Programme of Action 1992 Itis also known as National Policy of Education, 1992 Itis the modified poicy of 1986. ‘Acomrnittee was set up under the chairmanship of Acharya Ram Murthy in May 1990. ‘The aim of this committee is to review national policy of education and to make recommendation for its modifications, In July 1991 committee considered the report of ramamurti committee and submit a new report under the chairmanship of N. Reddy. This report was submitted in 1992 which is known as Program ofction 1992. Itis algo known as revised National Policy of Education 1992,Recommendations of Programme of Action 1992 S. Elementary Education, Nonformal Education and Operation Blackboard — ‘Two Large rooms that are useful in all weather Necessary toys & games materials Blackboards Maps, charte and other learning materiale, Early Childhood Care and Education - It laid importance on the early childhood care education, Contribution of Community - For the establishment and supervision of non-formal education centers the community will have to provide financial and other related contribution Appointment of Women in Instructors - The parents of giis students desired that their doctors should receive education only ‘tom female teachers and thal is why women instructors were appointed at different educational centersInstitutions for Performing the Responsibilities of Training - This has also been ensure that institutes like District Institute of Education and Training (DIET), National Council of Education Research ‘and Training (NCERT) and NTEPA should shoulder the responsibilities 3. Follow-up Programmes: Complete Literacy Programme will be started for the children in the age grou ‘of 9-14 Year. After literacy (education) they will be motivated to study further under the Follow-up Education Programme. Provision for Diversified Courses: Various Professional and Technical Courses will be organized for the students passing out from Non-Formal Institutes, * ._ Encouragement to Voluntary Agencies: Voluntary agency should be encouraged to come forward to take par in the program and through non formal education this work will be done faster and as such the weaker section of the society after receiving education can join the natonal mainstream.7:29 = ChatGPT > () Meaning of Education Education is a systematic process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes that help individuals grow intellectually, socially, emotionally, and morally. It is not limited to formal schooling but includes learning at home, in the community, and through life experiences. Etymologically, the word “education” comes from: + Latin “Educare” - to bring up, rear, or nourish. + Latin "Educere” — to lead out or draw out (suggesting drawing out potential from within). In essence, education is the process of developing human potential and preparing individuals to live a meaningful and responsible life in society. Characteristics ot cducation anything ap oe rc} =)7:29 PT o32) = ChatGPT > () Characteristics of Education 1. Lifelong Process + Education does not end with school or college; it continues throughout life. + Includes formal, non-formal, and informal learning. 2. Dynamic and Evolving + Education evolves with changes in society, economy, and technology. + It adapts to modern needs and global challenges. 3. Purposeful and Goal-Oriented + Education aims to bring all-round development of individuals—mental, physical, emotional, and moral. 4. Social Process + Education helps individuals become responsible citizens. v ; + It promotes values h. — cooperation, ap oe rc} =)7:30 Pod = ChatGPT > G + It promotes values like cooperation, tolerance, and respect for diversity. 5. Development of Critical Thinking + Modern education emphasizes questioning, reasoning, and problem-solving. 6. Transmission of Culture + Education passes on the cultural heritage of society to future generations. 7. Human Resource Development + It prepares people for various roles in the workforce and economy. Characteristics of Education in Contemporary India SPO la stale die) + Article 21-A makes education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14 NorH PT coz) = ChatGPT > () NEL kelm tele MRO srl a Ng India The nature of education refers to its essential qualities and how it functions in the current context. In contemporary India, education is undergoing significant transformation in response to social, economic, technological, and political changes. **1, Democratic in Nature + Education today promotes equality, justice, and freedom. + Emphasis on inclusive education for all sections of society—girls, minorities, differently-abled, and economically weaker Talo 2. Holistic and Multidisciplinary v + The focus is on the a..-round development anything ao 207:32 PT coz) = ChatGPT > () 2. Holistic and Multidisciplinary + The focus is on the all-round development of learners—intellectual, physical, emotional, social, and moral. + NEP 2020 encourages integration of arts, science, vocational subjects, and values. 3. Learner-Centric + Shift from teacher-centered to student- relat e-to Mc leali ile + Emphasizes active participation, creativity, and experiential learning (learning by doing). 4. Technology-Driven + Use of digital tools, online platforms, and smart classrooms is increasing. + Government initiatives like DIKSHA, SWAYAM, PM eVic \ and EdTech startups ee eS ee eats anything ao 207:32 al > GE = ChatGPT > G + Use of digital tools, online platforms, and smart classrooms is increasing. + Government initiatives like DIKSHA, SWAYAM, PM eVidya, and EdTech startups have widened access. 5. Value-Oriented + Education today focuses on moral values, ethics, and character building. + Promotes national integration, environmental awareness, and global citizenship. 6. Flexible and Adaptive + Multiple entry and exit points in higher education (as per NEP 2020) + Focus on choice-based curriculum and vocational education from school level. v7:32 PT ome O62) = ChatGPT > () 7. Focus on Skill Development and Piety eleyiiag + Strong emphasis on 21st-century skills like critical thinking, communication, digital literacy, and entrepreneurship. + National Skill Development Mission and vocational courses are part of this shift. 8. Decentralized and Participatory + Encourages the involvement of teachers, parents, local communities, and private partners. Oe sna Cm Melo Clicl: |g committees (SMCs) and public-private partnerships (PPP). 9. Global yet Rooted in Indian Ethos + Education promotes global awareness and competitiveness. ah ao 2@7:33 al = GB = ChatGPT > G The interdisciplinary approach in education is a teaching and learning method where concepts from multiple subjects or disciplines are integrated to provide a holistic understanding of a topic or problem. Instead of teaching subjects in isolation (like only Math or only Science), it connects them. For example: Pearle eRe Rt toe) combining science, geography, economics, and civics. + Understanding climate change through science (causes), geography (impacts), economics (cost), and political science (global cooperation). Importance of Interdisciplinary Approach in Contemporary India 1. Holistic Development + Encourages PT » see the bigger ap oe rc} fs)7:34 al > G&D = ChatGPT > () 1. Holistic Development - Encourages students to see the bigger picture. « Promotes well-rounded personality development—intellectual, emotional, ethical, and social. 2. Promoted by NEP 2020 + The National Education Policy 2020 advocates for multidisciplinary and flexible education + Colleges and universities will offer broad- based, multidisciplinary undergraduate programs with flexible curricula and multiple entry/exit options. 3. Improves Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving + Helps students analyze problems from multiple perspectives. + Encourages innovation and creativity. 4. Real-Life sys) ead ACen) ap oe rc} =)PERT all > GB = ChatGPT > G 4. Real-Life Application + Real-life problems (like pollution, poverty, gender issues) cannot be solved by one subject alone. + This approach trains students for real- See L liom 5. Breaks Subject Silos + Traditional Indian education often separates subjects strictly. + The interdisciplinary model allows more fluidity and integration, helping learners connect ideas across fields. Examples in Contemporary Indian Education Environmental Studies + Combines science, geography, ethics, and social studies to teach sustainable development. Na ao 2@