raj's car = x km/h
As it is given that the quadratic equation has
Speed of Ajay's car = (x + 5) km/h equal roots.
400 Then, D =0
Time taken by Raj = h
x b2 – 4ac = 0
400 (3)2 – 4(1)(k) = 0
Time taken by Ajay = h
x +5 9 – 4k = 0
Time taken by Raj – Time taken by Ajay = 4 4k = 9
400 400 9
− =4 k=
x x +5 4

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 10. For a minute-hand, time needed to show 2 pm Þ y = 30 – 10
to 3 pm is 60 minutes.
Þ y = 20
According to the question, it has already
When x = 10
covered 't' minutes.
y = 30 – (2 × 10)
\ Time required by the minute hand to reach
to 12 (at 3 pm) = (60 – t) minutes. Þ y = 30 – 20
Þ y = 10
 t2 
\  − 3 = (60 – t) [given] Therefore, the dimensions of his garden will be
4  (5 m × 20 m) or (10 m × 10 m).

t2 12. Let the number of products sold in the 昀椀rst

Þ + t − 63 = 0
4 month be n and the price of earrings in the 昀椀rst
Þ 2
t + 4t – 252 = 0 month be p.
Þ t2 + 18t – 14t – 252 = 0 \ Number of products sold in the 昀椀rst month
Þ t(t + 18) – 14(t + 18) = 0 12000
n=
Þ (t + 18)(t – 14) = 0 p
\ t = – 18, 14 Now, price of earrings in the second month
Þ t = 14 = p – 20
(t ¹ –18 since the time cannot be negative) And, the number of products sold in the second
11. Let the length of one side be x metres and let 12000
month = + 40
the length of the other side by y metres. p
Here, one side is a compound wall and 30 m According to the question,
wire is used for fencing.
 12000 
Þ x + y + x = 30 ( p − 20 )  + 40 = 12000 + 2000
 p 
Þ y = 30 – 2x
Given, area of the rectangular garden = 100 m2 Þ (p – 20)(12000 + 40p) = 14000p
Þ xy = 100 Þ 40(p – 20)(300 + p) = 350 × 40p
2
Þ x(30 – 2x) = 100 Þ p + 300p – 6000 – 20p = 350p
Þ 2
30x – 2x = 100 Þ p2 + 300p – 20p – 350p – 6000 = 0
Þ –2(x2 – 15x) = 100 Þ p2 – 70p – 6000 = 0
2
Þ x2 – 15x + 50 = 0 Þ p – 120p + 50p – 6000 = 0
Þ p(p – 120) + 50(p – 120) = 0
Þ x2 – 10x – 5x + 50 = 0
Þ (p – 120)(p + 50) = 0
Þ x(x – 10) – 5(x – 10) = 0
\ p = 120, –50
Þ (x – 10)(x – 5) = 0
Þ p = 120
x = 5, 10
[Q the price cannot be negative]
When x =5 So, the price of the earrings in the second
y = 30 – (2 × 5) month = p – 20 = 120 – 20 = ` 100.

Quadratic Equations 11

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 5 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
7 The amount of money that will be collected in
1. (a) the fund before Jessie's admission is calculated
5
as:
Explanation: In an A.P. di昀昀erence between two ` 12,000 + 23(` 5500)
consecutive terms are equal.
= ` 12,000 + ` 126500
i.e. Second term – First term = Third term
= ` 138,500
– Second term
Therefore, the amount of money that will be
4 collected in the fund before Jessie's admissions
Three consecutive terms of A.P. , p, 2.
5 is ` 138,500 or `(12,000 + 23(5500))

4 3. (a) 11
where, 昀椀rst term = , second term = p and
5 Explanation: According to the question,
third term = 2 ` 5000, ` (5000 + 200), ` (5200 + 200) ...........
4 = ` 5000, ` 5200, ` 5400, ........ this forms and
p− =2–p A.P.
5
where, 昀椀rst term, a = 5000
4 Common di昀昀erence, d = 5200 – 5000
Þ 2p = 2 +
5
= 200
10 + 4 Let after n years it becomes ` 7000.
Þ 2p =
5 Þ an = ` 7000
14 \ an = a + (n – 1)d = 7000
Þ 2p =
5 Þ 7000 = 5000 + (n – 1)200
Þ 2000 = (n – 1)200
7
Þ p= 2000
5 Þ n–1=
200
2. (c) `[12000 + 23(5500)]
Þ n – 1 = 10
Explanation: Given, the total amount of money Þ n = 11
Jessie needs = ` 1,70,000
Thus, after 11 years his income will reach ` 7000.
Admission starts January 2021.
In January 2019, Jessie's mom started a
4. (c) ` 2525750
fund of ` 12,000 and every month after she Explanation: Given,
collected ` 5500 in Jessie's college fund. 1st donation by his wife = ` 125000
The number of months remaining is from 2nd donation by his brother = ` 54000
February 2019 – December 2020 3rd donation = ` 54000 + 5250 = ` 59250
February 2019 – January 2020 = 12 months 4th donation = ` 59250 + 5250 = ` 64500
February 2020 – December 2020 = 11 months and so on ..........
= 23 months The AP will be from 2nd donation, ` 54000,
She has been depositing ` 5500 for the ` 59250, ` 64500 ..............
23 months with an initial deposit of ` 12,000 Here, a = 54000, d = 5250, n = 22

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 Amount collected in 22 donations Þ 29200 – 5000 = 2200n – 2200
= Sum of 22 terms Þ 24200 + 2200 = 2200n
22 26400 = 2200n
=
Þ
[2 × 54000 + (22 − 1) × 5250]
2 264
Þ n=
= 11[108000 + 110250] 22
= 2400750 Þ n = 12
The amount Mr. Kapoor collects after 23 th
Therefore, in 12 year the production was
donations = 2400750 + 125000 29200 sets.
= ` 2525750 (B) n = 3, a = 5000, d = 2200
5. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. n
Sn = [2a + ( n − 1)d ]
Explanation: We have, 2
0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222 ..........
3
where, \ S3 = [2(5000 ) + (3 − 1)2200]
2
a1 = 0.2, a2 = 0.22, a3 = 0.222, a4 = 0.2222
a2 – a1 = 0.22 – 0.2 = 0.02 3
= (10000 + 2 × 2200 )
a3 – a2 = 0.222 – 0.22 = 0.002 2
a4 – a3 = 0.2222 – 0.222 = 0.0002 3
= (10000 + 4400 )
Þ a2 – a1 ¹ a3 – a2 ¹ a4 – a3. 2
The numbers do not form an A.P. = 3 × 7200
6. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true = 21600
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of \ The production during 昀椀rst 3 years is
assertion (A). 21600 sets.
Explanation: We have, (C) a4 = a + 3d
First term, a = 17 = 5000 + 3(2200)
Last term, l = 350 = 5000 + 6600
Number of terms, n = 38 = 11600
n a7 = a + 6d
We know that, Sn = [ a + l ]
2 = 5000 + 6 × 2200
= 5000 + 13200
38
= [17 + 350] = 18200
2
a7 – a4 = 18200 – 11600
= 19(367)
= 6600
= 6973
Thus, the di昀昀erence of production during
7. Given, a6 = 16000, a9 = 22600 7th year and 4th year is 6600 sets.
\ a + 5d = 16000 ...(i)
1 1 3
and a + 8d = 22600 ...(ii) 8. The given A.P. is 2m + , 2m − , 2m − , ........
m m m
On substituting a = 16000 – 5d, we get [from (i)]
The nth term of an A.P. is given by,
Þ 16000 – 5d + 8d = 22600
an = a + (n – 1)d
Þ 3d = 22600 – 16000
Þ 3d = 6600 Here, a = 2m +
1
m
6600
Þ d= = 2200
3 n=6
Þ a = 16000 – 5(2200)  1  1
d =  2m −  −  2m + 
[from (i)]  m  m
Þ a = 16000 – 11000
1 1
Þ a = 5000 = 2m − − 2m −
m m
(A) Now, an = 29200, a = 5000, d = 2200
an = a + (n – 1)d = −
2
\ 29200 = 5000 + (n – 1)2200 m

Arithmetic Progressions 13

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 1  2 5
a6 = 2m + + ( 6 − 1)  −  = [2a + 4d ]
m  m 2

1 10 7
= 2m + − S7 = [2a + (7 − 1)d ]
m m 2

7
= 2m −
9 = [2a + 6d ]
m 2
Given, S7 + S5 = 167
9. Given, the 4th term of an AP = –15
5 7
The 9th term of the AP = –30 \ [2a + 4d ] + [2a + 6d ] = 167
2 2
The nth term of the series in AP is given by
Þ 10a + 20d + 14a + 42d = 334
an = a + (n – 1)d
Þ 24a + 62d = 334 ...(i)
When, n = 4, a4 = a + (4 – 1)d
10
a + 3d = –15 ...(i) S10 = [2a + (10 − 1)d ]
2
When, n = 9, a9 = a + (9 – 1)d
= 5(2a + 9d)
a + 8d = –30 ...(ii)
Also, given, S10 = 235
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
Þ 5(2a + 9d) = 235
a + 8d – (a + 3d) = –30 – (–15)
Þ 2a + 9d = 47 ...(ii)
Þ a + 8d – a – 3d = –30 + 15 On multiplying equation (ii) by 12, we get
Þ 8d – 3d = –15 24a + 108d = 564 ...(iii)
Þ d = –3 On subtracting equation (iii) from (i), we get
On putting d = –3 in (i), we get –46d = –230
a + 3(–3) = –15 d=5
Þ a – 9 = –15 On substituting the value of d = 5 in equation (i),
Þ a = –15 + 9 we get
Þ a = –6 2a + 9(5) = 47
Þ 2a = 2
The sum of 昀椀rst n terms of an A.P. is given by,
\ a=1
n
Sn = [2a + ( n − 1)d ] Then A.P. is 1, 6, 11, 121, .........
2
11. Let the police catch the thief in n min.
17
S17 = [2( −6 ) + (17 − 1)( −3)] As the thief ran 1 min before the police,
2
Time taken by the thief before being caught
17
= [ −12 + (16 )( −3)] = (n + 1) min
2
Distance travelled by the thief in (n + 1) min

=
17
[ −12 − 48] = 100(n + 1) m
st
2 Speed of police in 1 min = 100 m/min
17 Speed of police in 2nd min = 110 m/min
= [ −60]
2 Speed of police in 3rd min = 120 m/min and
= 17(–30) so on
\ 100, 110, 120, .... this forms an AP
S17 = –510
Total distance travelled by the police in n min
Therefore, the sum of the 昀椀rst 17 terms is –510.
n
10. Let the 昀椀rst term be a and the common = [2 × 100 + ( n − 1)10]
2
di昀昀erence be d.
On catching the thief by police, distance
n travelled by thief = distance travelled by the
By using Sn = [2a + ( n − 1)d ]
2 police
5 n
S5 = [2a + (5 − 1)d ] Þ 100(n + 1) = [2 × 100 + ( n − 1)10]
2 2

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 n So, the arithmetic progression is,
Þ 100n + 100 = 100n + ( n − 1)10
2 a, a + x, a + 2x, a + 3x, ..........
According to the question,
Þ 100 = n(n – 1)5
a + 7x = 45 ...(i)
Þ n2 – n – 20 = 0
and a + 4x = 30 ...(ii)
Þ (n – 5)(n + 4) = 0
On solving eq. (i) and (ii), we get
Þ n – 5 = 0, n + 4 = 0
a = 10
Þ n = 5 or n = –4
On putting a = 10 in eq. (i), we get
(but n = – 4 is not possible)
x=5
So, n=5
Now, to 昀椀nd the acres of land he bought in the
Therefore, time taken by the policeman to
last year = a12 = a + 11x
catch the thief = 5 min
a12 = 10 + 11 × 5
12. Let Mr. Singh buys 'a' acres of land in the 昀椀rst = 10 + 55
year = 65
Then on second year buys 'a + x' acres of land Thus, he bought 65 acres of land in the last
and so on. year.

Arithmetic Progressions 15

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 6 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
1. (a) x = 58°, y = 128° PX PX
Explanation: Given, the two 昀椀gures are similar. Now, =
PQ PX + XQ
i.e., ABCD ~ PQRS.
ÐA = ÐP = 128° PY PY
Thus, y = 128° And =
PR PY + YR
and ÐD = ÐS = 58°
Thus, x = 58° 1 1
= = ...(i)
1+2 3
2. (c) BC.DE = AB.EF
Explanation: In DPQR and DPXY,
Given, DABC ~ DEDF ÐQPR = ÐXPY
A E
ÐX = ÐQ
(corresponding angles)
\ DPQR ~ DPXY
PX XY PY 1
B C D F Þ = = =
PQ QR PR 3
AB BC AC
Þ = = ...(i) [from (i)]
DE FD EF
From options, Þ
XY
=
1
(a) BC.EF = AC.FD QR 3
BC AC
Þ = 1
FD EF Þ XY = QR
3
Thus, it is true.
(b) AB.EF = AC.DE AO BO
AB AC 4. (d) DAOB ~ DDOC because = and
Þ = DO CO
DE EF
ÐAOB = ÐDOC.
Thus, it is true. Explanation: In DAOB and DDOC,
(c) BC.DE = AB.EF O O
BC AB
Þ =
EF DE 1.6 cm 4.8 cm 0.8 cm 2.4 cm
Thus, it is not true.
(d) BC.DE = AB.FD 70° 70°
A B D C
BC AB
Þ = ÐAOB = ÐDOC
FD DE [Vertically opposite angle]
Thus, it is true. AO BO
and =
DO CO
1
3. (b) XY = QR
1.6 4.8 2
3 Þ = =
0.8 2.4 1
PX PY 1
Explanation: Given, = = \ DAOB ~ DDOC
XQ YR 2
[by SAS similarity criterion]

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 5. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true DABM ~ DCDM
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
[by AA similarity criterion]
assertion (A).
AB BM
Explanation: We have, \ =
CD DM
PQ = 1.28 cm, PR = 2.56 cm
AB 2.5
PE = 0.18 cm, PF = 0.36 cm Þ =
1.8 1.5
Now, EQ = PQ – PE
2.5 × 1.8
= 1.28 – 0.18 = 1.1 cm Þ AB = =3m
1.5
and FR = PR – PF
(B) Since, DABM ~ DCDM
= 2.56 – 0.36 = 2.2 cm
\ ÐA = ÐC = 30°
PE 0.18 18 9 \ ÐMCD = 30°
Now, = = =
EQ 1.1 110 55 [ Corresponding angles of similar
triangles are also equal]
PF 0.36 36 9
and, = = = (C) Since, DABM ~ DCDM
FR 2.2 220 55
AB BM
\ =
PE PF CD MD
\ =
EQ FR
AB 24
Þ =
Therefore, EF || QR [By the converse of Basic 6 8
Proportionality Theorem]
Þ AB = 18 cm
Hence, both assertion and reason are true
8. A D
and reason is the correct explanation of the E
assertion.
F
6. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
B C
assertion (A).
A B In DABE and DCFB,
Explanation: P
ÐA = ÐC
[opposite angles of parallelogram]
ÐAEB = ÐFBC [ alternate angles]
Þ DABE ~ DCFB
E
[by AA similarity criterion]
Q
Hence, proved.
From the 昀椀gure,
9. In DBEP and DCPD,
PR = PQ = radius = 6 cm
ÐBPE = ÐCPD
Now, in DPAE and DPBQ
[vertically opposite angles]
ÐPAE = ÐPBQ = 90°
ÐBEP = ÐCDP = 90°
ÐP = ÐP (common)
Þ DBEP ~ DCDP
\ DPAE ~ DPBQ
[by AA similarity criterion]
[by AA similarity criterion]
Therefore, their corresponding sides are
PA PE proportional.
Þ =
PB PQ
BP EP
=
3 PE PC PD
Þ =
4 6 Þ PD × BP = PC × EP
3 × 6 18 Hence, proved.
Þ PE = = = 4.5
4 4 10. In DOPQ, we have
AB || PQ
7. (A) Since, ÐB = ÐD = 90°, ÐAMB = ÐCMD Therefore, by using basic proportionality
[Angle of incidence = Angle of re昀氀ection] theorem, we have

Triangles 17

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 OA OB On putting, EB = EA in eq. (ii), we get
= ...(i)
AP BQ EA AD
=
EA BC
In DOPR, we have
AC || PR AD
Þ =1
BC
Therefore, by using basic proportionality
Þ AD = BC
theorem, we have
Hence, proved.
OC OA ...(ii)
=
CR AP 12. In DPQR and DSTR,
ÐPRQ = ÐSRT [common]
Comparing (i) and (ii), we get
ÐPQR = ÐSTR
OB OC [corresponding angles as ST || PQ]
=
BQ CR Þ DPQR ~ DSTR
[by AA similarity criterion]
Therefore, by using converse of basic
1
proportionality theorem, we get Now, area of DPQR = × b × (H + h ) sq. units
2
BC || QR
1
and area of DSTR = × a × H sq. units
11. In DEDC and DEBA, 2
Ð1 = Ð2 [alternate angles] Then, area of trapezium PQTS
Ð3 = Ð4 [alternate angles] 1 1
= b(H + h ) − aH
ÐCED = ÐAEB 2 2
[vertically opposite angles] 1 1
= ( b − a )H + bh ...(i)
\ DEDC = DEBA 2 2
[by AAA criterion of similarity] H+ h b
Now, = [ DPQR ~ DSTR]
ED EC H a
=
EB EA Þ aH + aH = bh
ED EB ah
Þ = ...(i) Þ H=
EC EA b−a

DAED ~ DBEC (Given) On putting the value of H in eq. (i), we get

EA AD 1  ah  1
ED
= = ...(ii) Area of trapezium = (b − a) + bh
 b − a  2
\ 2
EC EB BC

From (i) and (ii), we get 1 1

= ah + bh
EB EA 2 2
=
EA EB 1
= ( a + b )h sq. units
2 2
Þ (EB) = (EA) 2
Þ EB = EA Hence, proved.

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 7 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
1. (b) 5 units 3−8
=
Explanation: Let P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) be 3
two points in the coordinate plane. Then the
−5
distance between P and Q is given by the =
3
formula:
( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 1×5+2×3
D= and y=
1+2
where, x1 = 5cos 35°, y1 = 0, x2 = 0,
5+6
y2 = 5 sin 35° =
3
D= ( 0 − 5 cos 35° )2 + (5 sin 35° − 0 )2 11
=
3
D= 25 cos2 35° + 25 sin2 35°
 −5 11
25(cos2 35° + sin2 35° ) Thus, the coordinates of A are  ,  .
D=  3 3

D = 5 cos2 35° + sin2 55° 3. (b) (0, –7)

Explanation: Let the required point on y-axis
D= 5 1 [ sin2q + cos2q = 1] be P(0, y).
\ D = 5 units The given points are A(–5, 2) and B(9, –2).
According to the question,
 5 11
2. (b)  − 3 , 3  AP = BP

Þ ( 0 + 5) + ( y − 2)2 =
2
( 0 − 9)2 + ( y + 2)2
Explanation: Let the radius of inner circle be r1
and radius of outer circle be r2. Þ 25 + y2 + 4 – 4y = 81 + y2 + 4 + 4y
≠r12 Þ –4y – 4y = 81 + 4 – 4 – 25
1
Then, = Þ –8y = 56
≠r22 9
Þ y = –7
r12 1 Hence, The required point is (0, –7)
Þ =
r22 9
4. (d) a = 20, b = 2
Explanation: Given, points A(9, a), B(b, –4) and
r1 1
Þ = C(7, 8) formed a triangle
r2 3
Coordinates of centroid, G = (6, 8)
1 2 A(9, a)
O(–4, 3) A(x, y) B(3 ,5)
The point A(x, y) divides OB in the ratio 1 : 2.
By section formula, we get
G
1 × 3 + 2 × ( −4 )
x=
1+2 B(b,–4) C(7, 8)

Coordinate Geometry 19

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 By centroid formula, mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1
y +y +y Then, x = and y = ...(i)
x + x + x3 m+n m+n
x= 1 2 ,y= 1 2 3
3 3
Here, x1 = 7, y1 = –6, x2 = 3, y2 = 4, m = 1 and
9+ b +7 a + ( −4 ) + 8 n=2
\ 6= ,8=
3 3 1(3) + 2(7)
\ x =
Þ 18 = 16 + b, 24 = a + 4 1+2
Þ b = 2, a = 20
or a = 20, b = 2 3 + 14 17
Þ x = =
3 3
5. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of 1( 4 ) + 2( −6 )
And y =
assertion (A). 1+2
Explanation: We know that, the coordinates of 4 − 12 8
the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment Þ y = =−
3 3
joining the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the
 m1 x2 + m2 x1 m1y2 + m2 y1   17 8 
, So, the required point (x, y) =  , −  lies in
ratio m1 : m2 is    3 3
 m1 + m2 m1 + m2 
IVth quadrant.
Here, x1 = –5, y1 = 11, x2 = 4, y2 = –7, m1 = 7,
m2 = 2 7. (A) From the graph, the coordinates of green
ball is (7, 1) and of nearest pocket, P4 is (9, 3).
m1 x2 + m2 x1
Now, x-coordinate = By distance formula, we get
m1 + m2
Distance = ( 9 − 7)2 + (3 − 1)2
7 × 4 + 2 × −5
=
7+2 = (2)2 + (2)2
28 − 10 18
= = =2 = 8 = 2 2 units
9 9
(B) From the graph, the coordinates of white
m1y2 + m2 y1
and y-coordinate = ball is (–3, –2) and of green ball is (7, 1).
m1 + m2
By midpoint formula, we get
7 × ( −7) + 2 × 11  −3 + 7 −2 + 1
= (x, y) =  ,
7+2  2 2 
−49 + 22 −27
= = = –3  4 −1
9 9 =  , 
2 2 
Therefore, required point is (2, –3).
 −1
6. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. =  2, 2 
 
Explanation: Distance between two points
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given as, Thus, the coordinate of yellow ball is
d = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2  −1
 2, 2  .
Here, (x1, y1) = (4, p) and (x2, y2) = (1, 0)
And d =5 (C) Let the coordinates of the point where the
On putting the values, we get ball struck the rail is (C, 3) and the
Þ 52 = (1 – 4)2 + (0 – p)2 coordinates of P2(other end point) is (2, –4).
Þ 25 = (–3)2 + (–p)2 Given, the ratio of the distance between
Þ 25 – 9 = p2 the rail and point X and the distance
Þ 16 = p2 between point X and the pocket is 3 : 4.
Þ p = 4, –4 By section formula, we get
Now, 2   4 × C + 3 × 2 4 × 3 + 3 × ( −4 ) 
Let (x, y) be the point that divides the line  7 , 0 =  , 
4+3 4+3
segment in ratio m : n.

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 2 4 ×C +3×2 Let the coordinates of Q be (x1, y1). Then, by
\ =
7 4+3 section formula,
 1 × 14 + 2 × 8 1 × 11 + 2 × 8 
Þ 14 = 7(4C + 6) (x1, y1) =  , 
 1+2 1+2
Þ C = –1
Thus, the point at which the ball struck the  14 + 16 11 + 16 
=  ,
rail is (–1, 3).  3 3 

8. In point P(k, 7); x = k, y = 7 = (10, 9)

In point A(8, 9); x1 = 8, y1 = 9 From the diagram, we can see that the pole R
In point B(1, 2); x2 = 1, y2 = 2 divides the line segment in the ratio 2 : 1.
Let ratio be m : n. Now, let the coordinates of R be (x2, y2). Then,
by section formula.
By section formula,
 2 × 14 + 1 × 8 2 × 11 + 1 × 8 
( mx2 + nx1 ) (x2, y2) =  , 
x=k=  2 +1 2 +1
( m + n)
 28 + 8 22 + 8 
=  , = (12, 10)
( m × 1 + n × 8)  3 3 
Þ k= ( m + n)
Hence, the coordinates of poles are Q(10, 9)
and R(12, 10).
( m + 8n )
= ...(i)
( m + n) 10. Given, that on a coordinate grid, the location
of a bank is (–4, 8) and the location of a post
( my2 + ny1 )
y=7= office is (2, 0)
( m + n)
Also, the scale used is 1 unit = 50 m
Let us 昀椀rst plot the points in coordinate system
( m ´ 2 + n ´ 9) (2m + 9n )
Þ 7= = ...(ii) and let the position of bank is A(–4, 8) and the
( m + n) ( m + n)
position of post office is B(2, 0).
On simplifying eq. (ii) 7m + 7n = 2m + 9n Y
A(–4,8)
Þ 5m = 2n
m 2
Þ =
n 5
X' X
5m B(2,0)
i.e., n=
2
On putting values in eq. (i), we get
 8 × 5m  Y'
 m + 2 
k= From the 昀椀gure it is clear that the shortest
 5m  distance between bank and post office is
 m + 2 
AB = (2 + 4 )2 + ( 0 − 8 )2 units
( m + 20m ) Þ AB = 36 + 64 units
Þ k=
 7m  = 100 units
 2 
Þ AB = 10 units
2 Now the scale used is 1 unit = 50 m
Þ k = 21m × Hence, the shortest distance between bank
7m
and post office
2
Þ k = 21 × = (10 × 50) m
7 = 500 m
Þ k=6
11. Since, AB is diameter of the circle, C is the
Hence, m : n = 2 : 5 and k = 6 midpoint of AB
9. From the diagram, we can see that the pole Q Point C(–2, 5) Þ x = –2, y = 5
divides the lines segment in the ratio 1 : 2. Point A(3, –7) Þ x1 = 3, y1 = –7

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 Let the coordinates of point B be (x2, y2) Let the third vertex of the equilateral triangle
be C(x, y).
The vertices of the triangle will be A(–4, 3),
A(3, –7) B(x 2, y 2) B(4, 3) and C(x, y).
C(–2, 5) We know that in an equilateral triangle
AB = BC = AC

Let ratio be m : n = 1 : 1 (as C is the midpoint Þ AB2 = BC2 = AC2

of AB) Taking the 昀椀rst two parts, we get
By section formula,
AB2 = BC2
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2 
P(x, y) =  , Þ (4 + 4) + (3 – 3)2 = (x – 4)2 + (y – 3)2
2

 2 2 
Þ 82 + 02 = x2 + 16 – 8x + y2 + 9 – 6y
 3 + x2 −7 + y2  Þ 64 = x2 – 8x + y2 – 6y + 25
\ C(–2, 5) =  , 
 2 2  Þ x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y – 39 = 0 ...(i)

3 + x2 −7 + y2 Taking the 昀椀rst and third parts, we get

\ –2 = ,5=
2 2 AB2 = AC2
Þ x2 = –7, y2 = 17 Þ (4 + 4)2 + (3 – 3)2 = (x + 4)2 + (y – 3)2
So, point B is (–7, 17). Þ 82 + 02 = x2 + 16 + 8x + y2 + 9 – 6y
To find radius, we will use distance formula
Þ x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y – 39 = 0 ...(ii)
to find AC.
Subtracting eqn. (i) from eqn. (ii), we get
AC = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2
Þ (x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y – 39) – (x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y – 39)
Now, the length of radius,
=0
AC = (3 + 2)2 + ( −7 − 5)2
Þ 16x = 0

= 52 + ( -12)2 Þ x =0
Putting the value of x in eq. (i), we get
= 25 + 144
Þ 0 + y2 – 8(0) – 6y – 39 = 0
= 169
Þ y2 – 6y – 39 = 0 ...(iii)
AC = 13 units
Hence, coordinates of point B is (– 7, 17) and its Using quadratic formula,
radius is 13 units.
− ( −6) ± ( −6)2 − 4(1) ( −39)
y =
12. 2(1)
Y
6 ± 36 + 156
=
2

6 ± 192 6 ± 8 3
Þ y= = = 3±4 3
2 2

X' X Þ y = 3 + 4 3 or y = 3 − 4 3
It is given that origin lies in the interior of
the triangle and the x-coordinate of the third
vertex is zero.
So, the value of y should be negative.
Y' \ Third vertex, C (x, y) = (0, 3 − 4 3 )

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 8 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS

1. (a) sec q = tan2q

cot q sec2 q 1
=
Explanation: cot 2 q
cosec q
1
cos θ 1 =
× 2
sin θ cos2 θ 1  7
= =  8 
1 cos θ
sin θ
2
= sec q  8
=  
 7
c
2. (b)
b = 64
49
Explanation: Given, the lines AB and PQ are
parallel to each other.
5. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Þ ÐOPQ = ÐOAB = q
Explanation: For assertion part:
\ In DOAB,
Let A = 30° and B = 60°
AB base
cos q = = L.H.S. = sin (A + B)
OA hypotenuse
= sin (30° + 60°)
c = sin 90°
=
b =1
R.H.S. = sin A + sin B
3. (c) 1
= sin 30° + sin 60°
Explanation: Given, cos 9a = sin a
Þ cos 9a = cos(90 – a) =
1
+
3
Þ 9a = 90 – a 2 2
Þ 10a = 90
(1 + 3 )
Þ a = 9° =
2
\ tan 5a = tan 5(9)
= tan 45° \ sin (A + B) ≠ sin A + sin B.
=1 We know that, for any value of q,
1 + tan2 q = sec2 q.
64 Hence, assertion is false but reason is true.
4. (b)
49
6. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(1 + cos θ )(1 − cos θ )
Explanation: Explanation: In DABC,
(1 − sin θ )(1 + sin θ ) A
(1 − cos2 θ )
=
(1 − sin2 θ )
[ (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2]
sin q
2
= [ sin2q + cos2q = 1] q
cos2 q B C

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 4 Now, cosec (2A + B) = cosec 60°
tan q =
3 2
cosec (2A + B) =
AB 4 3
Þ =
BC 3
Þ AB = 4k, BC = 3k 9. (A) False
By Pythagoras theorem, sin q
Explanation: We know that, tan q =
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 cos q
AC2 = (4k)2 + (3k)2 Here, tan q is directly proportional to sin q.
= 16k2 + 9k2 = 25k2 In the given interval (0° < q < 90°) as the value
of sin q increases, the value of cos q decreases
AC = 5k
and hence the value of tan q increases.
AB 4
sin q = = Thus, the statement is false.
AC 5
(B) False
BC 3
cos q = = 1
AC 5 Explanation: We know that, cosec q =
sin q
4 3 Here, cosectant of function is inversely
+
sin θ + cos θ
Now, = 5 5 proportional to sine of function.
sin θ − cos θ 4 3 So, when the value of sin q is maximum, the
−
5 5 value of cosec q will be minimum.
Thus, the statement is false.
7 5
= × =7
5 1 sin θ − cos θ sin θ + cos θ
10. L.H.S. = +
sin θ + cos θ sin θ − cos θ
7. We have, AB = BC = 6 2 m and AC = 12 m
(sin θ − cos θ )2 + (sin θ + cos θ )2
(A)  D is mid point of AC. =
(sin θ + cos θ )(sin θ − cos θ )
\ AD = DC = 6 m
In DABD, sin2 θ + cos2 θ − 2 sin θ cos θ + sin2 θ
AB2 = BD2 + AD2
+ cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ
[ DABD is a right-angled triangle] =
sin2 θ − cos2 θ
Þ BD 2
= (6 2 ) − 6 = 72 – 36 = 36
2 2
1+1
=
Þ BD = 6 m ...(i) sin2 θ − (1 − sin2 θ )
(B) In DABD,
2
=
BD 6 1 2 2
sin θ − 1 + sin2 θ
2
sin A = = = [Using (i)] θ n θ)
AB 6 2 2
2
Þ sin A = sin 45° = = R.H.S.
2
Þ ÐA = 45° 2 sin θ − 1
(C) In DBDC, Hence, proved.

tan C =
BD 6
= [Using (i)] 11. L.H.S. = (sin q + cos q + 1) (sin q + cos q – 1) .
DC 6 sec q cosec q
Þ tan C = 1 = tan 45° = [(sin q + cos q)2 – (1)2] . sec q cosec q
Þ ÐC = 45° [Q (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
8. Given, cos (A + 2B) = 0 = [sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q – 1] sec q cosec q
A + 2B = 90° [ cos90° = 0] ...(i) = [1 + 2 sin q cos q – 1] sec q cosec q
3 [Q sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
and cos (B – A) = 1 1
2 = (2 sin q cos q) ×
cos q sin q
 3
B – A = 30° Qcos30° =  ...(ii)  1 
 2  Q sec θ = 
 cos θ
On subtracting eq. (ii) from (i), we get  1 
 cosec θ = 
(A + 2B) – (B – A) = 90° – 30°  sin θ 
A + 2B – B + A = 60° = 2 = R.H.S.
Þ 2A + B = 60° ...(iii) Hence, proved.

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 cos4 x − sin4 x cot x +1
12. LHS = RHS =
1 − tan x sec x cosec x

(cos2 x − sin2 x )(cos2 x + sin2 x ) cos x

= +1
1 − tan x = sin x
sec x cosec x
cos2 x − sin2 x cos x + sin x
= [ cos2x + sin2x = 1]
sin x sin x
1− =
cos x sec x cosec x

cos x (cos2 x − sin2 x ) cos x + sin x

= =
cos x − sin x sec x
= cosx(cosx + sinx) ...(ii)
cos x (cos x + sin x )(cos x − sin x )
= From (i) and (ii), we get
cos x − sin x
LHS = RHS
= cos x(cos x + sin x) ...(i) Hence, proved.

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 9 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS

1. (a) ÐARC 50
Þ x =
Explanation: From the 昀椀gure, we can see that 3 −1
the observer is standing at position R.
Given, that the line of sight is AR. =
50
×
3 +1
Angle of elevation is the angle formed between 3 −1 3 +1
the horizontal line and the line of sight.
So, the angle of elevation is ÐARC. = 25( 3 + 1) m

Þ h = 25( 3 + 1) m
2. (b) 25( 3 + 1) m
Explanation: Let AB be the height of the Hence, height of the building is 25( 3 + 1) m.
building.
C and D be the positions of two cars. 3. (d) 415.68 km/h
Given, the distance CD is 50 m, ÐACB = 45° Explanation: An aeroplane is 昀氀ying 1 km
and ÐADB = 30° above the ground making an angle of elevation
A of aeroplane 60°. After 10 seconds, angle of
elevation is changed to 30°. Let CE = x, BC = y,
ÐAEB = 30°, ÐDEC = 60°, AB = 1 km and CD =
1 km.

h A D

45° 30°
B x C 50 m D 1 km 1 km
In DACB,
AB h 30°60°
tan 45° = =
BC x B y C x E
h In DDCE,
1=
x 1
tan 60° =
Þ h=x ...(i) x
AB AB h 1
tan 30° = = = Þ 3 =
BD BC + CD x + 50 x
1 h 1
Þ = [From (i)] Þ x =
3 x + 50 3
1 Again in DABE,
x
Þ = 1
3 x + 50 tan 30° =
x+y
Þ x + 50 = x 3
1 1
Þ =
Þ x( 3 − 1) = 50 3 x+y

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 Þ x+y= 3 Þ 1.73x – x = 40
40
1
+y = Þ x= = 54.79
Þ 3 0.73
3
AB = 40 + 54.79
⇒ y= 3−
1 = 94.79 m
3 Hence, height of the tower is 94.79 m.

2 5. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

⇒ y=
3 Explanation: Let PQ be the pole and QR be its
shadow.
10 P
Time, t = 10 seconds = hours
60 × 60

Distance
\ Speed of the aeroplane =
Time

y q
=
t R Q
2 According to the question,
= 3 PQ = QR
10 PQ PQ
60 × 60 tan q = =
QR PQ
= 415.70 km/h
tan q = 1
Hence, the speed of aeroplane is 415.68 km/h.
tan q = tan 45°
4. (a) 94.79 m q = 45°
Explanation: Let AB be a tower, CD = 40 m, We know that, (hypotenuse)2 = (base)2 +
BC = x m, ÐACB = 60° and ÐADB = 45°. (altitude)2 by Pythagoras theorem.
A So, assertion is false, but reason is true.

6. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true

and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
Explanation: Let AB be the height of kite from
the ground and AC be the string.
A
60° 45°
B xm C 40 m D
In DABC, 10 m
AB
tan 60° = 30°
BC
C B
AB
Þ 3 = In DABC,
x
AB
sin q =
Þ 3x = AB ...(i) AC
In DADB, 10
AB AB sin 30° =
tan 45° = = AC
BD x + 40
1 10
AB ⇒ =
Þ 1 = 2 AC
x + 40
⇒ AC = 20 m
Þ x + 40 = AB ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get P
And sin q = , which is used in 昀椀nding the
H
3x = x + 40 length of the string.

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 7. (A) B CM
Þ 1=
PM
Þ CM = PM …(i)
675 m And in DCMO,
CM
tan 60° =
MO
30°
CM
P Q Þ 3 =
MO
In DBQP
BQ CM = MO 3 …(ii)
tan 30° = Now, PM + MO = 1365 [given]
PQ

1 675 Þ MO 3 + MO = 1365 [From (i) & (ii)]

=
3 PQ Þ MO( 3 + 1) = 1365

Þ PQ = 675 3 m Þ MO =
1365
Thus, the horizontal distance PQ is 3 +1
675 3 m. 1365 3 −1
= × m
(B) A 3 +1 3 −1

1365 × ( 3 − 1)
=
30° 2
X B
50 3 m
= 682.5 ( 3 − 1) m
740 m Hence, the plane's horizontal distance from
Sarthak, MO is 682.5 ( 3 − 1) m.
Anuja D C Sarthak 8. Let C represents the position of the man on the
In DAXB, deck of the ship, A represents the top of hill and
D its base.
AX
tan 30° = A
XB
1 AX
=
3 50 3
Þ AX = 50 m
Altitude of plane = AX + XD = 50 m + 740 m
(Q XD = BC)
= 790 m 60°
C B
Hence, the altitude of plane A, is 790 m. 30°
(C) C 10 m
30°
W D
Water level

Now in right-angled D CWD,

10
tan 30° =
45° 90° 60° WD
P M O
10
Anuja Sarthak Þ WD =
1365 m tan 30ϒ

In DCMP, Þ WD =
10
= 10 3 m
CM 1
tan 45° =
PM 3

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 Also, in right-angled DABC, we have, h
\ BP =
AB AB 3
tan 60° = or
BC WD
64.96
=
[ BC = WD] 3
AB
Þ 3 = = 37.5 m
10 3 Hence, the position of the point is 37.5 m from
Þ AB = 10 3 × 3 = 30 m the 昀椀rst pillar.

Now, AD = AB + BD = 30 m + 10 m 10. Let B be the building and A be the location of

昀椀re.
= 40 m
P and Q are 2 昀椀re stations 20 km apart.
Hence, the distance of the hill from the ship is Let the height of A be h km and PB be x km
10 3 m and the height of the hill is 40 m. then, BQ = (20 – x) km
Also, ÐAPB = 60° and ÐAQB = 45°
9. Let AB and CD be the two towers of equal height A
h m. Let P be a point in the roadway BD such
that BD = 150 m, ÐAPB = 60° and ÐCPD = 30°

60° 45°
P B Q
x
20 km
In DABP, Þ In DABP,
AB
= tan 60° tan 60° =
AB
BP PB
h h
BP = = Þ 3 =
h
tan 60° 3 x
In DCDP, \ h= x 3 ...(i)
CD
= tan 30° Þ In DABQ,
PD
AB
CD tan 45° =
BQ
Þ PD =
tan 30°
h
Þ 1=
=
h 20 − x
1
Þ h = 20 – x ...(ii)
3
Þ x 3 = 20 – x [From (i)]
= 3h m
Þ x 3 + x = 20
Now, 150 = BP + PD
h Þ x( 3 + 1) = 20
Þ 150 = 3h+
3 20 20( 3 − 1)
Þ x= =
150 150 3 +1 ( 3 + 1)( 3 − 1)
Þ h= =
1 2.309
3+ 20( 3 − 1)
3 =
3 −1
= 64.96 m
20
Hence, height of the pillars is 64.96 m. Þ x= ( 3 − 1)
2
The position of the point is BP from the 昀椀rst
pillar. = 10( 3 − 1)

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 Þ x = 10(1.732 – 1) BD
Þ AD = ...(ii)
= 10 × 0.732 = 7.32 km 3
Þ PB = 7.32 km
From (i) and (ii), we get
and BQ = (20 – 7.32) km
= 12.68 km BD
3 CD =
Since, PB < BQ 3
Hence, P station should send its team to travel
Þ 3( 3CD ) = BD
7.32 km.
Þ 3CD = BD
11. Let the man be standing at the position A and Þ 3CD = BC + CD
tower height be AD. Þ 3CD – CD = BC
Given that man sees car 昀椀rst at an angle of Þ 2CD = BC
depression of 30°.
BC
So, ÐPAB = 30° Þ CD =
2
After 6 seconds, the man sees car at an angle
of depression of 60°. Given that, time taken to cover BC = 6 seconds
So, ÐPAC = 60° BC 6
Time taken to cover = seconds = 3 seconds
P A 2 2
60° \ Time taken to cover CD = 3 seconds
30°
Hence, it takes 3 seconds to reach to the foot
of the tower.

12. (A) Given, PB = 5 m and PR = 1.3 m

60° RB = PB – PR
30°
= (5 – 1.3) m
B C D
Now, tower is vertical. = 3.7 m
So, ÐADB = 90° (B) In right DRBL
Also, lines PA and BD are parallel. RB
tan 45° =
And AB is the transversal BL
ÐABD = ÐPAB (Alternate Angles)
RB
So, ÐABD = 30° Þ 1 =
BL
Lines PA and BD are parallel and AC is the
transversal Þ RB = BL = 3.7 m
\ ÐACD = ÐPAC (Alternate Angles) Hence, the distance between the foot of the
So, ÐACD = 60° pole and the foot of the ladder, BL = 3.7 m
In right-angled D ACD (C) In DRBL
Side opposite to angle C RB
tan C = sin 45° =
Side adjacent to angle C RL

AD 1 3.7
tan 60° = Þ =
CD 2 RL

Þ 3 CD = AD Þ RL = 3.7 × 2
Þ AD = 3 CD ...(i) = 3.7 × 1.41
= 5.217 m
In right-angled D ABD
Now, in DRBL
Side opposite to angle B
tan B = ÐRBL + ÐBLR + ÐLRB = 180°
Side adjacent to angle B [angle sum property of triangle]
AD Ð90° + 45° + ÐLRB = 180°
tan 30° = ÐLRB = 180° – 135°
BD
= 45°
1 AD Hence, length of ladder is 5.217 m and
Þ =
3 BD ÐLRB = 45°.

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 10 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
1. (b) Both the points lie on one of the tangents. Similarly,
Explanation: Using the given conditions, let us PM = MN = 3 cm
draw the 昀椀gure Þ LM = KM = 5 cm
Þ ÐMLK = ÐMKL = 50°
In DLKM,
ÐMLK + ÐMKL + ÐLMK = 180°
Þ 50° + 50° + ÐLMK = 180°
Þ ÐLMK = 180° – 100°
= 80°

4. (c) 8 cm
Explanation: Join OB.
From the options, A
(a) The 3 tangents are not equal in length. x
4.8cm 6cm
Since, the lines are not drawn from the single y
P O
external point. R
(b) From the 昀椀gure we can see both the points 4.8cm 6cm
lie on one of the tangents.
B
(c) The circle and tangents does not have two
Let PA = x cm and PR = y cm
common points in total.
Since, OP is perpendicular bisector of AB
(d) The situation is possible, hence this is false.
9.6
\ AR = BR = = 4.8 cm
2. (a) 120° 2
Explanation: The radius of the circle through
In right DOAR,
the point of contact is perpendicular to the
OA2 = OR2 + AR2
tangent.
Þ OR2 = 62 – (4.8)2
\ OA ^ AP and OB ^ BP = 36 – 23.04
\ ÐPAO = ÐPBO = 90° = 12.96
Now, in quadrilateral OAPB, Þ OR = 3.6 cm
ÐOAP + ÐAPB + ÐPBO + ÐAOB = 360° In right DARP,
Þ 90° + 60° + 90° + ÐAOB = 360° PA2 = AR2 + RP2 ...(i)
Þ ÐAOB + 240° = 360° Now, in right DOAP,
2 2
OP2 = AP + OA
Þ ÐAOB = 120° 2 = (AR2 + RP2) + OA2
(RP + OR)
3. (c) 80° [using (i)]
2 2 2 2
Explanation: Given, QL = 2 cm, KL = 6 cm and (y + 3.6) = (4.8) + y + 6
y2 + 12.96 + 7.2y = 23.04 + y2 + 36
1
PM = KL. 7.2y = 46.08
2
y = 6.4
1 Þ PR = 6.4 cm
Þ PM = × 6 = 3 cm On putting the value of PR and AR in eq. (i),
2
we get
Now, QL = LN = 2 cm PA2 = (4.8)2 + (6.4)2
[ the lengths of tangents drawn from an = 23.04 + 40.96 = 64
external point are equal] Þ PA = 8 cm

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 5. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true Here, PT is the tangent, of length 48 cm,
but reason (R) is not the correct explanation OT is the radius of 14 cm.
of assertion (A). In DOTP,
Explanation: OP2 = OT2 + PT2
= (14)2 + (48)2
= 196 + 2304 = 2500
Þ OP = 50 cm

8. Given, NQ is the tangent to the circle.

The line that touches the circle at exactly one The angle subtended by arc NP at the
point is called tangent and the circle can have at centre is double the angle subtended at the
most 2 parallel tangents, one at a point on it and circumference.
the other at a point diametrically opposite to it. Thus, ÐNOP = 2 × 25° = 50°
And, ÐONQ = 90°
6. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
[ radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of point of contact]
assertion (A).
In DONQ,
Explanation: Let O be the centre of the cirlce
ÐONQ + ÐNOQ + ÐOQN= 180°
and the external point be P.
[Sum of angles of a triangle]
A
90° + 50° + ÐOQN = 180°
[ ÐNOP = ÐNOQ]
P ÐOQN = 180° – 140°
O
= 40°
B 9. Given, PA is a tangent from an external point P
PA = PB and ÐPOB = 115°
Now, ÐAOP + ÐPOB = 180°
[ lengths of tangents drawn from an external
[Linear pair]
point is equal]
Þ ÐAOP + 115° = 180°
Þ ÐAOP = 180° – 115°
7. (A) On considering both the chain wheels as Þ ÐAOP = 65°
circles, we can see from the 昀椀gure that Now, ÐOAP = 90°
there are two tangents which is in the form [Line drawn through the
of chains touching both the circles at only centre to point of contact]
one single point. Now in DAPO,
(B) Þ ÐOAP + ÐAOP + ÐAPO = 180°
Þ 90° + 65° + ÐAPO = 180°
14cm 42cm Þ ÐAPO = 180° – 155°
Þ ÐAPO = 25°

10. R
P
Given, the diameter of smaller wheel = 14 cm

14 O• E X
\ Radius of smaller wheel, r = = 7 cm
2
Q
The diameter of larger wheel = 42 cm S
Clearly ÐORX = 90°
42 Applying Pythagoras theorem in DORX, we
\ Radius of larger wheel, R = = 21 cm
2 have
(OX)2 = (RX)2 + (RO)2
So, the distance between the centres = r + R
⇒ (13)2 = (RX)2 + (5)2
= 7 + 21 = 28 cm
⇒ 169 – 25 = (RX)2
(C) T ⇒ RX2 = 144
48cm
14cm ⇒ RX = 12 cm
P RP = PE = y(let)
O
[Q lengths of tangents drawn from
an external point are equal]

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 XP = RX – RP SW = SU – UW
XP = (12 – y) cm = 20 – x
Now, in DPEX  Lengths of tangents drawn from an external
(PX)2 = (PE)2 + (EX)2 point to a circle are equal.
(12 – y)2 = (y)2 + (13 – 5)2 \ SW = SY
144 + y2 – 24y = y2 + 64 Þ (20 – x) = 10 5 − (10 − x )
24y = 80
Þ 20 – x = 10 5 − 10 + x
10
PE = y = cm Þ x = (15 − 5 5 ) cm
3
Thus, the radius of the circle is (15 − 5 5 ) cm.
10
Similarly,QE = cm
3 12. Given, PQ is tangent and PB is diameter.
PQ = PE + EQ ÐABP = 35°, ÐAPB = ÐPQO = y
In DABP,
10 10 ÐPAB = 90°
PQ = +
3 3 [ Angle in a semicircle is a right angle.]
ÐABP + ÐPAB + ÐAPB = 180°
20
PQ = cm [Sum of all angles in a triangle is 180°.]
3
35° + 90° + ÐAPB = 180°
11. Let the radius of the circle be x cm.
125° + ÐAPB = 180°
Now, since NVUW is a square.
ÐAPB = 180° – 125° = 55°
Therefore, WU = UV = x cm [radii]
ÐAPB = 55°
In right DSUT,
Þ y = 55°
(ST)2 = (SU)2 + (UT)2
In DPOQ,
(ST)2 = (SR + UR)2 + (UT)2
ÐPQO = y = 55°
= (10 + 10)2 + (10)2
ÐOPQ = 90°
[ side length of square is 10 cm]
[ the tangent at any point of a circle is
= 400 + 100 = 500
perpendicular to the radius through
Þ ST = 10 5 cm the point of contact.]
Now, length of VT = TU – UV = 10 – x ÐPOQ + ÐOPQ + ÐPQO = 180°
And, YT = VT x + 90° + 55° = 180°
[ lengths of tangents drawn from an external x + 145° = 180°
point to a circle are equal] x = 180° – 145°
SY = ST – YT x = 35°
Hence, the values of x and y are 35° and 55°
= 10 5 − (10 − x )
  respectively.

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 11 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
1. (a) 14.875 cm2 The angle of sector = 90°
1 πr 2
Explanation: Area of trapezium = (a + b) × h Area of sector = ×θ
2 360°
where, a, b are the length of parallel sides and
h is the distance between them. π × 8 × 8 × 90°
=
1 360°
[AD + BC] × AB = 24.5
2 = 16p sq. units
1 4. (d) 21 cm
[10 + 4] × AB = 24.5
2 Explanation: Let r be the radius and the arc
24.5 subtending an angle of 60° at the centre of the
Þ AB = = 3.5 cm
7 circle.
1 2 \ Length of arc = length of piece of wire
And, area of quadrant = ≠r
4 θ
Þ × 2πr = 22
1 22 360°
= × × 3.5 × 3.5
4 7 60° 22
Þ ×2× × r = 22
[ radius, r = AB = 3.5 cm] 360° 7
= 9.625 cm2 22 × 7 × 6
Area of shaded region = Area of trapezium Þ r =
2 × 22
– Area of quadrant of the circle
= 24.5 – 9.625 Þ r = 21 cm
= 14.875 cm2
5. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
2. (c) arc length PQ and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Explanation: Given, ROST is a unit square assertion (A).
Þ TS = TR = RO = OS = 1 unit Explanation: Perimeter of the circle = 2pr
Now, in DTRO,
OT2 = TR2 + RO2 = 12 + 12 = 2 And, Area of the circle = pr2

2 units So, 2pr = pr2

Þ OT =
Þ r = 2 units
πr 2
Area of sector, POQ = ×θ
360° 6. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
1 Explanation: Here, the sector AOB is of angle
= r × length of an arc
2 30° of circle with centre O.
Thus, from the options we can see that arc
length PQ was sufficient to find the area of
sector POQ.
O
3. (b) 16p sq. units
Explanation: We are given a unit square grid. 4cm 30° 4cm
From the 昀椀gure, radius = 8 boxes of grid
= 8 × 1 = 8 units A B

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 OA = OB = 4 cm = 6 × Radius
θ =6×7
Area of sector = × πr 2
360° = 42 cm
A B
30°
= × 3.14 × 4 × 4
360°
12.56
=
3
= 4.19 cm2

7. (A) Let centre of circle be O.

Join OA, OB and OC D C
A
Now,
Area of square = (Side)2
32 cm = (42)2
O
= 1764 cm2
32 cm
(C) Circular design is a circle with radius 7 cm
32 cm Area of circular design
B C
= p(7)2
22
Now, OA = OB = OC = ×7×7
= Radius of circle = 32 cm 7
In DOBC = 22 × 7
Draw OM ^ BC = 154 cm2
O
Area of remaining portion
32 cm 32 cm = Area of square
120°
– Area of 9 circle
B C = Area of square
M
By symmetry, – 9 × Area of 1 circle
1 = 1764 – 9 × 154
BM = CM = BC = 1764 – 1386
2
= 378 cm2
1
ÐBOM = ∠COM = × 120° = 60°
2 8. Given, a calf is tied with a rope of length 6m
In right triangle DOMB at the corner of a square grassy lawn of side
20m.
Side opposite to angle O
sin O = So, radius of quadrant PQD (r) = length of rope
Hypotenuse
=6m
BM
sin 60° = πr 2θ
OB Area of sector PQD =
360°
3 BM 90°
= = 3.14 × (6 )2 ×
2 32 360°
3 = 0.785 × 36 = 28.26 m2
× 32 = MB
2
Now, if the length of the rope is increased by 5.5 m
BM = 16 3 So, total length of the rope (R) = 6 + 5.5 = 11.5 m
Thus, BC = 2 × BM πR 2θ
Area of sector RSD =
= 2 × 16 3 cm 360°
= 32 3 cm 90ϒ
= 3.14 × (11.5)2 ×
(B) Here, 360ϒ
Side of square = 3 × Diameter of circle = 0.785 × 132.25
= 3 × 2 × Radius of circle = 103.81625 m2

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 Increased area = Area of sector RSD = 22 × 5 × 35
– Area of sector PQD = 3850 m2
= 103.81625 – 28.26 Cost of ploughing 1 m2 of the 昀椀eld = Rs. 0.50
= 75.55625 m2 So, the total cost of ploughing the 昀椀eld
= 75.56 m2 = 3850 × 0.50 = `1925
Hence, the increase in area of the grassy lawn 80
is 75.56 m2.
11. The radius of car's wheel = = 40 cm
2
9. Given, radius, OL = 6 cm (as D = 80 cm)
Join O with M and N. So, the circumference of wheel = 2pr
Construct MO = ON = 6 cm [radius] = 80p cm
Now, in one revolution,
M N
the distance covered = circumference of the
wheel = 80p cm
It is given that the distance covered by the car
in 1 hr = 66 km
K O L
On converting km into cm, we get
Now, ÐMON = 90°
Distance covered by the car in 1 hr
[ the diameter of a semicircle forms a right
= (66 × 105) cm
angle with the circumference]
In 10 minutes the distance covered will be
θ
Area of sector MON = × πr 2 (66 × 105 × 10 )
360° = = 1100000 cm
60
90
= × π × 62 \ Distance covered by car = 11 × 105 cm
360°
Now, the no. of revolutions of the wheels
= 9p cm2 Distance covered by the car
=
1 Circumference of the wheels
Area of DMON = × 6 × 6 = 18 cm2
2
11 × 105 11 × 105 × 7
= = = 4375
Area of shaded region = Area of sector MON 80π 80 × 22
– Area of DMON
12. Given, that ABC is an equilateral triangle of
= 9p – 18 side 12 cm
= 9(p – 2) cm2 Construction: Join O and A, O and B, O and C.
A
Total cost
10. Length of the fence (in metres) =
Rate
cm

12

5280
= = 220 R Q
cm
12

24
r Or
So, the circumference of the 昀椀eld = 220 m
If r metres is the radius of the 昀椀eld, then
r
2pr = 220
 22  B P C
2 ×   × r = 220
 7 12 cm
P, Q, R are the points on BC, CA and AB
(220 × 7)
r= respectively then,
(2 × 22)
OP ^ BC
Þ r = 35 m OQ ^ AC
Hence, the radius of the 昀椀eld = 35 m OR ^ AB
Area of the 昀椀eld = pr2
Assume the radius of the circle as r cm.
 22 
=   × 35 × 35 Area of DAOB + Area of the DBOC + Area of
 7
DAOC = Area of DABC

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 1  1  1  Hence, the radius of the inscribed circle is
Þ  2 × AB × OR  +  2 × BC × OP +  2 × AC × OQ 3.46 cm.
     
Area of the shaded region = Area of DABC –
3
= × (side)2 Area of the inscribed circle
4
 3 
1  1  1  =  × (12)2 − π(2 3 )2 
Þ  2 × 12 × r  +  2 × 12 × r  +  2 × 12 × r   4 

3  
= × (side)2 = 36 3 − 12π 
4

1 3 = [36 × 1.73 – 12 × 3.14]

Þ 3× × 12 × r = × 12 × 12
2 4 = [62.28 – 37.68]
Þ r= 2 3 = 24.6 cm2
= 2 × 1.73 = 3.46 \ The area of the shaded region is 24.6 cm2.

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 12 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
1. (a) 1 : 2 : 3 3. (c) `924
Explanation: Let the radius of the hemisphere Explanation: Radius of the hemispherical ends
be r. = radius of the cylinder = 14 cm
1 2 Total surface area of solid = Curved surface
Volume of the cone V1 = pr h
3 area of the cylinder + Curved surface area of
1 2 2 hemispheres
V1 = pr (r) [ h = r]
3 = 2prh + 2×2pr2
= 2p(14)(77) + 2×2p(14)2
1
= pr 3 = 6776 + 2464
3
Now, volume of the hemisphere, = 9240 cm2
2 3 Rate of polishing = ` 0.1 cm2
V2 = pr \ Cost of polishing = 9240 × 0.1
3
And, volume of the cylinder, = ` 924
V3 = pr2h = pr2 × r = pr3 4. (d) 126.62 cm 3
[ h = r] Explanation: Given, height of the cylinder,
1 2 H = 10 cm
\ V1 : V2 : V3 = pr 3 : pr 3 : pr3
3 3 Height of the cone, h = 6 cm
=1:2:3 Common diameter = 3.5 cm
Hence, the ratio of their volumes is 1 : 2 : 3. 3.5
Common radius, r= = 1.75 cm
2. (a) 5 cm 2
Explanation: Given, radius of a cylindrical tank Volume of the solid = Volume of the cone
= 10.5 cm + Volume of the cylinder + Volume of the
Length of the tank, (l) = 15 cm hemisphere
Breadth of the tank, (b) = 11 cm  1 2 2  2 3
And, height of the tank, (h) = 10.5 cm =   πr h + πr H +   πr
 3  3
Let H be the depth of the cylindrical tank.
According to the question, 
2  h  2r  
Capacity (volume) of cylindrical tank = πr   + H +   
  3   3  
= capacity (volume) cuboidal tank
pr2H = l × b × h  6  (2 × 1.75) 
= 3.14 × 1.752 ×   + 10 + 
22  3  3 
× (10.5)2 × H = 15 × 11 × 10.5
7
= 3.14 × 3.0625 × (2 + 10 + 1.167)
(15 × 11 × 10.5 × 7) = 3.14 × 3.0625 × 13.167
H=
(22 × 10.5 × 10.5) = 9.61625 × 13.167
= 126.617 cm3
15
H= = 126.62 cm3
(2 × 1.5)
Hence, the volume of the solid is 126.62 cm3.
15 5. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
H= cm = 5 cm
3 and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Hence, the depth of the cylindrical tank is 5 cm. assertion (A).

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 Explanation: When cubes are joined end to Now, lateral surface area of two pillars
end it will form a cuboid. = 2 × curved surface area
where, length, l = 2 × 10 = 20 = 2 × 2prh
breadth, b = 10 cm 22
= 2×2× × 1.4 × 7
height, h = 10 cm 7
Then, the total surface area of the resulting = 123.2 m2
cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl) (C) Volume of two hemispheres
= 2(20 × 10 + 10 × 10 + 10 × 20) Radius = r = 1 m
= 2(200 + 100 + 200) Volume = 2 × volume of hemisphere
= 2 × 500 2 2
= 2 × πr 3 = 2 × × π × 13
= 1000 cm 2 3 3
4
6. (b) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. = ≠
3
Explanation: Lateral surface area of a cylinder
= 2prh Volume of 1 Sphere
Total surface area of a cylinder = 2prh + 2pr2 Radius = r = 2 m
Volume of the earth dug out = pr2h Volume = Volume of Sphere
= 2pr (r + h) 4 3 4
Now, diameter = 1.6 m = ≠r = × π × 23
3 3
= 160 cm
160 4
radius (r) = = 80 cm = π ×8
2 3

Height (h) = 20 cm (given) Thus,

Then, the ratio of lateral surface to the total 4
π 1
surface area of cylinder Required ratio = 3 =
4 8
SL 2πrh π ×8
= 3
ST 2πr ( r + h )
\ The required ratio is 1 : 8.
h
= 2
h+r 8. Height of cone = × height of cylinder
3
20 20
= = 2
20 + 80 100 = × 3r
3
SL 1
= = = 2r
ST 5
1 2 2
Volume of cone = πr (2r ) = πr 3
\ The ratio is 1:5. 3 3
Since, volume of cone = 5l = 5000 cm3
7. (A) Domes are hemisphere of radius 2.5 m
\ r = 2.5 m 2 3
pr = 5000
Cloth material to cover 3
= surface area of hemisphere
5000 × 3 7500
of both the domes Þ r3 = =
\ Required cloth material 2π π
= 2 × surface area of hemisphere Volume of cylinder = pr2(3r)
= 2 × 2pr2
= 3pr3
22
= 2×2× × (2.5)2 7500
7 = 3π ×
π
= 78.57 m2
= 22500 cm3
(B) Given,
= 22.5 litres
Height of cylinder = 7 m
\ Amount of water needed to 昀椀ll the container
Radius of base = 1.4 m completely = 22.5 + 5 = 27.5 litres.

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 9. 1 diameter of the hollow hemisphere = 35 cm = 2(15 × 10 + 10 × 5 + 5 × 15)
Radius of the hollow hemisphere = 2(150 + 50 + 75)
35 = 2 × 275 = 550 cm2
= = 17.5 cm Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2prh
2
 22   7 
Total height of the vessel = 40 cm = 2×   ×   ×5
 7   2
Height of the hollow cylinder
= 22 × 5 = 110 cm2
= 40 – 17.5 = 22.5 cm
Area of two cylindrical holes = 2(pr2)
Inner surface area of the vessel 2
 22   7 
= Inner surface are of the hollow hemisphere = 2×  × 
+ Inner surface are of the hollow cylinder  7   2
= 2p(17.5)2 + 2p(17.5) (22.5)  22   7   7 
= 2×  ×  × 
= 612.5p + 787.5p  7   2  2
= 1400p
= 11 × 7
22 = 77 cm2
= 1400 ´ = 200 × 22 = 4400 cm2
7 Surface area of the remaining block = surface
area of the cuboidal block + CSA of cylinder
10. For the given tank. – Area of two cylindrical holes
Diameter = 10 m Surface area of the remaining block
Radius of circular end of cylindrical tank, = 550 + 110 – 77
10 = 660 – 77
R= =5m = 583 cm2
2 Hence, the surface area of the remaining block
Depth of cylindrical tank, H = 2 m = 583 cm2.
20
Internal radius of the pipe = r = = 10 cm 12. Given, the dimensions of the box are l = 30 cm,
2 b = 40 cm and h = 115 cm.
1 Volume of the box = l × b × h
= m = 0.1 m = 30 × 40 × 115
10
= 138000 cm3
3000 Now, volume of the ice-cream cone
Rate of 昀氀ow of water, v = 3 km/h =
60 1
= ≠r 2h
= 50 m/min 3
Let t be the time taken to 昀椀ll the tank. 1 22
So, the water 昀氀ows through the pipe in t hours = × × 3.5 × 3.5 × 12
3 7
will be equal to the volume of the tank. [where, radius = 3.5 cm and height = 12 cm]
\ pr2 × v × t = pR2H = 154 cm3
Þ p × (0.1)2 × 50 × t = p × (5)2 × 2 And, the volume of hemispherical scoop of ice-
25 × 2 × 100 2 3
Þ t= cream = ≠r
50 3
= 100 minutes 2 22
= × × 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5
Hence, the cylindrical tank will be 昀椀lled in 3 7
100 minutes.
= 89.83 cm3
11. Given, length of the cuboidal solid metallic So, the volume of 1 serving of dessert
block (l) = 15 cm. = volume of ice-cream cone + volume of
Breadth of the cuboidal solid metallic block (b) hemispherical scoop of ice-cream.
= 10 cm. = 154 + 89.83
Height of the cuboidal solid metallic block = 243.83 = 244 cm3
= height of the cylinder (h) Approximate number of dessert served
= 5 cm. Volume of box
Diameter of the cylindrical hole (d) = 7 cm =
Volume of 1 serving of dessert
d 7
Radius of the cylindrical hole = = = 3.5 cm 138000
2 2 =
244
Surface area of the cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl) = 565.57 » 566

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 13 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
1. (b) 75 marks 3. (d) ` 5083.33
Explanation: Given, modal class = 70 – 80 Explanation:
\ l = 70, h = 10
Let f1 = x, and according to the question Number of
Salary (xi) f ixi
f0 = f2 = y workers (f i)

f1 − f 0 3000 16 48000
Now, Mode = l +
2f1 − f 0 − f2
4000 12 48000
x −y
= 70 + × 10 5000 10 50000
2x − y − y
6000 8 48000
x −y
= 70 + × 10
7000 6 42000
2 x − 2y

x −y 8000 4 32000
= 70 + × 10
2( x − y )
9000 3 27000
= 70 + 5 = 75
10000 1 10000
Thus, the mode of the data is 75 marks.

2. (a) 34.16 Total Sf = 60 Sf ixi = 3,05,000

Explanation:
Sf i x i
Mean (x) =
Time taken (in sec) No. of students Sf
0-10 4 (3, 05, 000 )
Mean = = 5083.33
10-20 6 60
20-30 7 Hence, the mean salary = ` 5083.33

30-40 12 4. (c) 45.4

40-50 5 Explanation:

50-60 6 Cumulative
Marks Frequency
frequency
Here, modal class is 30-40
\ l = 30, h = 10, f0 = 12, f1 = 7, f2 = 5 30-35 14 14
 f 0 − f1 
Mode = l +  35-40 16 30
 ×h
 2f 0 − f1 − f2 
40-45 18 48
 12 − 7  45-50 23 71
= 30 +  × 10
 2 × 12 − (7) − (5) 
50-55 18 89
50
= 30 + 55-60 8 97
12
= 34.16 60-65 3 100

Statistics 41

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  n  7. (A)
  − cf  
 2  Number of Number of Cumulative
Median = l +  
h
 f letters surnames (f i) frequency
From the table, 1-4 6 6
n 100 4-7 30 6 + 30 = 36
= = 50
2 2
7-10 40 36 + 40 = 76
The observation lies in the class 45 – 50.
10-13 16 76 + 16 = 92
Lower limit of the class, l = 45
13-16 4 92 + 4 = 96
Class size, h=5
16-19 4 96 + 4 = 100
Cumulative frequency of the class preceding
Sf i = 100
the median class, cf = 48
N 100
Frequency of the median class, f = 23 Here, = = 50
2 2
 (50 − 48 )  \ 7-10 is a median class.
\ Median = 45 +   (5) And, l =7
 23 
h =4–1=3
 2 cf = 36
= 45 +   5 f = 40
 23 
N
− cf
 10  \ Median = l + 2 ×h
= 45 +   f
 23 
50 − 36
= 7+ ×3
= 45.4 40
Hence, the median percentage of marks is 45.4.  14 
= 7 +   × 3 = 7 + 1.05
5. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.  40 
= 8.05
Explanation: We know that,
Hence, median number of letters is 8.05.
3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean (B) Modal class = Interval of highest frequency
Þ 3(9.6) = 7.8 + 2 (Mean) = 7 – 10
Here, l =7
Þ 28.8 – 7.8 = 2 Mean h =3
f1 = 40
21
Þ Mean = f0 = 30
2 f2 = 16
= 10.5 f1 − f 0
Mode = l + ×h
2f1 − f 0 − f2
6. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of 40 − 30
= 7+ ×3
assertion (A). 2( 40 ) − 30 − 16

Explanation: The modal class is the class 10 10

= 7+ ×3 = 7+ ×3
interval with maximum frequency. 80 − 46 34
From the given data, = 7 + 0.88
= 7.88
Class with maximum frequency, 25 is 25 – 35.
Hence, modal number of letters is 7.88.

(C) x i − 11.5
No. of letters No. of surnames (f i) Class mark (xi) xi – 11.5 ui = f i ui
3

1-4 6 2.5 –9 –3 –18

4-7 30 5.5 –6 –2 –60
7-10 40 8.5 –3 –1 –40

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 10-13 16 a = 11.5 0 0 0
13-16 4 14.5 3 1 4
16-19 4 17.5 6 2 8
Sf i = 100 Sf i ui = –106
Here, a = Assumed Mean = 11.5 \ 110 + a + b = 170
h = Class Width = 4 – 1 = 3 Þ a+b = 170 – 110 = 60
Also, Sf i = 100 Þ a+b = 60 ...(i)
Sf iui = –106 N 170
∑ f i ui Now, = = 85
2 2
Mean (x) = a + h ×
∑ fi Given that, median is 35 which lies in the class
 −106  30-40.
x = 11.5 + 3 × 
 100  Hence, median class is 30-40.
\ l = 30
x = 11.5 – 3.18 h = 40 – 30 = 10
x = 8.32 f = 40
Therefore, the mean number of letters is cf = 30 + a
8.32.
N
− cf
8. The cumulative frequency table looks like: \ Median = l + 2 ×h
f
Frequency Cumulative
Class  85 − 30 − a 
(f i) frequency (C.F.)
Þ 35 = 30 +   × 10
 40
0-10 10 10
10-20 20 30 55 − a
Þ 35 = 30 +
20-30 a 30 + a 4

30-40 40 70 + a 120 + 55 − a
Þ 35 =
4
40-50 b 70 + a + b
Þ 140 = 175 – a
50-60 25 95 + a + b
Þ a = 175 – 140 = 35
60-70 15 110 + a + b Now, putting a = 35 in equation (i), we get
Sf i = 110 35 + b = 60
+a+b Þ b = 60 – 35 = 25
Given that sum of frequencies is N = 170. Hence, the missing frequencies are a = 35 and
b = 25.
9.
Frequency Class mark xi − A
C.I. xi – A ui = f i ui
fi xi 50
100-150 4 125 –100 –2 –8
150-200 5 175 –50 –1 –5
200-250 12 225 = A 0 0 0
250-300 2 275 50 1 2
300-350 2 325 100 2 4
Sf i = 25 Sf i ui = –7

Here, A = Assumed Mean = 225 10. The frequency distribution into the continuous
h = Class Width = 50 form is as follows:
Also, Sf i = 25 and Sf iui = 7
Marks Number of students
∑ f i ui
Þ Mean = A + ×h 10.5-15.5 2
∑ fi
15.5-20.5 3
( −7)
= 225 + × 50
25 20.5-25.5 6
= 225 – 14 25.5-30.5 7
= 211
Hence, the required mean is 211. 30.5-35.5 14

Statistics 43

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 35.5-40.5 12 45.5-50.5 2 48 96
Sf i = 50 Sf ixi = 1000
40.5-45.5 4
Sf i x i
45.5-50.5 2 Mean =
Sf i
Here, the maximum class frequency is 14, and
the class corresponding to this frequency is 1600
=
30.5-35.5. 50
So, the modal class is 30.5-35.5 = 32
Hence, mean of the given data is 32.
Now, modal class = 30.5-35.5 Now, to 昀椀nd the median let us put the data in
l = 30.5 the table given below:

h=5 Frequency Cumulative

Class
(f i) frequency (cf)
f1 = 14
10.5-15.5 2 2
f0 = 7 15.5-20.5 3 5
f2 = 12 20.5-25.5 6 11
Now, let us substitute these values in the 25.5-30.5 7 18
formula:
30.5-35.5 14 32
 f1 − f 0 
35.5-40.5 12 44
Mode = l +   ×h
 2f1 − f 0 − f2  40.5-45.5 4 48
 14 − 7  45.5-50.5 2 50
= 30.5 +  ×5 N = Sfi = 50
 28 − 7 − 12  Total
Now, N = 50
 35 
= 30.5 +   N
 9 Þ = 25
2
= 34.38
The cumulative frequency just greater than 25
Hence, the mode is 34.38. is 32 and the corresponding class is 30.5-35.5.
Now, to 昀椀nd the mean let us put the data in the Thus, the median class is 30.5-35.5.
table given below: \ I = 30.5, h = 5, N = 50, f = 14 and cf = 18.
N 
Class
Frequency  2 − cf 
Class mark f ixi Now, Median = l + ×h
(f i)
(xi) f
10.5-15.5 2 13 26  25 − 18 
= 30.5 +  ×5
15.5-20.5 3 18 54  14 
20.5-25.5 6 23 138
35
25.5-30.5 7 28 196 = 30.5 + = 33
14
30.5-35.5 14 33 462
Hence, the median is 33.
35.5-40.5 12 38 456
Note : The third value can also be obtained
40.5-45.5 4 43 172 using empirical formula.
11. It is given that mean of the data is 18.
Let the assumed mean A = 18 and h = 2.

Frequency x i − 18
Marks Mid-Value (xi) ui = f iui
(f i) 2

11-13 12 3 –3 –9
13-15 14 6 –2 –12
15-17 16 9 –1 –9
17-19 18 = A 13 0 0

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 19-21 20 f 1 f
21-23 22 5 2 10
23-25 24 4 3 12
N = 40 + f Sf iui = –8 + f

1  −16 + 2f
We know that mean, x = A + h  ∑ f i ui  Þ 0 =
N  40 + f
Now, we have N = Sf i = 40 + f, h = 2, A = 18, Þ –16 + 2f = 0
Sf iui = –8 + f Þ f =8
 1  Hence, the value of f is 8.
Then, 18 = 18 + 2  × ( −8 + f )
 ( 40 + f ) 

12. The frequency distribution table for male and female MPs is:
Age Class mark (xi) No. of female MPs (f i) f ixi No. of male MPs (mi) mixi
25-35 30 4 120 7 210
35-45 40 17 680 42 1680
45-55 50 24 1200 114 5700
55-65 60 20 1200 143 8580
65-75 70 12 840 125 8750
75-85 80 3 240 27 2160
85-95 90 0 0 10 900
Total 80 4280 468 27,980

• fi xi • mi x i
The mean age of female MPs = And, mean age of male MPs =
• fi • mi

27980
=
4280 468
=
80 = 59.8 years
Hence, the average age di昀昀erence between male
= 53.5 years and female MPs = 59.8 – 53.5 = 6.3 » 6 years

Statistics 45

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 14 Push Yourself
SOLUTIONS
1. (a) 4 1
Explanation: Given, there are 4 doors (1, 2, 3, 4), 4. (b)
4
3 boxes (A, B, C) and two colours (red and
Explanation: Total number of balls in the bag
green).
= 5 + 4 + 7 = 16
The possible outcomes are:
\ Total number of outcomes = 16
(D1, BA, RC), (D2, BA, RC), (D3, BA, RC), (D4, BA, RC)
There are 4 balls that are neither red nor white
(D1, BB, RC), (D2, BB, RC), (D3, BB, RC), (D4, BB, RC) \ Number of favourable outcomes = 4
(D1, BC, RC), (D2, BC, RC), (D3, BC, RC), (D4, BC, RC) Hence, P(getting neither red nor white ball)
(D1, BA, GC), (D2, BA, GC), (D3, BA, GC), (D4, BA, GC)
4 1
(D1, BB, GC), (D2, BB, GC), (D3, BB, GC), (D4, BB, GC) = =
(D1, BC, GC), (D2, BC, GC), (D3, BC, GC), (D4, BC, GC) 16 4
Now, the possible outcomes which include 5. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Box A(BA) and red colour (RC) are: Explanation: If we choose,
(D1, BA, RC), (D2, BA, RC), (D3, BA, RC), (D4, BA, RC) x = 1, y = 1, then xy = 1
x = 1, y = 4, then xy = 4
4 x = 1, y = 9, then xy = 9
2. (c) x = 2, y = 1, then xy = 2
11
x = 2, y = 4, then xy = 8
Explanation: Total number of alphabets in the x = 2, y = 9, then xy = 18
word "PROBABILITY" = 11 x = 3, y = 1, then xy = 3
Vowels in "PROBABILITY" are, 'o', 'a', 'i', 'i'. x = 3, y = 4, then xy = 12
Number of vowels in "PROBABILITY" = 4 x = 3, y = 9, then xy = 27
Therefore, the favourable outcomes = 4 There is no number gives the product as 10.
Hence, the probability of getting a vowel Hence, probability = 0, thus it is an impossible
4 event.
= 6. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
11
Explanation: Total number of English
3. (b) Blue alphabets = 26
Explanation: Given, the box has 10 equal sized Number of vowels = 5
cards, out of which 4 are blue, 3 are green, 2 5
are yellow and 1 is red. P(getting a vowel) =
26
1
P(getting a red card) =
10 7. We know that,
Probability
4 2
P(getting a blue card) = = Number of possible outcomes
10 5 =
Total number of favourable outco
omes
3
P(getting a green card) = Total possible outcomes = 8
10
1
(A) Probability of getting 8 =
2 1 8
P(getting a yellow card) = =
10 5 (B) Total number of odd numbers = 1, 3, 5, 7
4 3 2 1 =4
Since, > > > Probability of getting an odd number
10 10 10 10
Thus, the blue coloured card is most likely to 4 1
= =
get picked. 8 2

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 (C) The numbers that are greater than 2 are 3, \ P(not drawing a yellow card)
4, 5, 6, 7, 8 i.e., 6
Favourable number of outcomes
Probability of getting numbers greater =
than 2 Total number of outcomes
6 3 150 3
= = = =
8 4 350 7
(C) Number of cards which are neither yellow
8. Total numbers of cards = 18 [odd numbers
nor blue = 100
between 1 and 35]
So, the number of favourable outcomes are 100.
(A) Favourable numbers = prime numbers less
than 15 = 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 \ P(drawing a card which is neither yellow
Number of favourable outcomes = 5 nor blue)
5 Favourable number of outcomes
P(prime number less than 15) = =
18 Total number of outcomes
(B) Numbers divisible by 3 and 5 = 15 100 2
= =
Number of favourable outcome = 1 350 7
P(getting a number divisible by 3 and 5)
1 11. Total number of outcomes when die is thrown
=
18 twice = 6 × 6 = 36.
(A) Number of possible outcomes when 5 will
9. We know that, the total number of days in a come up either time = (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3),
leap year = 366
(5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (6, 5) = 11
Since, there are complete 52 weeks = 364 days
in a year. Probability that 5 will come up either time
So, the occurrence of 52 fridays in a year is Number of possible outcomes
=
con昀椀rmed. Total number of favourable outco
omes
Now, since there are 366 – 364 = 2 extra days 11
in a leap year. =
36
Then, there are only two possibilities that one
of these two days is a Friday. (B) The probability that 5 will not come up
i.e., (Thursday, Friday) and (Friday, Saturday) 11 25
either time = 1 − =
Total possible outcomes = (Monday, Tuesday), 36 36
(Tuesday, Wednesday), (Wednesday, Thursday),
(Thursday, Friday), (Friday, Saturday), 12. After removing the king, queen and the jack of
(Saturday, Sunday) and (Sunday, Monday) clubs from the pack of 52 playing cards.
Þ Total possible outcomes = 7 Total number of cards left = 52 – 3 = 49
And, the number of favourable outcomes = 2 (A) Total number of heart cards = 13
 Probability of an event Probability
Number of favourable outcomes
= Number of favourable outcomes
Total possible outcomes =
Total number of outcomes
Þ Probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap 13
\ Probability of getting a heart card =
2 49
year =
7 (B) Total number of queen cards = 4
10. Total number of cards = 100 + 200 + 50 = 350 From this 4 queen cards one queen of club
Total number of outcomes = 350 is taken out.
(A) Number of blue cards = 50 \ Total number of queen cards left is 4 – 1 = 3
So, the number of favourable outcomes are 50. \ Probability of getting a queen card
\ P(drawing a blue card) 3
=
Favourable number of outcomes 49
=
Total number of outcomes (C) Total number of clubs cards = 13
50 1 The king, queen and jack of clubs are
= = removed.
350 7
\ Total number of club cards left = 13 – 3 = 10
(B) Number of cards which are not yellow
= 100 + 50 = 150 10
\ Probability of getting a club card =
So, the number of favourable outcomes are 150 49

Probability 47

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