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Predetermined Time Systems

The document discusses Predetermined Time Systems (PDTS) and their historical context, including contributions from Fredrick Taylor and the Gilbreths. It outlines the use of motion-time tables, methods like Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) and Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST), and their applications in work measurement and ergonomic analysis. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and disadvantages of these systems in estimating task performance times.

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10 views27 pages

Predetermined Time Systems

The document discusses Predetermined Time Systems (PDTS) and their historical context, including contributions from Fredrick Taylor and the Gilbreths. It outlines the use of motion-time tables, methods like Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) and Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST), and their applications in work measurement and ergonomic analysis. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and disadvantages of these systems in estimating task performance times.

Uploaded by

lombrehasubrero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Predetermined Time

Systems
History
• Fredrick Taylor
– Time Study
• Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
– Motion Studies
• Predetermined Time Systems (PDTS)
– Combination of time and motion studies
Therbligs!
• Work can be described by these 17.
• Effective/Productive: Reach, Move, Grasp,
Release, Pre-Position, Use, Assemble &
Disassemble.
• Ineffective/Non-Productive: Search, Select,
Position, Inspect, Plan, Unavoidable Delay,
Avoidable Delay, Hold, Rest to overcome
fatigue.
Uses
• To predict standard times for new or modified
jobs
• Used to improve method analysis
• Can identify ergonomic risk factors and risk of
repetitive strain indices (RSI)
Composition
• Sets of motion-time tables with rules and
instructions
• Specialized training is essential to the practical
application of these techniques
• Times are at 100% - which eliminates performance
rating
• May be slight variability among different people
using the same tool
Two Hand Process Chart
Methods-Time Measurement (MTM)
• A procedure that analyses manual operations
or methods into basic motions needed to
perform it, and assigns each a pre-determined
time based on the motion and environmental
conditions
MTM-1
• Fundamental Motions
– Reach, turn, position, release, move, grasp,
disengage
• Procedure
– Summarize all right-hand and left-hand motions
– Determine time measurement unit (TMU)
– Remove non-limiting motion values
Time Measurement Units (TMU)
• 1 TMU = 0.00001 hour
• 1 TMU = 0.0006 min
• 1 TMU = 0.036 sec
• 1 hour = 100,000 TMU
• 1 min = 1667 TMU
• 1 sec = 27.8 TMU
Maynard Operation Sequence
Technique (MOST)
• Developed in 1980 by Zjell Zandin
• Establishes standards at least 5 times faster
than MTM-1, w/little if any sacrifice in
accuracy
• Concentrates on the movements of objects
MOST Procedure
• Watch job/task
• Determine sequence(s) to use
• Determine index values
• Add index values to determine TMU
• Multiply TMU by 10
• Convert TMU to seconds, minutes, hours
Concept of MOST
• Definition of work
• Work is the displacement of a mass or object
• Work = Force X Distance

f = 10 lbs. f = 10 lbs.
d = 4 in. d = 0 in.
Concept of MOST

In Work, an object is moved


GET and PUT
– For example, you can lift a box and place it down
three feet away.
– Basic body motions used to perform work occur in
repeating patterns or sequences.
– This is the foundation of BasicMOST and the
sequence models that make up MOST.
Concept of MOST
MOST Analysis

Method Description Sequence Model

Phases

Parameters (A, B, G")

Index Values
(1, 3, 6")
Concept of MOST

Method Description
• Documents the action performed
– Clear, concise and easily understood
– Comprised of recommended words

• Example:
– Grasp marker located three steps away on the
floor and put in holder.
Sequence Models

• Sequence models represent the sequence of events that


occurs when an object is moved or a tool is used.
• Predefined sequence models represent different types of
activities.
• Three sequence models can be used to analyze all types of
manual work:
– General Move (moved freely through space)
– Controlled Move (movement restricted; attached or in
contact)
– Tool Use (using common hand tools)
Phases

• Sequence models are structured into phases used to


describe the action performed.
• Each of the predefined sequence models has a different
set of phases.
• From Method Description Example:
– Grasp marker located three steps away on the floor and put in
holder.

Phase: Get Put Return

How did I GET How did I PUT the Did I


the marker? marker? RETURN?
Basic Sequence Models
Activity Sequence Model Parameter

General ABG ABP A A – action distance


Move B – body motion
G – gain control
P – placement
Controlled ABG MXI A M – move controlled
Move X – process time
I – alignment
Tool Use ABG ABP * ABP A F/L – fasten/loosen
C – cut
S – surface treat
M – measure
R – record
T – think
General Move
• Parameters
– Action Distance (A) – horizontal distance
– Body Motion (B) – vertical distance
– Gain Control (G)
– Placement (P)
• ABG | ABP | A
• Get | Put | Return
• Assign an index value based on complexity
• Accounts for 50-60% of most industrial work
General Move
Index Values

A 6B 6 G1 A 6B 0 P 1 A0
Get Put Return
• Each parameter is assigned an index value based on the
motion needed to perform the activity.
• Index values are then used to generate the total time
required to perform a task.
How is Work Measurement Done?

Method Description from video:


– Grasp heavy box located within reach, walk
eight steps, position on pallet and return to
initial location.
A 1B 0 G3 A 10B 0P 6 A 10
Get Put Return

300 TMU x .036 sec/TMU = 10.8 seconds


How is Work Measurement Done?
TMU

Top Row
A 1B 0 G3 A 10B 0P 6 A 10 300
Get Put Return

Middle Row A 1B 0 G3 A 10B 0P 1 A 10 250


Get Put Return

Bottom Row A 1B 0 G3 A 10B 6P 3 A 10 330


Get Put Return
Sources of error & variance
• Hard to classify some motions
• Difference in opinion between team members
• Variation in distance measurements
• Repeatability and variation of worker
• Very time-consuming to break up job
• Repetitive to enter in data
• May not match actual times
Pro’s & Con’s
Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Efficiently estimates the time • Requires exact job
to perform a task description and layout
 Accurate results • Chance of omitting
 Methods are easily
elements when estimating
new jobs
understood
• Not always applicable to
 Sequence models result in non-repetitive operations
minimal paperwork
 Encourages method
development and continuous
improvement

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