Computer Hardware

Fundamentals
Understanding the fundamental components of a computer is essential
for anyone interested in building, upgrading, or troubleshooting their
systems. This presentation will explore key elements like the CPU,
motherboard, and their roles in system performance and functionality.

by Kirstine Lindy D. Caimbre

preencoded.png
CPU: The Brain of the Computer
Core Function Clock Speed & Cache

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, acts as the brain of Clock speed determines the number of operations a CPU
your computer, executing instructions and performing can perform per second. Higher clock speeds generally lead
calculations. It's the central processing unit that governs all to faster performance. Cache memory stores frequently
actions on your computer, from basic operations to running used data for quicker access, enhancing overall speed.
complex software.

preencoded.png
Processor Types: Intel vs.
AMD

Intel AMD
Intel has long been a dominant AMD has gained significant ground
player in the CPU market, known in recent years, offering
for its performance and features. competitive performance at lower
Their processors are typically prices. Their processors are
found in high-end gaming PCs and popular choices for budget-
workstations. conscious gamers and
professionals.

preencoded.png
Motherboard: The Foundation
Form Factors Key Components BIOS/UEFI
Motherboard form factors define the Motherboards house essential The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
size and shape of the board. components like the CPU socket, or UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware
Common form factors include ATX, memory slots, expansion slots, and Interface) is a firmware that controls
Micro-ATX, and Mini-ITX. The choice chipset, enabling communication the boot process and manages basic
of form factor influences the size and between different parts of the hardware functions.
features of the computer case. system.

preencoded.png
Ports and Connections

1 2
USB HDMI
USB ports provide connectivity for HDMI ports connect to monitors
external devices like keyboards, for high-resolution video and
mice, and printers. audio output.

3 4
Ethernet Audio
Ethernet ports provide wired Audio ports connect to speakers
network connections. or headphones for sound output.
preencoded.png
Understanding the CPU
Cores
Cores are the processing units within the CPU. Multiple cores allow the CPU to
handle multiple tasks simultaneously, enhancing performance.

Threads
Threads are virtual processors within a core, allowing a single core to execute
multiple tasks concurrently. A core can have multiple threads, further boosting
performance.

Clock Speed
Clock speed, measured in gigahertz (GHz), determines the number of operations
a CPU can perform per second. Higher clock speeds generally lead to faster
performance.

Cache
Cache memory is a small, fast memory that stores frequently used data for
quicker access. Larger cache sizes can improve performance by reducing the
need to access slower main memory.
preencoded.png
Motherboard: The Connectivity Hub

Chipset
The chipset acts as the control center for the motherboard, managing communication between the CPU, RAM, and other
1
components.

CPU Socket
2 The CPU socket is the physical connection for the CPU. Different motherboards have different sockets compatible
with specific CPU types.

Memory Slots
3 Memory slots are used to install RAM modules. The number and types of slots determine the amount
and type of RAM the motherboard can support.

Expansion Slots
4 Expansion slots allow for the installation of additional components like graphics cards, sound
cards, and network cards.

I/O Panel
5 The I/O panel houses various ports and connections, providing access to external
devices and peripherals.

preencoded.png
BIOS/UEFI: The Boot Manager
Boot Process
1
The BIOS or UEFI controls the boot process, starting the computer and loading the operating system.

Basic Hardware Management

Firmware Updates
BIOS/UEFI firmware can be updated to improve
3
compatibility, fix bugs, and enhance performance. These
updates are crucial for ensuring optimal system operation.

preencoded.png
Key Takeaways

Understanding computer hardware is essential for anyone who uses, builds, or troubleshoots computers. By understanding
the core components like the CPU and motherboard, you can make informed decisions when choosing or upgrading your
system.

preencoded.png
Next Steps
is to learn more.

preencoded.png