Winter 2025 MATH 1300

Problem Workshop Week 13 (5.1)

March 31 - April 4
1. For the following matrices, find all real eigenvalues. For each eigenvalue, find all eigen-
vector corresponding to the eigenvalue.
   
2 1 1 0 0
(a)
1 2 (e) 0 2
 2

1 −1 0
 0 2 5
(b) −1 2 −1  
0 −1 1 2 0 −4
  (f) 0 1 0
1 2 2 2 0 −2
(c) 0 2 −3

0 0 −1 
1 2 2

 
1 −4 (g) 2 1 2
(d)
1 −3 6 4 2

2. Assume
 that the matrix
 A has eigenvalues
  2, 1, 0 and corresponding eigenvectors are
1 1 1
v1 =  −1 , v2 =  1 , v3 =  −1 
1 0 0

(a) Evaluate A(v1 + v2 + v3 ).

(b) Evaluate A6 v1 .
 
1
(c) Evaluate A 0 .

0
(d) Provide an example of a matrix A with such properties.

3. Determine geometrically the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of the fol-
lowing linear transformations.

(a) Reflection through xz-plane in R3 .

(b) Counterclockwise rotation about the x-axis by the angle π/4 in R3 .
(c) Dilation by a factor of 5 in R2 .

4. Prove the following properties.

(a) If v is an eigenvector of a matrix A, then v is also an eigenvector of A3 + A2 + I.

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(b) If A is a square matrix, then A and AT have same eigenvalues.
(c) If λ is an eigenvalue of A, then λ2 − λ is an eigenvalue of A2 − A.
(d) If a square matrix A satisfies equation A3 = A, then eigenvalues of A are 0, 1, or
−1.
(e) If λ is eigenvalue of A and A is invertible, then 1/λ is an eigenvalue of A−1 .

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 Answers
1. (a) Eigenvalues are λ = 1, 3.
 
−1
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 1 are v = t, t ̸= 0; to.
1
 
1
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 3 are v = t, t ̸= 0.
1
(b) Eigenvalues are λ = 0, 1, 3
 
1
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 0 are v = 1 t, t ̸= 0.

1
 
−1
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 1 are v = 0  t, t ̸= 0.

1
 
1
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 3 are v = −2 t, t ̸= 0.

1
(c) Eigenvalues are λ = −1, 1, 2.
 
−2
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = −1 are v = 1  t, t ̸= 0.

1
 
1
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 1 are v = 0 t, t ̸= 0.

0
 
2
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 2 are v = 1 t, t ̸= 0.

0
(d) Eigenvalues are λ = −1.
 
2
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = −1 are v = t, t ̸= 0.
1
(e) Eigenvalues are λ = 1, 6.
   
1 0
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 1 are v = 0 s + −2 t, t+ s2 ̸= 0.
  
0 1
 
0
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 6 are v = 12  t, t ̸= 0.

1
(f) Eigenvalues are λ = 1.
 
0
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 1 are v = 1 t, t ̸= 0.

0

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 (g) Eigenvalues are λ = −2, −1, 7.
 
−0.4
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = −2 are v = −0.4 t, t ̸= 0.
1
 
0.5
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = −1 are v = −1.5 t, t ̸= 0.
1
 
0.5
Eigenvectors corresponding to λ = 7 are v = 0.5 t, t ̸= 0.

1
 
3
2. (a) −1 .

2
 
64
(b) −64 .
64
1
2
(c)  12  .
0
1 1 
2
2
2
(d) 1 1
−2 .
2 2
0 0 2
 
s
3. (a) λ = 1, eigenvectors of the form v = 0, s2 + t2 ̸= 0.

t
 
0
λ = −1, eigenvectors of the form v =  t , t ̸= 0.
0
 
1
(b) λ = 1 eigenvectors of the form v = 0 t, t ̸= 0.
0
(c) λ = 5, eigenvectors are all nonzero v ∈ R2 .
4. (a) Prove that if λ is an eigenvalue corresponding to v, then for every positive integer
k, Ak v = λk v.
(b) Prove that |A − λI| = |AT − λI|.
(c) Same hint as in (a).
(d) Prove that if (λ, v) is an eigenpair of A, then λ3 − λ = 0.
(e) Prove that if (λ, v) is an eigenpair of A, then A−1 v = λ1 v.