ae AIM Studying the properties of acids and bases (dil. HCI & NaOH) by their reaction with (i) Litmus solution (Blue/Red). (ii) Zine metal. (iii) Solid Sodium Carbonate. (A) To study the properties. of acids (dil, HC:) by their reaction with (i) tin, solution (Blue/Re@). (ii) Zine metal. (iii) Solid Sodium Carbonate. MATERIAL REQUIRED Test-tube, test-tube stand, match box, dropper, a spirit lamp, dil. HCl, Na,CO,, Zinc metal pieces, blue litmus solu red litmus solution and phenolphthalein. THEORY @ Hydrochloric acid turns blue litmus to red litmus but it does not affect red litmus. When zinc metal is added to hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is liberated. Zn(s) + = 2HCK(ag) —> Hg) + ZnCLiaq) Zine Hydrochloric Hydrogen Zine chloride acid Hydrogen gas burns in oxygen with a pop sound. 2HYg) + Og) ——» 2H,0(I) Hydrogen Oxygen Water Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate so that carbon dioxide gas (CO,) is liberated. Na,CO,(aq) + = 2HCK(ag) —> 2NaCl(ag) + HO) + CO,Q) Sodium Hydrochloric Sodium chloride Water Carbon carbonate acid dioxide Carbon dioxide gas tums lime water milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate. Ca(OH),(aq) + CO,xg) — caCO,s) + HO(l) Calcium hydroxide Carbon dioxide Calcium car- Water onate PROCEDURE Experiment 7 Inference zi [pstiedanesencee Litmus Test : © Take 1 mL of HCl ina testtube and adda} @ Th it hare 1. | few drops of blue litmus solution. tine ed eacton : pe rea asit ’ is © Take 1 mL of HCl ina test tube and adda | @ The colour of red litmus solution re- does not affect red few drops of red litmus solution. mains unaffected. litmus. Reaction with Zinc metal: © Take about 2 mL. of hydrochloric acid in h HCI? 2 8 it clean tet tube and add two or three pieces | © ST@uPubbles of agas are formed. | wwonte of zinc metal. C4 Chemistry (Scion) —Reaction with Sodium carbonate ‘© Take solid sodium carbonate in a dry test (© Brisk effervescence takes place with the | @ Sodium carbonats Tube and add hydrochloric acid dropwise. | evolution of coloutiess gas reacts with HC To pro- 3. |e Pass the gas through lime water, ‘© On passing the gas through limewater, | duce CO,, limevater turns milky. CO, reacts with lime water and forms calei- um carbonate. CONCLUSION 1. Hydrochloric acid tums blue litmus red, 2, On reaction of hydrochloric acid with zine metal 3. Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonat 1, zinc chloride is formed and hydrogen gas is liberated. a te to produce carbon dioxide, which in turn reacts with lime water to form calcium carbonate. 4, HCl gas is acidic in nature. PRECAUTIONS (a) Use clean zinc metal or else the reaction will take place very slowly. (b) Drop zinc metal piece in acid carefully. (@)_H,gas evolved may catch fire, so doesn’t bring fire near it. (@)_ Use small quantities of chemicals, (©) Use HCI carefully, itis corrosive in nature. (f Wash your hands properly with soap after the completion of the experiment. (B) To study the properties of bases (dil. NaOH) by their reaction with (i) Litmus solution (Blue/Red}. (ii) Zinc metal (Zn) and (iii) Solid Sodium Carbonate (Na,CO,) MATERIAL REQUIRED Test-tube, test-tube stand, match box, dropper, a spirit lamp, sodium hydroxide solution (dil. NaOH), Zine metal Piece, blue litmus solution, red litmus solution and phenolphthalein. THEORY ¢ Sodium hydroxide turns red litmus blue but it does not affect blue litmus. ¢ When zinc metal is added to sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas is liberated. This gas buns with a pop sound. Zn(s) + = 2NaOH(aq) ——> Na,Zn0,(aq) + Hg) Zine Sodium hydrox: Sodium zineate Hydrogen, ide 4 Hydrochloric acid neutralizes sodium hydroxide and the pink colour of phenolphthalein is discharged. HCM(aq) + =~ NaOH(aq) = —> Nala) + HOM, Hydrochloric Sodium hy- Sodium chloride Water acid droxide PROCEDURE Study the reaction of NaOH one by one with litmus solution, zine metal and hydrochloric acid. Note the observations and inferences in tabular form as given below. SSiNo[ Experiment “Observation Interference 1. | Litmus Test : © Take about 2 ml of sodium hydrox- | @ No change in colour. © NaOH has no effect on biue litmus Ide solution in a test tube and add a solution. {ew drops of blue itmus solution. © Take about 2 mi of sodium hydrox- ide solution in a test tube and add a © Ittums blue. © NaOH is basic in nature. few drops of red litmus solution. NaQH == Nat + OH Chemisty (Science) cs2, | Reaction with . f¢ Take about 2 mi of sodium hydrox- | @ White ppt. of sodium — © NaOH is an alkall ide solution in a testtube and add zincate wih the evolution of |g onaoHs2n— 5 NaOH « 2.3 small pieces of zine metal. hydrogen gas. saith inate © Hydrogen gas is confirmed 3. _ | Sodium Carbonate Test : © Take about 1 g of solid sodium carbonate in a test tube. Now add 1to 2 drops of dil. NaH solution in | __bonate dissolves in sodium the test tube. hydroxide solution. @ Warm the reaction mixture. © Sodium hydroxide solution does net place, except sodium car- react chemicaly with sold sodium carbonate. CONCLUSION # Sodium hydroxide turns red litmus blue but it does not affect blue litmus. ¢ Sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc metal and liberates hydrogen gas. During the reaction sodium zinc also formed. ¢ Sodium hydroxide is neutralized by hydrochloric acid. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is basic in nature. PRECAUTIONS (a) Drop zinc metal pieces in alkali carefully. = (b) Hy gas evolved may catch fire, so don’t bring fire near it. (c) Use smalll quantities of chemicals. (d) Handle NaOH with care as it can cause skin burn.