Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Argao National High School
Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

MASTERY TEST – 4TH QUARTER
SY 2024-2025

NAME: ___________________________________________ GRADE & SEC. ___________________ SCORE:__________

DIRECTION: MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of your best answer of your choice. Write the letter of your answer
on the space before the number.

_____1. What is a sampling distribution?

a. Distribution of a population c. Distribution of sample means
b. Distribution of a sample d. Distribution of a statistic
_____2. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means is also known as_______________.
a. Standard error c. Standard deviation of the sample
b. Standard deviation of the population d. Mean
_____3. Which of the following is a parameter?
a. Sample mean b. Population mean c. Sample standard deviation d. Sample variance
_____4. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means is equal to:
a. Population mean b. Sample mean c. Population standard deviation d. Sample variance
_____5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a sampling distribution?
a. It represents the distribution of the population c. It is based on a single sample
b. It has the same mean as the population d. It is used to estimate parameters
_____6. The sampling distribution of the sample means becomes more bell-shaped as:
a. Sample size increases c. Population size increases
b. Sample size decreases d. Population size decreases
_____7. As sample size increases, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means:
a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains the same d. Becomes zero
_____8. Which of the following is true about the Central Limit Theorem?
a. It applies only to large samples.
b. It states that the sampling distribution of the sample means is normally distributed.
c. It is only applicable to populations with a normal distribution.
d. It does not apply to means of samples.
_____9. What does the Central Limit Theorem state?
a. The mean of the population is equal to the mean of the sample.
b. The mean of the sample is equal to the mean of the population.
c. The sampling distribution of the sample means approaches a normal distribution as the sample size
increases.
d. The sample size has no effect on the shape of the sampling distribution.
_____10. The sampling distribution of the sample means is centered around:
a. Population standard deviation b. Sample mean c. Population mean d. Sample standard deviation
_____11. The standard error of the mean is a measure of __________________.
a. The variability of sample means c. The variability of the population
b. The variability of individual scores within sample d. The variability of the sample size
_____12. Which of the following is NOT a parameter?
a. Population mean b. Population standard deviation c. Sample mean d. Population variance
____13. What sample size is generally considered "large enough" for the Central Limit Theorem to apply?
a. 5 b. 15 c. 30 d. 100
_____14. What characteristic distinguishes the t-distribution from the normal distribution when dealing with small samples?
a. Smooth shape b. Symmetry c. Shorter and stouter appearance d. Mean of zero
_____15. Which term refers to a measure of position with data divided into 100 parts?
a. Median b. Quartile c. Decile d. Percentile
_____16. If a sample has n = 7 and a two-tailed test area (𝛼) of 0.05, what is the corresponding t-value?

a. 1.699 b. 1.729 c. 1.943 d. 2.447

_____17. Which of the following best explains why the Central Limit Theorem is important?
a. It shows that the population mean equals the sample mean
b. It lets us assume normality for large samples.
c. It ensures sample distributions are always normal
 d. It makes it possible to use small samples

_____18. Determine the t-value for a distribution with a degree of freedom of 20 and a left tailed test with 𝛼 = 0.01.

a. 2.528 b. 2.539 c. 2.861 d. 2.539

_____19. Which of the following situations requires using the z-distribution?
a. When the sample size is large and variance is known
b. When the population is skewed
c. When the sample size is small and variance is unknown
d. When comparing two unrelated datasets
_____20. A coffee shop claims that the average waiting time in line is less than 5 minutes. To test this claim, you observe
the waiting times of 30 customers and find that the sample mean waiting time is 4.5 minutes with a sample
standard deviation of 0.8 minutes. What parameter are you testing in this scenario?
a. Population proportion b. Population mean c. Population variance d. Population standard deviation
_____21. Calculate the t-value for the 90th percentile two tailed test with a sample size of 20.

a. 1.729 b. 1.833 c. 1.699 d. 2.086

_____22. What is the degree of freedom for a sample size of 12?
a. 10 b. 11 c. 12 d. 13
_____23. Given a set of sample scores: 23, 25, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 40, 45, what is the mean?
a. 28.5 b. 29.9 c. 30.5 d. 31.5
_____24. If a researcher sets the level of significance to 0.05 in a sample size of 5, what is the corresponding t-value for a
right-tailed test?

a. 1.729 b. 1.833 c. 1.699 d. 2.132

_____25. A company claims that their new product has reduced defects compared to the previous version. You randomly
sample 100 units of each product version and record the number of defects. What parameter are you comparing
between the two product versions?
a. Population proportion b. Population mean c. Population variance d. Population standard deviation

_____26. What is the t-value for the 97.5th percentile with a degree of freedom of 6 of a one-tailed test?

a. 2.447 b. 2.571 c. 2.132 d. 2.353

_____27. Which distribution looks almost identical to the normal distribution but is used for small samples?
a. Chi-square distribution b. Poisson distribution c. t-distribution d. Binomial distribution
_____28. What property does the t-distribution share with the normal distribution regarding shape?
a. Bimodal b. Symmetric c. Skewed d. Uniform
_____29. What term is used to describe numerical quantities that characterize a given population?
a. Sample b. Statistic c. Parameter d. Variable
_____30. Which of the following is NOT a common parameter in statistics?
a. Mean b. Standard deviation c. Variance d. Mode
_____31. What branch of mathematics is commonly used in everyday life and is essential for data scientists?
a. Algebra b. Statistics c. Geometry d. Calculus
_____32. Which theorem is considered the cornerstone of statistics?
a. Pythagorean theorem c. Fermat's Last Theorem
b. Central Limit Theorem d. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
_____33. What does the Central Limit Theorem state about the sampling distribution of the mean?
a. It approaches an exponential distribution c. It approaches a uniform distribution
b. It approaches a normal distribution d. It approaches a binomial distribution
_____34. In statistics, what does the given data set typically represent?
a. The entire population c. A prediction model

_____35. In the formula for computing probabilities in a sampling distribution, what does 𝑿̅ represent?
b. A subset of the population d. A hypothetical scenario

a. Sample standard deviation b. Population standard deviation c. Sample mean d. Population

mean
_____36. What is the formula for calculating the standard error of the mean?
a. σ𝒙̅ = σ / √n b. σ𝒙̅ = σ * √n c. σ𝒙̅ = σ + √n d. σ𝒙̅ = σ - √n
_____37. What does the standard error of the mean measure?
a. Degree of accuracy of the sample mean as an estimate of the population mean
b. Variability within the population
c. Degree of accuracy of the sample mean as an estimate of the sample variance
d. The mean of the sample distribution
_____38. In the formula for the standard error of the mean, what does σ represent?
a. Sample standard deviation c. Sample mean
b. Population standard deviation d. Population mean
_____39. To improve the estimate of the population mean, what should be done with the sample size n?
a. Keep it small b. Keep it constant c. Increase it sufficiently d. Decrease it significantly
____40. What is the degree of freedom for a sample size of 12?
a. 10 b. 11 c. 12 d. 13
____41. How do you determine the degrees of freedom for a t-distribution?
a. n −1 b. n+1 c. 2 n d. n
_____42. Find the t-score corresponding to the two-tailed test of 90th percentile with df =14 .
 a. 1.345 b. 1.761 c. 2.145 d. 2.624

For numbers 43-45. A company produces steel rods with a standard deviation of 2.5 cm in length. A quality inspector
measures a random sample of 50 rods, finding a mean length of 101 cm.

____43. What is the population standard deviation given in the problem?

a. 2.5 cm b. 50 cm c. 101 cm d. Unknown
____44. Which test should be used to analyze the sample mean when the population variance is known?
a. t-test b. z-test c. Chi-square test d. F-test
____45. Based from the problem, which formula is used to compute the standard error of the mean σ x̅ ?
σ σ n
a. σ x̅ = b. σ x̅ = c. σ x̅ = d. σ x̅ =σ ∙ √ n
n √n σ
____46. If the population variance were unknown and the sample size were small (n < 30), which test should be used?
a. z-test b. t-test c. Chi-square test d. F-test
____47. If a researcher sets the level of significance to 0.05 in a sample size of 5, what is the corresponding t-value for a
right-tailed test?

a. 1.729 b. 1.833 c. 1.699 d. 2.132

____48. A company claims that their new product has reduced defects compared to the previous version. You randomly
sample 100 units of each product version and record the number of defects. What parameter are you comparing
between the two product versions?
a. Population proportion c. Population variance
b. Population mean d. Population standard deviation