North Eastern Mindanao State University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Computer Studies
National Highway, Pag-antayan, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

COMPENDIUM OF SOLVED PROBLEMS IN

CALCULUS 1

In partial fulfillment
of the course requirements for the subject
MATH-2 CALCULUS 1

Presented by:
JOHN PHILIP E. MARAPAO
RUBI JORIENNE B. IRIGAN
JHUNRY BAGNOL
PRINCESS KYLA P. RAVELO
DANIELA JANE S. CARIATE
INTRODUCTION

In mathematics, limits are used to solve the complex calculus problems of various functions. It is mainly used to define differential,
continuity, and integrals. Limits accomplished a particular value function by substituting the limit value. Limits are very essential in a type of
anti-derivative known as definite integral in which upper and lower limits are applied. In this post, we’ll learn the definition and rules of limits
with a lot of examples. In calculus, a value that a function approaches as an input of that function gets closer and closer to some specific number
is known as limit. In other words, when a function approaches to some value to evaluate the value of limit of that function is known as limits.
Moreover, limits are important in calculus and mathematical analysis and used to define integrals, derivatives, and continuity. It is used in the
analysis process, and it always concerns about the behavior of the function at a particular point.

RATIONALE

Understanding limits is a key part of learning calculus, serving as a building block for tackling more complex mathematical ideas. As
students start their calculus journey, getting a solid grasp of limits helps them analyze functions and their behavior at specific points, especially
when traditional methods fall short. Limits also help bridge the gap between algebra and calculus, guiding students from solving simple
polynomial equations to handling more complex functions, such as rational, trigonometric, and exponential ones. By highlighting the
significance of limits in calculus education, we not only prepare students for higher-level studies but also equip them with the skills to tackle
real-life problems. Additionally, this compendium help students to have a comprehensive collection of solved problems related to limits in
calculus, aiding students in understanding concepts and techniques for evaluating limits.

CATEGORIES OF PROBLEMS:

BASIC LIMITS

PROBLEM 1

4 x −3
1.) lim 2
x →2 x +2 x +5

SOLUTION:

First, use direct substitution to evaluate the limit:

4 x −3
lim 2
x →2 x +2 x +5

Step 1. Rewrite the given problem.

4 x −3
lim 2
x →2 x +2 x +5

Step 2. Substitute.

4 ( 2 ) −3
2
2 + 2 ( 2 ) +5

Step 3. Simplify.

8− 3
4+ 4+ 5

5
¿
13

FINAL ANSWER:

4 x −3 5
lim =
x +2 x +5 13
2
x →2

Therefore, using direct substitution is possible in this case because the denominator does not approach zero as x approaches to 2,
allowing for a straightforward evaluation of the limit.

PROBLEM 2
2.) lim √
3 x−5
x →7 x−5

SOLUTION:

First, use direct substitution to evaluate the limit:

lim
√3 x − 5
x →7 x−5

Step 1. Rewrite the given problem.

lim √3 x− 5
x →7 x−5

Step 2. Substitute.

√3 (7)− 5
7 −5

Step 3. Simplify.

√3 (7)− 5
7 −5

√21 −5
2
√16
2
4
=2
2

FINAL ANSWER:

lim √3 x− 5 = 2
x →7 x−5

Therefore, using direct substitution is possible in this case because the denominator does not approach zero as x approaches to 7,
allowing for a straightforward evaluation of the limit.
 LIMITS OF RATIONAL AND TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

PROBLEM 1

2
2 x −5 x +2
1.) lim
x →2 − x+ 2

SOLUTION:

Step 1. Write the given problem.

2
2 x −5 x +2
lim
x →2 − x+ 2

Step 2. Try substituting directly if it will work.

2
2(2) −5 ( 2 ) +2 0
= indeterminate .
− 2+ 2 0

Step 3. Since direct substitution didn’t work, try factoring the numerator if it will work.

General Trinomial
2 x 2 – 5x + 2  (2x and x), (-1 and -2)  -1x + (-4x) = -5x
FACTORED FORM  (2x – 1) (x – 2)

Step 4. Rewrite the limit with the factored form.

( 2 x − 1 ) (x − 2)
lim
x →2 − x +2
Step 5. Cancel common terms.
( 2 x − 1 ) ( x − 2)
lim
x →2 −(x − 2)
Step 6. Substitute again.
( 2(2)− 1 )
−1

3
=−3
−1

FINAL ANSWER
 2
2 x − 5 x+2
lim =− 3
X→2 − x +2
2
2 x − 5 x+2
Therefore, factoring the expression before using direct substitution is essential in finding the limit of as x approaches 2.
− x +2

PROBLEM 2

sin (7 x)
2.) lim
x →0 sin (3 x)

FORMULA:

sin x x
lim =1 lim =1
x →0 x x →0 sin x

SOLUTION:

Step 1. Write the problem.

sin ( 7 x )
lim
x →0 sin ( 3 x )
Step 2. Try direct substitution.
sin [7 ( 0 ) ] 0
lim = indeterminate
x →0 sin [3 ( 0 ) ] 0

Step 3. Multiply the numerator and denominator by the missing terms to match the limit form.
sin (7 x) 7 3 x
lim ∙ ∙ ∙
x →0 sin (3 x) 7 3 x

Step 4. Rewrite the limit in a form that uses the formula.

sin (7 x) 3 x 7
lim ∙ ∙
x →0 7x sin3 x 3

Step 5. Apply the trigonometric limit.

sin (7 x)
lim =1
x →0 (7 x )

3x
lim =1
x →0 sin (3 x)
Step 6. Combine the results.
7 7
1 ∙1 ∙ =
3 3

FINAL ANSWER:

sin(7 x ) 7
lim =
X→0 sin(3 x ) 3

7
In conclusion, multiplying by the needed terms allows us to use the trigonometric limits, leading to the final result of .
3

ONE-SIDED LIMITS
PROBLEM 1

{
3
2 x −1 ; x<3
1.) f(x)¿ 2
x −4 ; x ≥ 3

SOLUTION:

Step 1. Find the given function from the right lim ¿.

+¿ 2
x→ 3 x − 4 ¿

 lim ¿ Direct substitute

+¿ 2
x→ 3 x − 4 ¿

 = 32 − 4 Simplify
 = 9−4
 =5

3
Step 2. Find the given function from the left lim 2 x −1. −
x→ 3

3
 lim 2 x −1
−
Direct substitute
x→ 3

 ¿ 2(3)3 − 1 Simplify
 ¿ 54 −1
 ¿ 53

Step 3. Identify if the limit exist or does not exist.

 lim f ( x )=Does not exist

x →3

Hence, the left hand limit and right hand limit is not equal. Therefore, the limit does not exist.

FINAL ANSWER:

RIGHT HAND LIMIT lim ¿

+¿ 2
x→ 3 x − 4=5 ¿

3
LEFT HAND LIMIT lim 2 x −1=54 −
x→ 3

 LIMIT DOES NOT EXIST

PROBLEM 2

{
3 w2 −8 ; y <2
0 if w=2
2.) f(w)
w2 −4
; w>2
w −2

lim ¿
Step 1. Find the given function from the right x→ 2
w −4 +¿
¿
2
.
w− 2

lim ¿
 x→ 2
w −4
+¿
¿
2 Factor out the numerator
w− 2

lim ¿
 x→ 2
w −4
+¿
=
2
lim ¿¿ ¿ Cancel out like terms
w− 2 x→2 (w −2)( w+ 2) +¿

w− 2

 lim ¿ Direct Subtitute

+¿
x→ 2 w+2 ¿

 ¿ 2+2
 ¿4

2
Step 2. Find the given function from the left lim 3 w −8. −
x→ 2

2
 lim 3 w −8
−
Direct substitute
x→ 2

 3(2)2 − 8 Simplify
 ¿ 12 −8
  ¿4

Step 3. Identify if the limit exist or does not exist.

 lim f ( x )=Limit exist

x →2

Hence, the left hand limit and right hand limit are equal. Therefore, the limit exist.

FINAL ANSWER:

lim ¿
RIGHT HAND LIMIT x→ 2
+¿ w −4
2
=4¿
w− 2

2
LEFT HAND LIMIT lim 3 w −8=4 −
x→ 2

 LIMIT EXIST

LIMITS AT INFINITY
PROBLEM 1
7
3 x − 4 x ²+1
1.) Find: lim 2
x→ ∞ 5 − 10 x
SOLUTION:
Step 1. Rewrite the limit expression.

7
3 x − 4 x ²+1
 lim 2
x→ ∞ 5 − 10 x
Step 2. Factor out the highest exponent to the given expression in both numerator and denominator.
7
3 x − 4 x ²+1
 lim 2
Factor out
x→ ∞ 5 − 10 x

 lim
2
(
x 3 x − 4+
5 1
x
2 ) Cancel out like terms
x→ −∞ 5 2
x 2 −10
x ( )
 5
 3 x − 4+ 0 Simplify the expression
lim
x→ −∞ 0 −10
5
3(− ∞) − 4
¿ Evaluate the limit
−10
5
3(− ∞) − 4 (− ∞)−4 −∞
¿ = = =+∞
−10 − 10 −10
FINAL ANSWER:
Therefore, the limit of the given expression is + ∞.

PROBLEM 2

2.) Find: lim

√7 +9 x
x→ ∞ 1 −2 x
SOLUTION:
Step 1. Rewrite the limit expression.

 lim √7 +9 x
x→ ∞ 1 −2 x
Step 2. Factor out the highest exponent to the given expression in both numerator and denominator.

 lim √7 +9 x Factor out

x→ ∞ 1 −2 x

 lim
x
(√ )
7
x2
+9
Cancel out like terms
x→ ∞ 1
x −2
x ( )
 lim
x→ ∞ 1
7
x 2
+9
√ Simplify the expression
−2
x

¿ lim
x→ ∞ 1
7
x2 √
+9

−2
x

¿ lim √ 0+9 = √ 9 =− 3
x→ ∞ 0−2 −2 2
FINAL ANSWER:
3
Therefore, the limit of the given expression is − .
2

INFINITE LIMITS

PROBLEM 1

lim ¿
1.) x→ −6
+¿
( x+7
−
5
x −3 6 + x
2
¿
)
Step 1. Separate and evaluate the limit. Then, identify the condition in the Theorem 3 by the result of numerator and denominator. Then, assist
the limit of the numerator if it is greater or equal to zero. Make the theorem 3 as the basis:

f (x)
I. If c >0 and if g(x) 0+ = lim =+∞
x →a g(x )
f (x)
II. If c >0 and if g(x) 0- = lim =−∞
x →a g(x )
f (x)
III. If c <0 and if g(x) 0+ = lim =+∞
x →a g(x )
f (x)
IV. If c <0 and if g(x) 0- = lim =−∞
x →a g(x )
 lim ¿ lim ¿
 
x→ −6
+¿
( x+7
2
x −3
¿
) x→ −6
+¿
( )
5
6+ x
¿

5
 ( −6 )+7 
¿¿ 6+(−6)
1
 Limit Exist 5
33  =Undefined
0
For the numerator and denominator for the first
For the numerator and denominator for the
evaluated limit.
second evaluated limit.
x + 7 = (-6) + 7 = 1>0
5 ¿0
2 2
x − 3=( − 6 ) − 3=33> 0 6+ x =6+(−6)=0

Therefore, for the first evaluated limit is 1>0 So, choose a value that is closer to -6 from
and . So, this side is finite.

Step 2. We choose a value that is closer to -6 from the right from the 2nd limit assisted.

Note that lim ¿ and lim ¿So, take x = -5.9 because it is closer to – 6 from the right.
+¿ +¿
x→ −6 5 >0 ¿ x→ −6 6 +x=6 + ( −6 ) =0.¿

 If x = -5.9, therefore:

 lim
x→ −5.9
( 6+5 x )
5

6+(−5.9)
5

0.1
 Therefore, the value of the denominator for the undefined limit is 6+ (− 5.9 )=0.1. So, 0.1¿ 0 and it satisfy the Theorem 3 no. (ii).
+¿¿
 Thus, 6 + x → 0 (Approaches to zero from the right).

FINAL ANSWER:

lim ¿
Therefore, the x→ −6 are equal to + ∞ .
+¿
( x+7
−
5
x −3 6 + x
2 )
¿

PROBLEM 2

( )
2
12+ x 17
2.) lim ∗
x→ −4
−
6 − x x+ 4

Step 1. Separate and evaluate the limit. Then, identify the condition in the Theorem 3 by the result of numerator and denominator. Then, assist
the limit of the numerator if it is greater or equal to zero. Make the theorem 3 as the basis:

f (x)
I. If c >0 and if g(x) 0+ = lim =+∞
x →a g(x )
f (x)
II. If c >0 and if g(x) 0- = lim =−∞
x →a g(x )
f (x)
III. If c <0 and if g(x) 0+ = lim =+∞
x →a g(x )
f (x)
IV. If c <0 and if g(x) 0- = lim =−∞
x →a g(x )

( ) ( x+174 )
2
12+ x  lim
 lim
x→ −4
−
6−x x→ −4
−

17
( )
2
12+(− 4) 
 −4 +4
6 −(− 4 )
17
12+ 16  =Undefined
 0
10
28
 Limit Exist
10 For the numerator and denominator for the
For the numerator and denominator for the first second evaluated limit.
evaluated limit. 17 ¿ 0
2
12+ x = 12 + (− 4) = 28 ¿ 0
2 x +4=− 4+ 4=0
Step 2. We choose a value that is closer to -6 from the right from the 2nd limit assisted.

lim 17>0 and lim x +4=− 4 +4=0.Let take x = - 4.01 because it is closer to – 4 from the left.
Note that x→ − −
−4 x→ 4

 If x = -4.01, therefore:

 lim
x→ −4.01
( x17+ 4 )
17

−4.01+ 4

17
¿
−0.01

 Therefore, the value of the denominator is − 4.01+4=− 0.01. So, -0.01¿ 0 and it satisfy the Theorem 3 no. (ii).
 Thus, x +4 → 0− (Approaches to zero from the left).

FINAL ANSWER:

( )
2
12+ x 17
Therefore, lim ∗ is equal to − ∞ .
x→ −4
−
6 − x x+ 4
 REFERENCES

SafeSearchKids. (2023). Limits in Calculus | Definition and Rules with Examples. Safe Search Kids.https://www.safesearchkids.com/limits-in-
calculus-definition-and-rules-with-examples/

BYJUS. (2023). Limits in Calculus (Definition, Properties and Examples). BYJUS. https://byjus.com/maths/limits/#:~:text=Limits%20are
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Almukkahal, R., Spence, L., Landers, M., Fiori, N., Fortgang, A., & Vigil, M. (2024). 2.5 Rational function limits. CK-12 Foundation.
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si=s0Tj8kpdOe92Ir5g

Pauls online notes (2022) Section 2.7: Limits at Infinity, Part I-Practice Problems
https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Solutions/CalcI/LimitsAtInfinityI/Prob1.aspx

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https://youtu.be/_U_w6RXAK9A?si=N9HAPpP-l-jwiXjN

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https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/problems/calci/infinitelimits.aspx

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