_ lf Reochinn will wien i {| 7 A\\ for hiydetdys = - rr Mi ket Wy ——>. aki No dhs —— > Nal * a Prodinn wilh Halogen: ji | stu all_ruct_vidutly wit halogout tugorw alin _- WX) —> MK, ! Nog, t Cl p= Noda | Peodion with Wiregen ANitride arwahion ¥ H 7 Ovly bi ou “ndride_ hr» baled _with Ns Hau ton i t Ns = LinW > kin hyd ral yce Vn waley Ao ant Nay nog nid by iy | _thakivy imll | We Tye +¥s0 —> Hiot + Wy Sut M#Ny ——> Ne poodiow, when MW - cthay afloult onelals | Wty ouby > Idhiwa- hos: owls the ivallat caltonre wine ob al MA aloud uth ft wtrerls trong atleadion to barat af 4 “gator 2 yayulling fo abe guatict Laltece fuigy Whit b Jorg ennugln 4o_ttigpruotie the divou'gtiow ety 4 “Na ond loge paitive econ an involved_}n forming @® Onpes i __ Mayt vaclal_qrom onider dupendin aida : ; Abe witol alow “Ne Caen a gy © a=O) miss A Wonwoal onder 02° _( siwple oxide) _ _ (8).-Rsgride_, On?> — C toyapler ont)” . eas i) Suprvonide Og Cove ‘wnplte ode) Jy the cotton tras ‘alg power tho prroside avd tys_divtorted Yo doom yorwnud oxide. > That why tdlrivw (Li) tows fon» normal onde only ——, ft 0, > Lin 0 Bo. covmot folavite_piroride beonutt of et b polaviae Juptronids, thonyow Na forms norma) oride_a pavoride wy : _ | les 8 | Wo 4 0, —> Noo -- lower Aewuprad uve Not 0; —> NogQ, --- af bavgay Huy rradony - Je Ky Pb and © fit wok polarizing sowtr Calion . Jo they fares norwel oxide, peranide oud Luptroride wy e410, > ako KE 0g 22 BO M4 On orcayy ————> Ky CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Oxpes OF Goup Ta. (ll they dyiolve_t_waler to jor _hdrotide whith ow bavic_ Lig! WhO 4Me0 —> avon normal onide M0, t Nao ——»> MOH + Hn0, ~ -- peronidy enele MO, +Ro0 ——> MoH tly0,40, ~~. Luperorido (They aot wah dildt_ouds (HCL, ol Aly) Woda t Wel — > mcla fy0, | M09 4 Nel —> _yncla Hod 409 M0 4 HCl ——> Md 4 PO... We=O | WYDPox DEL _ Hydrondes of altel imebolt aw_hight. y_-batte hay vot witt AN ove te dorm volt cud _ualor _Mot_4 Hel ——s mich, ¢ Boo tg, Root + Hel => Hod! # HO eo WW)! Thee sod with aude onde ike ((0,) Comm with JO), 05 ) 1 Nao + (0, —» Nos(0, ¢ Hed . Ge Oy ty in ex(osd pitarbonale is jonwued ; , AMOR + (0, orcs ——> MH, NB: oth turbonades avd _bitochanafar op alkel’ _welalt_ae tw wat (Ha@o,) ti slightly lull due to high dupove of_peloviratiows heute hala “digit 04 covadeud chor” | Due to ‘ety ally folubldy: TK dhe waa why foOH canneh be wel to tut (OY the (alot), Uvwwndor « Becowe (all) a 41. > Col, + ho _ ae while gph fib Wook + W, ——> Nos, ato = _ : Joludy . Gam Qu: _ Mott {Malt dal toe _alwous raved ip vet tudrorovbor _Jolvaud [ke _Kerasivne oi) “bith woud tha ae 2 in ttirlod -ph_snail_a giv. Atv rpmdoins kyo (14:0) tity gen aed Ua hid a fh all _ Swits_of_notign + . Qe oe ee 4—© (it) the hybrid 4 dhsli_melaly do not dvcomnone on _tuabtvy onc Hoh whith Aitoaayora $e bind due do _highey diye} ___Lpoloviaotion - " - ' = f 4o,__kioh —;—> 13,0 4. Ayo A _—_I Mow A> No wodinn __| = aliali itll 2xtvok li ~_albypennes i Alkali vwietaly ydiyo witli o dorm barre hydridai whidi_work wd water fo dor Injdronide« ~ bout hydrariby MH 4 Ayo >" M08 A CALBONAICS > Atkal’ metal carbonates do not deovapyse_¢ heafivy 4 Thyy bave |Lhigle Awennal dabliy) dv 4o low Avge 04 _polovioadion pF age AiO, whch dupyapat a on healing fo form bird dus to high deque oj polaridaliow - Au y a | hil0q ——>_Lij0 4 Bro" “co, Bub 00, > Mo wodton + 5 | BICAPBONATES _ (HO hay hare i_polartdabi Day than (0,7") _ I 1 > Bicorborat og “alkali metal decoinyese on beating fo etm carbo fo ylativdy highie deqae ation thon in darborake —— dat te labs hither tga of eelatilion_Hon-iv reora! CRO," ty Lovqey ~ anton’ Hray (0327) As . 2 treept_1ie05 haya b_dugitt_o, polarization at tht_nuuft —|siwallar cateonee and Farge anon hewte it dea even oud at Lot Anmperad av Sage i a rs L2H tan pattie Aequcoe Jolulion due to ablontion try, tas = ~~ Lhydratlon pro=O WWW g_ a> Ma (Oy + Oy + HO = Alkal’ uncle! 2rceot thu: LLRs, > Lip, + HOt Oy | dup bigs, > hy dstovaparh iow = | (sable) &) NMiRAies | The _ndeaha oy alkall _polurigation onwog Mie vs wito,’ 3 no, £Op | nitvale _Cathrites vtghle) whine tn _abeltyuatal vcopt_bi Excapt dor hing Livy > Litt, 40, aN, ‘the, Lil, a> 0 + Ovo +0] a Liable Oveyall_yrm brown fumed - | bino, x? biO tO, toy fe |_ ABYSS OF ALKALI MGIAL To FORM COMP) exs —__>Alkali metal do not awlen Remon 27 How aint org (wt = boxe Lingle posthiv chorgs) v forge alow dhe Ansregoxt they ctimet tld! Ligaydl thay 2 Yiojoq why alvalt wmelaly do yet pan wil di) Neo? whly tweak datvogauttve_wachl Uike AU) do. tAMOMALOW PéMayiOuD! GF TIRCT Memgee OF éAca trPoug_« deklt_bo} sanalays behoviowt from other qtoup_tnsualedre Gray wviey_ gov dewmiwt (ow top) 4 eush fiw in fined, DYewows : = vty y hued wall alee “fini law w tay fhoys aaa ete ve They have_h nigh to onizodiow ety vy No ausilab iby of b eld Viiv warts with -teygrn to norwat oxi rae ‘Lmebals av diyivul + : DFE RENCE bin Lifaiwah_AN_OTNED. ANwali” wolali — { Arowalos paste mM [dhru va wi, — > b40 vowly ! Not Oy > No,O ond Mat OQ, — > No.0," GW | (Wns combine with nicogen to give_Lithivia ia while eid: | Lit Ny —— "big while ; ‘| Ma Na —> No ren ° Gi) (ouponncl cn Lithivnn ust bow hina ill -cowapoved-40 thot of- fey qlkal’ waetals « a ty (i0h =e 0 eo Mob E> _No-wodiew. “Tl : i | ‘ : he QI Gownound oy Have wore covalent in characte than thise of oho || alkali _yaab - strowal y tow'c A LOH aw iy volube in wale LiCl 8 Jobuble ty argu solveug -ujlilé “thlarddly larity of oboe “|| ay tnuobulde F | Lio wy _weakew | tir - WV Vahiuya has hh wt and bP (fh aha alkole vichd | =e ow, dept Loin BP gard tsp eO . ! (Wau — dibontfe sore hylcded cnysols Atiel BUOY Mo | solu while_glver group duuburt fro auhydross : : ! _ | _ DIAGONAL _ ReLATionssriTP Te dno thualanby tw propartres bdween the grat elo sj he_group aud tus deand dewaev? 4 thy wort qroup towwidey _ Group ta Oe a Wa | Peeron 9 Wi be c 8 | eon 8 Ne My OAL Weull tone utr % dhog owl suladacwebva 18) Sdueyn Ltidwe oud Mod west ' @) Belueen Be ane M: . (it) B oud gt Coupes [Reasons of diogoud) vdlatiowglat Gt {tudo dachamugadihy Gi) Stuer oforure wads (i) findlow LE (we) Stoubow’ itachi sutlor charge . | De relations’ belwaon bi aud Mg | rile “pllour'g_aue_the puoptitied Hutlar grow beth 47 aud Mg (\ fath woth with Nagas te give arvitt . a keth, => ban ‘ My tWa » Mga . PR hay bell gor nevwol_ertle poy te, Lich. PAO Civoo. male CrrO May 4g ——> MgO=i (Wd They ont Tuhonidat ke Cott). ond wat, a wnaber baer Fae th ir od Ben I vot exe? ot row Aeurpuod ue “UiW, zr, +O by Mo Cato), Mls + (On 4.0 | the Corewate ay but kt aud Mg decvyapates ow bbb to jor onide Htn(0y a? bizo 4 (0, MeO, —RR> MgO + (0, “| DIFFICUVAes MUN eked IN EXTRACTION OF ALKALI MeqaLs (J the alalt metal colon cannot be dichorgd at cade Mad ! hdroyon ton will. Gi, iat ital” art Conger afuchopastive Tend ‘they, a: be easy 7 Lrphoted by cured frown thety ons. i 20 +c —— fet lo Ma +: —> No van. Coup TA GLemMeNnyEs - Eleunewd Aounte wawber J. be Be [- - i : e a cic sw 2 alafrowe iva || Ge we eo our bq $e a dw) pd = Bh = dub yp 8 coumete +[Mele aot sustae balean_ogton ie pale pv Mg a Bo soll: do’ not pe “pochive_qlame tact - eho: at the “lale cout wwutal av uhiny Slvey = gray aloud oy) tr alfaline earth's val tae ghee Me aud BP. fusstare! to there 1 8 tint” atl wattah! CHEMICAL: REACTIONS 1E ALEALIIOE -QNRTH eral othe vagcttudhye oe aout yelal Inewenger down” day group duo to t f (wwiact in ie : (o)| Reaction vara Wajeb. : » >The weartiuty of eof sical i gownued trail wang, oud the joder a slows adto satay owing ae 0 sat | ¥ bee doar not rend with old wakes | or ius Reavers’ : _ > Be has very Laree yet outa afien . eueryn ining bet > be tors harae of Be whedh "ats futlao E Be ull wotny : fo Be + hO > {20 Tau. ai ee oe dhawnDY ¥ Mg _voads Chuync) with geo Ao jor Hye bud soa Neat wot cold watev « We, £ B00 fy a? _MYPc + Reg) ith Abia’ CL foumed ogfev wow pou ix Ma 4 He aie No yews fan at vO) Se, avd bo wot with ld wat to ‘fon hyd Nonden Qu Hao Matt fad gy => M M(H) Cony + Bagg. oat whow Ms to, dy or do ‘Beacon _10 ah Dake acl a Dip Hse Peodtion wih dil Het >A gio fa dove ud _yeorks wal dl to Llber excep Ge wahitle doe not reac’ oth dil Hel due 46 dy ox'dafiory polodeal ats _wsult op Ay vty lit nf towinagr owirgy ey Bo to Be fo __-be_& Hl (oat — No “rey: Sub SM tiel => Mel + He who “wero allatine eaifhl metab ; xttoel be Qeadion wer dil HO “t v Set AlOy —> No vey v Ma Wtherafas dy gas more reactive than Ma i> Tas BS boeccus form idoluble tulphae_whith futlasrseadton_ey the is Mg gy t Belg —> ihe@®t Hao vta/fe and Bodo pol pod wil dite iy alah aw a 1 Selubod thy Of sulphate dyn cr kon alice unermy and | ee by aration energy. 4 hyalina? > laflies ony > Solulaildy be oteuy. - _ ~ oe 8 Boye SeI0g aud ( ay tug fat hud _ horge ches og Bat trtt gud (att(fects Vari, CONC _HNOg, AMD fonte Hide CU Bets vended passively bot atid fase: to “goneandio oe _pvetuctive hho oy $e)" _ ‘the ee. modal wads “eiduatng acyeute A pouee they aw oxcelloed’ Tt ME RNG gag), NGA 20 TAG HulOy ——> MM f Op + Hrs whi Si at Tnause they 0 Veie suudhing 2) ~ invcluble sulphates Sh yeaddow 4 _tont Gilde with Ine otal dye to Luly onal spouse uy thy, at» “low en oly pve ed Malo peo pouchaly @Deerction. with Diluie Maow: ve Re. hast ‘abil iby e_fowailag causfe due dots gual “tiae fhan all surf’ quieted ttt fl reorks_witte_dil- NaOH | OL Complex so F : ae ee -e 7 Bef Wood + fo ——> Hagl BeloH)a T+ Mat | Bud, ctluws donot of they haw large afer and an fom | cour ! | MDI Hoot ——> Moray (2h Reaction wis Aifeogen_ 4 Mifeibe foe ATONS 7A sodttly usta Con towbine wll “Ms gas fo all Peosevs ! . _ v they haw’ gualler_caften'é radius . - v te [ee fete chars Ga) —_ Athy a Lhe ir cl Me enough toc f deco yogi rie Ae and. Wi dio cate Joualo yuerqy 0 oll ie, Mt Ms _— Hus i aac Mg opel lostOs A) Rerciions wna warousrs —_ 2 bod wit hatogene Ae form tome hobiles _ercegh Bor which 1 —Leovalevd huttdes. — —— i1_te Bo 4%, —— Ger, = ovals — Mot X_ ——> Ma — Tome JELected — tompountdy oF eApTH mesALs- (@)) Oxipes. : : coer ee a re ERI —1M4 avd fo gov noiwiel ontlat uly what x baw _ | “ey Mgt 0; ——> Mp0 I~ fe and Bo toa form normal otile end plontdey = | ie oe tO. = dO roma! onthe> a ee a Li thay su ite waist te gia bare hydiondat 9 Mg0_ 4 Hv0 ——> Ma(ott)s =~ =~ onal onthe Gis_t Hoo —> Ir, 4 Bea === _poponid_ CW) thay read wits dufe avd Coq cel A) nie eq = Mg0 tHcy)” —> Moth, + uo -—= boul eb 4 A ey Fitts th, ° @ Aypeonipgs Belo), te ning, — | onl elot), tf IMaCH —> NogbeO, tH ose Belo)» + WA —=> bell dro sah iw Beall brand, awe bewie tt | mes thd —> mgt ho ys Wudronvelos 4 gueve Ua decernpars en eteg ed wilot)s a NOt Oo <= S 2 T) s:TGszpnwcltaapt id eeaeemmenncat than the “alinb— Oltanomes Lv Bela. _ts highly uudalls ape Be(oti)a huh | Getta PRD —> Before + He v thoy bydrorider ants volal! 9 vq Cally tO +> Ca ot)s + He (A) Ceopowntes : |e thay ola vue fo w (ao, + zen | > Thun devo hoahis MO —y> MO t On (2) NiaAtes |_> Derouaperes “on Lafing ‘te_fornn’ ones : M (N03), > "Mo NO, Oy (i [Bien CBonnte.s > Biro vowels oy. eat mefalr do —— due fo _unjhaf ywsudt op i din larisadjon. Ly, MUBOs),. SM, +O, t He ‘Qad iv acqueows solv | mt HCO) 3604) ence —H0 .cvtouspottnn + i to te : ' fegesWl APRDSES |The: wot tomo caroide. lowe G* GP brow dose toa polaripe LG tual carbicl? | Lie oy walielo. vhructutnd Of abl bet ces Boal | T_ tedhoy pouwtaiiny tow (east Ge to CE > Mow wat las poling ow | wat C2 5 My degC TiO —> CHee + Bod AlyC, * oo — > Che + AD,0 Aloae_wilh (yoo for Dhyne tq__ Colo 40 —— > CHEcH # Caton), | te 4 pie _svasiatiag (Sot, Mot, Sve ) hydralyte bo jor” wothane a [ealonipes Oey - covaleud ost aye four =Melculae utrurtwd oy Modes Jel — _polyuna 1b a iT oeeh], neath thevides hue the gjoud wate oud — pei te is wey. ee salad RO ——> Be (ot), a A alive yo hydichys egw divolva to jy_oW + |__-APPLLcaTont OF qeou'. OA Clements (o)_ be iuysd ob dayl_ so 10,2» (0,", $057" avd Ca0y* The ‘olufiow —rovtotwi da 2 wwvaly dull avd Bo (Ms), ov ote aniowtt ret gou_prurvee of 0g?” , 40, ?* (0,8 amd GOe* |» Soy? ajuda while gg of dol hal is -Tivolwbe tu Act on GS ig BolO4 "+ Hel —» No OXY vWF glvss twlaitt_ppk 4 Hots ulatle O Soluble jy Bel fend walvivng | v_ SOge- Sat glut wlute tt gy Sols whith quivolubly im LAW oud 1 id fox oloyclews —gou_snneling. Nhe buodt_wadehet__ ol je, BadOg + rz — atl tit Hel = lv y= oralade giv’ while hy Bots whith th whl with ro i ai_tvolved = : at Basta Oe EAC) = bal + Arle oy orale atid) Moly as a dah ial ted in with bi No, and J ‘Mall(Os, - wm M0 tt ts odd 4 1; Noy6Oy white _pgh oF My ls pe do —! iy My + NoalOs oq, Ma (xe) + Nosdgap— ———— | * Jrucluble white pe: op - a he Mg S04 y odded to NallCOs , ne jonwadion op phe te Nit ava rate + aay === Wg tat and horcltt_op fi oy water | Hace water confor neg a mately (a St can be | 7 femporary bade 2 Fp al ; uid b [solute (aH), and My (HO v Pamonod thadyw + Type ; waker_hardvas dut to afd or ‘chlorides oy “Wy rl Mgt t EXYPASION OF MAGNE,IUM FROM Moda 1M eA Winfe2 » © > Ma erty in My whith wv goluble Mm dea wader fly to vecover Mg j QV Mach + Coot), or. Nudh——> Moat, Ca > frog © a (ni ava vist) (-tiqge unter) while got CH) Ahgfota F ACH ove > Mach tHeO » (Pave mtn Moth: ay alvthvolya) te Down’ coll to ebforh pure_Mg. “it M_tadhnds 2 My? ¢ Be —> Mg nl HF i th ately | ; — { oui rele - Mad L ABILITY OF C60)H METALS fo form comPLEnes 12 Ovoup fla donot gon cowflutes_extepk Be whic gonny wt roordtdation puimber af : vb hay smal awit sud / eon ste thal) why 1 neevences_ ai “Barium AND one. Rou wemgees hs (ANOMALOUS pPOPERIIES OF: Be). (D4 dar tot vent vith“ water hte othe tnuberdo (TE tap don _coonpleres wile _ottaee comet (ib Th cawide 4 Seah rear with water 10 yom radon : —— dy tabides af ner _onuonburs tera _athyne 4| ie WW) (wi) xii) (ia) | I =—=© COT e rutile, he laid (Bulle) can_uvde o_aicorthon Yo —— Hoe _polywaer "in (Betts) while thlovider_o)_othew OUb weber — | Has chloride ( Lenewehir dg lo_nok eects! - alls) hydichyse_ tn water wolale —chlovede 4 tine ‘ong Hs ts, Beta + Jta0 = bilo)’ + ond Gut 4 |___Mila + Ho — > May + acl” axils gud hydiclyie oy thet ashen ave louie Mis havdoy ate Mgormas mainly covalut ipa (24 Seth) whle other ‘tnewsbery fort matty “fone ted (eq “fady) safe. At cannot _towbine eltvedly “tata Baggy fo dor hydride , dw wmembis do» : D/AGONAL DELATIONSHT® gefweeN papyzi runs AND ALUMiniuM . : ose ad hybone 480 and defo) are_auughdvitt_whle L_figher MHP “gud §-P that ones -qieup DA tows als (i) Tap beth gor) howe e _qnybelnte ori _grd pda Thy hth 4oun _fovaleut _chlovilay AAbtls ond Belle } wlth hyo lye | Ih_watoy - _ v Ald, 4 3.0 —o> Al(OH), + Bic} _ v beth, t 2410 —> ge (os 4 ane) ‘They ov —ballr_sondered_pautve by cone HNO,” > si fz, Ab Aone HNO, —> flQ tM tig ——Inuoluble_protecting foyer —— 80 t+ NO tO Be A cove HNO,G0) hy or covalutt: # chlorides whore rvolnwler con tin ru_po philo Hil orws dior tt Ctl ins 800 | aah, Danie, ai, - a f J (wil) iu hava turbidas Lilet; aud 9.) whit oot io ud Ao y-vntdlnane able qari op = Be (oth «Gat. + oto A> Bed t tHe os geile sgcve 04 PLlOH)s t Sel “Ta Th ‘kdl vod uit Alu Nol sell do four ‘plot ond th gal “ul vided Nod dy) —>- Noy [De (ot t 2 () 4 v AL + NaOH dd > Ma [ALCot)« | + Hag) EXAMPLES: 7 1 Arrange the yellow vig (oCls; dolls, Math, drth Gi, hell Ot initeasig font tharodoy » T Wink! Ma/ ahnoet all Lond aywlomie > ese drow op 7 {iat Aout gar dt fechoweaaties thie, Ia_< Mach cacl. _a Arrange pata ll ha) Fst aco clewtoses ally menage ua cbonagol . a oy ese gd Jn ie mare Ori highly bande ts She HO pI 00 4G a ee te Wecbopartvent tues) ; / DIAGONAL “RELAFiOntN HIP Ss tu dusdliratly wundy jn _proptitins Mins qinat alwasud tn a ~Saiadd ane gisup oud Anes seco oA yo St 2 the aa he pepe oy leone) pra dh Dogan) velalisship-onur Gravee Alay ead han!=_ ) Giualloy gshou! ina pow (i) | Siwalon dectrones at tushy vol ag LO) _ hath touisotion energy (tv) wile epfedive wudear cha iv) Sivan Malomte-ties (re to 24g Yux_= 122 pra, Cwg.t dom, Yae 758 pm,“ Far_# 1443p») ‘Maree importous dugg owe a) toda aud Mogutaitu vw (a) (iw Ou ful |G) Bovon avd chron aby | Paved a ul Be g C Group $4 - Group Ha: top Die Coraup Wa \ ‘hey Pevi'od 4 Wa Mg AL ca DIAGONAL PELATIONUHIP Séiwi@eN Liftivng (Li) AR) MAGNESIUN + both tombtne with otygen_go 4o_orw nonuas_exife uly fo Alig 4 On =. DLO fa) Magra _t Ox, 31M 0c (ihe fe (therate iy” . _ fe Goth vead_with witeogen to dorm _nivider whith rad uit water bhigy + Sap ents ALN car : Nga: > Yay _—> Mate Go IL my tt, =x wot tWade (ii) he vilirale sn oy both Li and Mg ou Ih dianilor aags. on heetiy eh oride RO,_at avd 0 —————— ify LIN, — 150) + ‘Aig, 10)