Tutorial Sheet : 3

Course Code : BMAT202L

Course Title : Probability and Statistics

Module 3: Correlation and Regression

Easy:
1. Find the coefficient of correlation between industrial production and export using the following
data and comment on the results.

Product(in tons) 27 28 29 30 32 32 33
Exports(tons) 17 18 19 19 21 20 21

2. Calculate the correlation coefficient between X and Y from the following data

X 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71

3. Find the rank correlation coefficient between the ranks of variable X and Y

X 10 15 12 17 13 16 24 14 22
Y 30 42 45 46 33 34 40 35 39

4. Find the two lines of regression and coefficient of correlation for the data given below.
X X X 2 X 2 X
N = 18, x = 12, y = 18, x = 60, y = 96, x y = 48

5. The coefficient of rank correlation of the marks obtained by 10 students in Maths and Statistics
was found to be 0.5. It was later discovered that the difference in ranks in two subjects obtained
by one of the students was wrongly taken as 3 instead of 7. Find the correct coefficient of rank
correlation.

6. A study was conducted to analyze the relationship between temperature and the number of ice
creams sold. The following data was collected:

Temperature (°C) 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Ice Cream Sales 50 55 60 70 80 90 95

i) What type of correlation exists between temperature and ice cream sales?
ii) Calculate the correlation coefficient.
iii) Predict the number of ice creams sold when the temperature is 27°C.

7. Calculate correlation coefficient from the following results:

N = 10; x = 140; y = 150; ( x − 10)2 = 180, ( y − 15)2 = 215; ( x − 10)( y − 15) = 60

X X X X X

8. Find the most likely price in Bombay- corresponding to the price of Rs. 70 at Calcutta from the
following:

Calcutta Bombay
Average price 65 67
Standard deviation 2.5 3.5
Correlation coefficient between the prices of commodities in the two cities is 0.8
 9. If the two regression lines are x + 2 y = 5 and 2 x + 3 y = 8, find the correlation coeficient between
x and y.
Moderate:

10. Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation for the following data of prices and demand
(45,105), (54,98),(85,53),(91,49),(59,84),(95,40),(68,73),(29,59),(73,63),(72,52).

11. The joint probability distribution of ( X , Y ) is given below:

X \Y 1 3 5
2 0.10 0.20 0.10
4 0.15 0.30 0.15

Determine the correlation coefficient between X and Y.

12. Calculate the coefficient of correlation between x and y series from the following data:

x series y series
Number of pairs of observations 15 15
Arithmetic Mean 25 18
S.D. 3.01 3.03
Sum of squares of deviations from A.M. 136 138

Summation of product deviations of x and y series from their respective arithmetic means is
122.

13. The following table gives the frequency of scores obtained by 65 students in a general knowledge
test according to age groups. Measure the degree of linear relationship between age and general
knowledge:

Test scores Age in years

19 20 21 22
225 4 4 2 1
275 3 5 4 2
325 2 6 8 5
375 1 4 6 8

14. Obtain the rank correlation coefficient for the following data:

X 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
Y 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70

15. The competitors in a musical contest were ranked by the three judges A,B,C in the following
order

Rank by A 1 6 5 10 3 2 4 9 7 8
Rank by B 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9
Rank by C 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7

Using rank correlation technique, find which pair of judges have more or less the same taste in
music.

16. Given the regression equation y on x and x on y as y = 2 x and 6 x − y = 4 respectively and the
second moment of x about the origin as 3, find i) the mean of x and y ii) correlation coeffient and
iii) the standard deviation of y.

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 Advertising Cost (’000) 2 3 5 7 9 11 13
Sales Revenue (’000) 4 6 10 14 18 22 26

17. A company wants to analyze the impact of advertising expenses on sales revenue. The following
data was collected over 7 months:
Based on the given data, answer the following questions:

a) Find the regression equation of Y on X (to predict sales revenue based on advertising cost).
b) Find the regression equation of X on Y (to predict advertising cost based on sales revenue).
c) If the company spends 8,000 on advertising, predict the expected sales revenue.
d) If the company wants to achieve 15,000 in sales revenue, estimate the required advertising
expense.

18. If all the correlation coefficients of zero order in a set of p-variates are equal to r , show that
every partial correlation of first order is 1+r r .

19. The simple correlation coefficients between temperature X 1 , corn yield X 2 , and rainfall X 3 are:

r 12 = 0.59, r 13 = 0.46, r 23 = 0.77

Find the partial correlation coefficients r 12.3 , r 23.1 and r 31.2 .

20. The following zero-order correlation coefficients are given:

r 12 = 0.98, r 13 = 0.44, r 23 = 0.54

Calculate the multiple correlation coefficient treating the first variable as dependent and the
second and third variables as independent.

21. For an army personnel of strength 25, the regression of weight of kidneys (Y ) on weight of heart
( X ), both measured in ounces, is given by: Y − 0.399 X − 6.934 = 0 and the regression of weight
of heart on weight of kidneys is: X − 1.212Y + 2.461 = 0 Find the correlation coefficient between
X and Y and their mean values and also determine the standard deviations of X and Y ?

22. If all the correlation coefficients of zero order in a set of p-variates are equal to r , show that
every multiple correlation satisfies:
p
r 2
R 1.23 = R 2.13 = R 3.12 = p
1+r
23. The following table provides the years of experience ( X ) and the corresponding annual salary
(Y ) in lakhs.

Experience 1 2 5 8 11 12 13
Salary 1.2 2.5 2.8 4.5 6.2 8.3 9.5

Using regression analysis: 1) Estimate the salary for a person with 7 years of experience. 2) If
the salary is 7 lakhs, determine the corresponding years of experience.
Hard:

24. From the following table of bivariate frequency distribution, calculate the coefficient of correla-
tion between heights and weights of children.

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 Weight (in pounds) Height (in inches) Total
40–44 44–48 48–52 52–56 56–60 60–64
35–55 4 40 60 – – – 104
55–75 – – 24 88 12 – 124
75–95 – – – 8 32 8 48
95–115 – – – – 4 8 12
115–135 – – – 4 – – 4
135–155 – – – – 4 4 8
Total 4 40 84 100 52 20 300

25. The correlation between a general intelligence test and school achievement in a group of children
from 6 to 15 years is 0.8. The correlation between the general intelligence test and age in the
same group is 0.7 and the correlation between school achievement and age is 0.6. What is the
correlation between general intelligence and school achievement in children of the same age?

26. Find the regression equation of X on Y and Z given the following results:

27. Twenty-five pairs of values of variates X and Y led to the following results:

X 2 = 760, Y 2 = 449,
X X X X X
N = 25, X = 127, Y = 100, X Y = 500

A subsequent scrutiny showed that two pairs of values were copied down as:

X Y X Y
8 14 instead of 8 12
8 6 6 8
(i) Obtain the correct value of the correlation coefficient.
(ii) Hence or otherwise, find the correct equations of the two lines of regression.

28. Find the multiple linear regression of X 1 on X 2 and X 3 from the data relating to three variables
given below

X1 10 38 25 29 16 14
X2 12 37 18 28 15 21
X3 11 22 10 5 3 27

29. Find the regression equation of X 1 on X 2 and X 3 given the following results:

Trait Mean Standard Deviation r 12 r 23 r 31

X1 28.02 4.42 +0.80 – –
X2 4.91 1.10 – -0.56 –
X3 594 85 – – -0.40

where
X 1 = Seed per acre, X 2 = Rainfall in inches, X 3 = Accumulated temperature above 42°F.

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