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RR Chapter 5 Tension Member Design

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31 views43 pages

RR Chapter 5 Tension Member Design

Uploaded by

gauravgnawali6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design of Steel & Timber Structures

Chapter FIVE
(4 hours) : 10 to 12 marks in exam
Concept of Tension Member
• Structural member subjected to tension load
(i.e pulling load) known as Tension Member.

• Tension members are carry loads


most effectively, since effective entire cross
section is subjected to uniform stress thereby
fully material used & economical.
• Unlike compression members, they do not fail
by buckling.
• Tension member in a Roof Truss known
as Tie Member

• Tie member in a Roof Truss should be designed


as a Tension member then checked for
compression member for reversal stress due to
WL or EL so as to ensure they do not fail by
buckling.
Section of Tension Members

MS Pipe

ROD
RHS
• Patterns of
Connections of
Angles
Double Angles Back to Back on the
Same side of Gusset Plate
Double Angles Back to Back on the
Both Sides of Gusset Plate
• In Tension Members, The applied load is directly
transferred to the connection end, hence there is
possibility of rupture of the member along the bolts,
rivets, weld due to holes in the members.

• Therefore the main concerned while designing the


Tension members is determining the NET SECTIONAL
AREA.
• The effective area of the cross section of a member
at the hole is the Net area.
• The most critical section is that on which maximum
numbers of bolts holes with minimum staggered
pitch.
Hence, The Design Strength of Tension Member (Td) is
the lowest of the followings
• Design Strength due to yielding of gross section (Tdg)
• Design Strength due to Rupture Strength at the net
Critical Section (Tdn)
• Design Strength due to Block Shear Failure (Tdb)
• For Safe Design
• In case of welded
connection
• Avg = Avn
• Atg = Atn
• For Safe Design

• On this basis, the variety of Tension Members


are selected from STEEL TABLES
DESIGN PROCEDURE OF A TENSION
MEMBERS

1. Applied tensile load & length of the member is given.


2. Gross sectional area (Ag) required to resist that applied
ultimate load Pu is determined as

During design we must design, Pu < = Td


But in limiting condition, Pu = Td = Tdg

Agross required (approximate) = (Pu*γm0)/fy


• (Generally Section having 25% more than required area
since due to bolting holes net sectional area reduced, but
in case of welding no effective area is reduced i.e Anet =
Agross
• Then from steel section, any steel section as single
rolled section or built up section is chosen.

3. The Design of END CONNECTIONS by bolting or


welding

4. Arrangements of bolting as chain or staggered type


with providing minimum end distance, minimum
pitch as required. Or length of fillet weld etc
5. Determining the Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity of the
Tenson Member (Td)
Which is the least of Tdg, Tdn, Tbd (block shear strength)

For safety of design

If above condition is satisfied, the section is selected.


• Concept of SHEAR LAG EFFECT
Non Uniform Distribution of stress at LOADED EDGE & UNLOADED EDGE,
• While designing the tension members using the ANGLE
SECTION, CHANNEL SECTION, I –SECTION,
T –SECTION, They are connected to the gusset plate through one
leg only
• At the joint/end connection, more of the load is carried by the connected
leg, i.e the connecting element of the sections are more stressed than the
unconnected elements of the section near the loaded ends.
• Since stress in one part lags behind the other part of the section,
it is referred to as SHEAR LAG EFFECT
• Since SHEAR LAG reduces the effectiveness of the
component of the tension member that are not directly
connected to the gusset plate, the outstanding legs are kept
shorter in length.
• For this reason, unequal angle with longer leg connected are
preferred.

• Therefore, while determining the design strength due


to rupture for angle sections, channel sections,
I section, suitable modification factors is used to account
for this SHEAR LAG EFFECT.
• Concept of SHEAR LAG EFFECT for
Other Sections
CHECK FOR
Page no : 20, IS 800 -2007
Design of Tension Member using LUG ANGLES
(Clause 10.12, Page no: # 83, IS 800 -2007

• When the Length of end connection is restricted


(fixed) due to site condition,
• In the case of Channel sections, The LUG ANGLE
• Should be exposed SYMMETRICAL to the axis of
the section as shown above
• Since all the legs are connected each other,
no shear lag effect occurs in the section
• A Lug Angle help to increase the efficiency of the
outstanding leg of the Tension Member
Design Criteria of LUG ANGLES (Clause
10.12, Page no: # 83, IS 800 -2007
END OF DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

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