TESNEVINGIZ PRACTICAL BOOK ap Grassy Green (cr) SHORT SCHEME FOR DETECTION /CONFORMATION OF BASIC RADICALS ON OF CATIONS (BASIC RADICALs) SALT ANALYSIS SCHEME FOR BASIC RADICALS Salt (Note colour of Salt) Coloured Salts (Cr, Fe, Fe3*,Cu*) pt Light Yellow Blue Green Salt (Fe®) (Fe) (Cu) Non Copper (II) (Cu**) Y Colourless Salts (Ca*, Ba”, Pb, NH¢*, Zn**) (Apply Flame Test) CT 4 BrickRed Green (ca®) (Ba) No Colour (Pb?*, NHet*, Zn?) Apply Filter ash test — No Colour Green Ash 7 (Pb?*,NH«3*) (2n®) O.S. + NaOH White ppt. (Pb*) NHs gas evolve (NH.2) Crank) NaOH (aq) Blue ppt. Insoluble in excess Deane) Blue ppt. soluble in excess giving dark blue solution ONAN tg OS + Ke{Fe(CN)s] Chocolate brown ppt. Chromium (Il!) (Cr*) | Green ppt. soluble in excess | Green ppt. (0.5 + NA:POs sol. giving dark green solution _| insoluble in excess Pale green ppt. tron (tl) (Fe) | Green ppt.soluble in excess _| Green ppt. (OS + KSCN Insoluble in excess No red coloration _. {ron (It!) ( Fe’) Red brown ppt. Red brown ppt. ‘0.5 + KSCN Insoluble in excess Insoluble In excess Blood red coloration Calcium (Il) (Ca*) White ppt. ‘No ppt. Brick red flame Barium (Il) _(Ba?*) ‘No ppt. No ppt. Yellowish green flame ‘Ammonium (NH{) _ | NHs produced on heating OS +picric acide shake with NaOH which gives : Yellow needle like ppt. 5 dense white fumes with HCI — Lead (il) (P6"*) | White ppt. soluble in excess | White ppt. Insoluble in | 0.5 + 4:5 | | excess Black ppt. oh Zinc (il) (Zn**) | White ppt. soluble White ppt. insoluble in | Green Ash by fiter In excess excess test -_ |PeTENISIGA PRACTICAL BOOK Coloured Salt Radicals (FEDERATED) _en——ee Copper (Cu?+) 1340453 ey OBSERVATIONS pt Tafa T colour of salt was noted. Blue colour Flame Test Flame test was applied. Bluish green flame appeared. Filter Ash Test Filter Ash test was applied. No characteristic ash formed. | 2n**is absent. Cu? is indicated, Cu?* is indicated. RE . Confirmatory Tests OS. + NaOH Solution Blue ppt formed. Cu** is confirmed. O.S. + Ka [Fe(CN)s] solution Chocolate brown colour ppt. Cu* is confirmed. formed. | -| ily | 0.5. + NHAOH first in small Blue ppt. formed soluble in | Cu*is confirmed. I amount and then in excess. excess to form deep blue colour | CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS i) CuSO, = +-2NaOH > —_NaxSOx + Cu(OH): (lve pat) + Cur[Fe(CN)«] (Chocolate brown pet.) Hi) 2CuSOs + KalFe(CN)e] > —2KS0« + [Cu(NHs)4)SOs (Blue solution) il) CuSO, = + 4NH4OH > 420(OMNFSASTAMISTN PRACTICAL BOOK, Chromium (Cr3*) 1445001) OBSERVATIONS bias 14 fey Dry Tests: Identification of Radical | cris indicated "1 | Colour of salt was noted. 7 Grassy Green salt. | 2. | Flame Test 1 | | Flame test was applied. No characteristic colour of the | Cu*, Ca®*, Ba?*are absent, i lame appeared. 3 | Filter Ash Test | Filter Ash test was applied. | No characteristic ash formed. | Zn?*is absent. i i aid Wet Tests a Ree eRe 4 | Confirmatory Tests I - i) | 0.S.+NaOH solution | Dirty green ppt. formed, | Cr" is confirmed. | | soluble in excess of NaOH. | ' ii) | 0.5. + NasPOs Solution. Green ppt. of CrPOs | cr3+is confirmed. 1 iti) | O.S. + NazHPOs solution. | Green ppt. insoluble in acetic acid | Cr3* is confirmed. | iv) | 0S. + NHaOH soluti | Dirty green ppt. formed Cr3* is confirmed. (CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS i) CrClz_ + 3NaOH 3NaCl + Cr(OH)s (Dirty Green ppt.) ii) CrClz_ + NasPOs 3NaCl + CrPO« (Green ppt.) iii) CrClz° + ~NazHPOs 2NaCcl + HCl + CrPOs (Green ppt.) true iv) CrCl .+ 3NHaOH 3NH«Cl + Cr(OH)3 (Dirty Green ppt.)GeNNSSACEMISINA PRACTICAL BOOK =D a ervods (Re) OBSERVATIONS eT nof Radical aie ; a Colour of salt was noted. | Light green salt. Treltin— T Fe? is inch 2 | Flame Test |" isindicated, | | Flame test was applied. | No characteristic colour.of flame appeared. | sent. | 3. Filter Ash Test Filter Ash test was applied. No characteristic ash formed. | Zn?*is absent. | i | | [WerTests = ae ee eee aT — {4 | Confirmatory Tests {eee nenranars (ae —— |i) | 0.S. + NaOH solution | Greenish white ppt. formed. — | Fe® is confirmed. 1a | 015. + Ks{Fe(CN}e) | Blue ppt. formed | Fe2* is confirmed. ill) | 0.5.+NazCOs solution | White ppt. of FeCOsformed. | Fe’*is confirmed. iv) -| 0.5. + NH4OH solution. | Greenish white ppt. formed. | Fe®*is confirmed. | | | | | | CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS i) FeSO, + 2NaOH NazSOg + Fe(OH)z . (Greenish white ppt.) ii) FeSOs + 2Ka[Fe(CN)«] iii) FeSO, +” NazCOs iv) © FeSO, + 2NHsOH 3K2SO4 + Fes[Fe(CN)s] (Blue ppt.) Na2SO, + FeCOs (White ppt.) Luvs (NHs)2SOs + Fe(OH)2 (Greenish white pet)(OMSASTAMISInd PRACTICAL BOOK ap —_—_——— Ferric (Fe? baa tata OBSERVATIONS CLE ie Colour of salt was noted. Yellow salt. Flame Test Flame test was applied. No characteristic colour of |_| Cu?*, Ca®*, Ba*are absent, flame appeared. Filter Ash Test Filter Ash test w Zn** is absent. No characteristic ash formed. Tie EEE as applied Confirmatory Tests OS. + KSCN solution OS. + NasPOs solution OS. + KafFe(CN)6] solution 0S. +NaOH solution 0.5. + NH AKC + Car{Fe(CN)e] (White ppt.) ji) © CaCl + H2SOs > —-2HCl_ + = CaSOg (White ppt.) iii) 3CaCh + 2NasPOs > — GNaCl + Cas(POa)2 (White ppt.) Ww) Cac + 2NaOH > —.2NaCl + CalOH)2 (White ppt.)(GOMISSSHENISIA PRACTICAL BOOK) [15 J Barium (Ba?*) Sr Baa Ly COT) Dry Tests: Identification of Radical 1 Colour of salt was noted. Salt was white. _2 Flame Test 7 een hana} Coloured salts (Cu, Fe, Fe Cr?*) are absent. Flame test was applied. Yellowish green flame Ba?" is indicated appeared 3 Filter Ash Test Filter ash test was applied. No characteristic ash formed. Zn?* is absent. " Wet Tests e 4 — Confirmatory Tests i) O.S+dil. H2SO« White ppt insoluble in mineral Ba®* is confirmed. acids. ii) 0.5 + KzCrOs solution. Yellow ppt. insoluble in Ba** is confirmed. ‘CHsCOOH. White ppt. soluble in acetic acid 3,2» is confirmed. ili) 0.5 + (NHa)2C20+ solution. ae CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS i) BaClz + H2SO« >» —-2HCl + BaSO« ii) BaCl, + K2CrOs >» —-2KCl_ +, BaCrOs BaCl, + (NHa):CxOs 2NHaCl+ BaC20s iti) (White ppt.) (Yellow ppt.) (White ppt.)Taine ee Ca Pode Prats: dentification of Radical q colour of salt was noted. 2 Flame Test Flame test was applied. 3 - Filter Ash Test Filter ash test was applied Rie 8 4 Confirmatory Tests i) 0.5.+NaOH solution ii) 0.5. + Ke[Fe(CN).] solution. ji) 0S. + NH«OH solution. OBSERVATIONS White salt. No characteristic colour of flame appeared, Green ash formed. White ppt. formed soluble in excess of NaOH White ppt. formed White ppt. soluble in excess NHaOH HEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS i). ZnCh + +2NaOH Zn(OH) + 2NaOH i) ZnCl _—KalFe(CN)e] ji) ZnCh = + 2NHaOH BOTs eazy Coloured salts (Cu’*, Fe, Fer Cr?*) are absent. Cu**, Ca®*, Ba®* are absent. 2n** is indicated. Z2n?** is confirmed. ‘Zn?* is confirmed. Zn** is confirmed. > = 2NaCcl + Zn(OH)z (White ppt.) > — NarZnO2 + 2H20 — (Clearsolution, soluble) > 4Kcl + | Zma[Fe(CN)«] (White ppt.) > 2NHaCl + ZA(OH)2 (White ppt.)TIENISIN PRACTICAL BOOK, Ammonium (NH4?* a Colour of salt was noted. Flame Test Flame test was applied. 3. | Filter Ash Test Filter ash test was applied. Identification of Radical (Wet Test) Salt was white. | No characteristic colour of the | flame appeared. i No characteristic ash formed. Coloured salts (Cu, Cr**) are absent. Cut, Ca, Ba’* are absent. Zn?* is absent. Pb?*or NHa"* may be present NH«!* is indicated. 4 | 0.S+NaOH +heat [ NHs gas is evolved. 5 | Confirmatory Tests i) | oS+Nessler’s reagent (KaHgl) | Brown ppt. formed. NHa#" is confirmed. Ii) | 0S + picric acid solution. Yellow needle like crystals NH" is confirmed. formed. iy | 0S +acetic acid and sodium __| Yellow ppt. formed. NH*is confirmed. | cobaltnitrite solution. _ CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS 4. NH.CI + NaOH > Nach + H,0 + NH {smell of ammonia) i) Hat + K2Hgls > NH Heals (Brown ppt.) oH NH on NOs i ° f°: + iy) NMA + aH -trinit jo! ‘Ammonium picrate 2a) ho, | (retow pet) NOz > 3Nacl + (NHa)s{Co(NOz}e] (Yellow pet) iil) 3NHa* + Nas{Co(NOz)a]gga gISTISINTPRACTICAL BOOK gt dase) rr of salt was noted. | 2 | Flame Test Flame test was applied. Filter Ash Test filter Ash test was applied. 3 0.5 + NaOH + heat Identification of Radical (wet Test) | | =» Lead (Ph2+) bol STAN ao) No characteristics colour of flame appeared, No characteristic ash formed. No NHs gas is evolved. big Ce | Coloured salts (Cu®*, Fe®*, Fe™, Cr3*) are absent. Cu**, Ca?*, Ba?* are absent. Zn** is absent. Pb?*or NHq!* may be present nd NH,** is absent Pb?* is indicated. Confirmatory Tests OS +KzCrOs solution. OS + KI solution. OS + dil. H2SOs. WW) | OS + NH.OH solution W) [05+ Hs _[ Black ppe: Formed Yellow ppt. of PbCrO« formed. Yellow ppt. of Pbl: formed. White ppt. of PbSO« formed. White ppt. formed. HEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS 1) Pb(NOs)z + K2CrOs i) Pb(NOs)2 + 2KI Mi) Pb(NOs}2 + H2SOa §) PbiNOs}2 + 2NHsOH WV PRINOs)2 + HzS ebb 2KNO3; + PbCrOa 2KNOz; + Pbi 2HNOs + PbSOs 2NHaNOs + Pb(OH)2 2HNOs) + PbS Pb?* is confirmed Pb** is confirmed Pb** is confirmed Pb?* is confirmed Pb* is confirmed (Yellow ppt.) (Yellow ppt.) (White ppt.) (White ppt.) (Black ppt.)