10-22 A simple Rankine cycle uses water as the working fluid. The boiler operates at 6000 kPa and the condenser at 50 kPa. At the entrance to the turbine, the temperature is 450°C. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 94 percent, pressure and pump losses are negligible, and the water leav- ing the condenser is subcooled by 6.3°C. The boiler is sized for a mass flow rate of 20 kg/s. Determine the rate at which heat is added in the boiler, the power required to operate the pumps, the net power produced by the cycle, and the ther- mal efficiency. Answers: 59,660 kW, 122 kW, 18,050 kW, 30.3 percent. 10-36 A steam power plant operates on the reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 12.5 MPa and 550°C at a rate of 7.7 kg/s and leaves at 2 MPa. Steam is then reheated at constant pressure to 450°C before it expands in the low-pressure turbine. The isentropic efficiencies of the turbine and the pump are 85 percent and 90 percent, respectively. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid. If the moisture content of the steam at the exit of the turbine is not to exceed 5 percent, determine (a) the condenser pressure, (b) the net power output, and (c) the thermal efficiency. Answers: (a) 9.73 kPa, (b) 10.2 MW, (c) 36.9 percent10-48 Consider a steam power plant that operates on the ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with a closed feedwater heater as shown in the figure. The plant maintains the turbine inlet at 3000 kPa and 350°C; and operates the condenser at 20 kPa. Steam is extracted at 1000 kPa to serve the closed feedwater heater, which discharges into the condenser after being throttled to condenser pressure. Calculate the work pro- duced by the turbine, the work consumed by the pump, and the heat supply in the boiler for this cycle per unit of boiler flow rate. Answers: 741 kJ/kg, 3.0 kJ/kg, 2353 Ki/ke11-18 A commercial refrigerator with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid is used to keep the refrigerated space at —30°C by rejecting its waste heat to cooling water that enters the condenser at 18°C at a rate of 0.25 kg/s and leaves at 26°C. The refrigerant enters the condenser at 1.2 MPa and 65°C and leaves at 42°C. The inlet state of the compressor is 60 kPa and —34°C and the compressor is estimated to gain a net heat of 450 W from the surroundings. Determine (a) the quality of the refrigerant at the evaporator inlet, (b) the refrigeration load, (c) the COP of the refrigerator, and (d) the theoretical maximum refrigeration load for the same power input to the compressor.11-21 A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on the ideal vapor-compression refrigera- tion cycle except for the compression process. The refrigerant enters the evaporator at 120 kPa with a quality of 34 percent and leaves the compressor at 70°C. If the compressor con- sumes 450 W of power, determine (a) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant, (b) the condenser pressure, and (c) the COP of the refrigerator. Answers: (a) 0.00644 kg/s, (b) 800 kPa, (c) 2.03 Cold environment