1.

Inventors Particulars
No. of Inventors 06

Name of Gender Nationality Address Email

Inventor (s)
Dr Surjit Singh Male Indian Assistant Professor, Department surjit.singh@thapar.edu
of Computer Science &
Engineering, Thapar Institute of
Engineering & Technology,
Patiala-147004, Punjab, India
Parul Kumar Male Indian Pilani, Rajasthan,333031 pkumar3_be21@thapar.edu
(102103323)

Navya Sagar Female Indian Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, nsagar_be21@thapar.edu

(102103739) 247001

Radhika Jasra Female Indian Panchkula, Haryana, 134114 rjasra_be21@thapar.edu

(102103815)

Priyanshu Bhatia Male Indian Dehra Gopipur, Kangra, pbhatia1_be21@thapar.edu

(102118010) Himachal Pradesh 177101

Piyush Kaushal Male Indian Patiala, Punjab,147001 pkaushal1_be21@thapar.edu

(102118044)

1
 2. Prior-art (Before your invention – existing technology)
Details of prior-art/existing technology
In recent years, several technologies have emerged in the field of smart agriculture, particularly
targeting irrigation automation and field surveillance. Some of them are as follows:

1. Smart irrigation systems for commercial use, such as Rain Bird and Netafim

These sophisticated systems, which are primarily utilized in large commercial farms, are frequently
driven by sensors and GPS. They offer programmable scheduling and moisture-based irrigation.

2. Irrigation Systems Based on Arduino

Open-source irrigation automation systems that use Arduino boards and soil moisture sensors.

3. Camera-Based IoT Surveillance Solutions

IP cameras linked to cloud platforms are used in camera-based field monitoring systems.

4. Alert Systems Based on GSM

SMS alerts are sent by intrusion detection systems that use PIR sensors linked to GSM modules.

Disadvantages/problems associated with prior-art/existing technology

 Drawback of the commercial smart irrigation systems:

1.high price, which prevents small and marginal farmers from using them.
2. No integrated alerting or intrusion detection systems.
3. Limited adaptability due to proprietary software and hardware.
 Drawbacks of Irrigation Systems Based on Arduino:
1. Usually don't have remote access or cloud integration features.
2. Don't incorporate security features like alerts or motion detection.
3. RTC modules, which are less dependable over time, or manual scheduling are frequently needed.
 Limitations of Camera-Based IoT Surveillance Solutions:
1. Need a power source and high bandwidth internet.
2. In large or rural fields, it is costly to install and maintain.
3. Infrared motion detection, which is more effective for detecting nocturnal animal intrusions, is not optimized.
 GSM-Based Alert Systems' Drawbacks:
1. Absence of real-time visualization and control via apps.
2. The bandwidth and context of SMS alerts are constrained (no dashboard or sensor data).
3. No smart irrigation integration.

2
 Prior Art search

The following keywords reflect the core components, technologies, and functionalities of the invention and can assist in
locating relevant patent literature:

 Smart Farming
 IoT in Agriculture
 IoT-based Intrusion Detection
 Smart Irrigation System
 ESP32-based Agricultural Automation
 PIR Sensor Motion Detection
 Soil Moisture-Based Irrigation
 Network Time Protocol (NTP) Scheduling
 Blynk Cloud Integration
 Mobile App Controlled Farming
 Blockchain in Agriculture
 Federated Learning for IoT Security
 Real-time Intrusion Alert
 Deep Learning for Smart Farming
 LSTM and BCU-based Intrusion Detection
 CNN-based IoT Intrusion Detection
 Modular and Low-Cost IoT Architecture
 Dual Automation (Security + Irrigation)
 Remote Farm Monitoring and Alerts
 Time-Based Hooter Activation
 Edge Computing in Agriculture
 Privacy-Preserving Intrusion Detection
 Decentralized Security in IoT Farming
 Mobile Notification-Based Farm Systems

Title for your invention

Blockchain based Smart Farm Monitoring and Intrusion Detection System

3.Your invention

3
 Problems solved by your invention

1. Absence of Real-Time Intrusion Detection

Problem:
Unauthorized individuals or animals can cause damage to open farmlands, particularly at night. In
rural areas, manual surveillance is frequently unavailable or impractical.
Solution Provided:
The instantaneous detection of any movement around the crop perimeter through the deployment of
PIR motion sensors in five directions.
Conditional hooter activation at night effectively deters intruders, minimizing crop damage.

2. Ineffective and Manual Irrigation Techniques

Problem: traditional irrigation is that it is frequently time-based and labor-intensive, which can result
in either too much or too little watering.
Solution Provided: Water pump activation is automated through a relay by real-time soil moisture
monitoring.
Only when necessary, irrigation improves water efficiency and saves labor.

3. Excessive reliance on expensive or intricate systems

Problem: Small and marginal farmers cannot afford commercial smart farming systems because they
are costly and frequently call for sophisticated infrastructure or expertise.

Solution Provided: Makes use of inexpensive, readily available parts such as ESP32 and simple
sensors. Even in environments with limited resources, it is made to be modular, simple to install, and
easy to maintain.

4. Lack of Irrigation Management and Integrated Security

Problem: The majority of systems on the market concentrate on either automation (like irrigation) or
security (like surveillance), but not both on the same platform.

Solution Provided: It combines automated irrigation and motion-based intrusion detection into a
single system. Controlled by a central ESP32 microcontroller, which simplifies and streamlines
processes.

5. No issue with user notifications or remote monitoring

Problem: Farmers who are not on-site can't monitor their farm or receive alerts using traditional
systems.

Solution Provided: From any location with internet access, real-time data monitoring, manual control,
and mobile notifications are made possible by integration with Blynk Cloud.

4
6. A storage solution based on blockchain
Problem: Conventional farming data management uses local storage devices or centralized servers,
which are vulnerable to hacking, data manipulation, loss, or illegal access. Because of this, it is
challenging to guarantee the security and authenticity of vital farming data, including sensor readings,
intrusion logs, and irrigation records.
Solution Provided : Decentralized Data Storage: Data is dispersed among several nodes in a
blockchain network as opposed to depending on a single point of failure. This decentralization
safeguards

Description of your invention along with block-diagram/figures/flowcharts/photographs

 An ESP32 microcontroller-controlled smart irrigation and intrusion detection system is depicted

in the block diagram. A variety of inputs, actuators, and outputs are used in the system's
operation.
 A primary soil moisture sensor and a secondary humidity sensor make up the input section. They
both continuously check the soil's condition and provide the microcontroller with real-time data.
 A PIR motion sensor is also incorporated to help with security and surveillance by detecting any

5
 unauthorized motion close to the system.
 The ESP32 automates the irrigation process by triggering the relay module to control the water
pump based on the received soil data. The microcontroller uses a buzzer as an alert mechanism
when it detects motion. Real-time sensor readings are shown on an LCD (20x4) for output.

Additionally, a mobile application developed with the Blynk platform receives the data, allowing for
user alerts and remote monitoring. A blockchain ledger is incorporated into the architecture to
improve the system's security and integrity. This ledger ensures that all records are transparent,
traceable, and impenetrable by storing vital data like sensor readings and irrigation activity logs. This
system provides a complete and dependable solution for field monitoring and smart farming by fusing
automation with secure data logging.

The components of the invention are as follows:

1. ESP32 Microcontroller
2. PIR Motion Sensors (x5)
3. Soil Moisture Sensor
4. Relay Module
5. Hooter/Buzzer
6. Wi-Fi + NTP Time
7. Blynk Cloud

In order to solve the twin problems of field security and effective irrigation in agricultural settings,
this invention offers a comprehensive, Wi-Fi-enabled smart farm monitoring and automation system.
The system combines a number of sensors, cloud connectivity, and secure logging mechanisms with
the ESP32 microcontroller as its central processing unit to provide real-time automation, alerts, and
remote accessibility for contemporary farming requirements.

In order to identify any movement brought on by trespassers, like people or animals, the system has a
network of five Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensors positioned in various directions around the crop
perimeter. The ESP32 processes the input signal and determines the current time, which is
dynamically retrieved from an NTP (Network Time Protocol) server via Wi-Fi, when it detects
movement. The system automatically turns on a hooter, or buzzer, to act as an audible deterrent
against intrusion if the detection takes place during a user-specified nighttime window (for example,
7:00 PM to 6:00 AM). This enables dynamic, cloud-synced scheduling and does away with the
requirement for a separate Real-Time Clock (RTC) module.

Simultaneously, the system uses an analog soil moisture sensor to continuously check the soil
moisture content. As the soil gets drier, the voltage signal from the sensor output drops. The ESP32
triggers a water pump to irrigate the crops by sending a HIGH signal to a relay module when the
moisture level drops below a predetermined threshold. In order to achieve automated irrigation
control with minimal water waste, the pump is turned off once sufficient moisture has been restored.

6
The Blynk IoT Cloud platform serves as the remote monitoring and control interface, receiving all
real-time sensor data, such as motion status, soil moisture readings, and pump activation status.
Through the Blynk mobile application, users can access the system and get real-time alerts and
notifications for

Blockchain Integration

To ensure data integrity, traceability, and transparency, the system also incorporates a Blockchain
Ledger as a secure backend for storing critical operational events. This includes:

1. Sensor Readings (moisture levels, motion detection logs)

2. Irrigation Events (pump ON/OFF status with timestamps)
3. User Interventions via the Blynk app

To prevent unwanted alterations or tampering, every record is hashed and stored in the blockchain
network in an unchangeable manner. This feature is particularly useful for future analytics, audits, and
dispute resolution (such as in shared farm ownership or government subsidies). Through the same
mobile app, users who have been authenticated can access the blockchain ledger, which offers a
verified history of field activity.

This invention is ideal for small and medium-sized farms, especially in rural and resource-constrained
areas, because it prioritizes low implementation costs, scalability, and modular design. It efficiently
integrates blockchain-based data integrity, automation, IoT cloud integration, and security into a
single, coherent framework that minimizes human reliance, improves crop protection, and maximizes
water use. Additionally, the system's dependence on common hardware elements (ESP32, sensors,
relay)

Novel/New Features of your invention

A number of innovative features set the suggested IoT-based smart security and irrigation system
apart from other agricultural technologies. Particularly for low-cost, scalable, and integrated solutions
appropriate for small- and mid-sized farms, these features fill gaps in the precision farming space. The
following are the main features that set this invention apart:

1. Combining Time-Dependent Control Logic with Intrusion Detection

This system controls alerts by combining PIR motion sensors with a time-checking mechanism that is

7
synchronized with NTP. Although motion detection is a common feature, this design ensures effective
deterrence without continuous noise or needless alerts by only activating the hooter during user-
defined night hours (e.g., 7:00 PM to 6:00 AM). Without a physical RTC module, the real-time clock
logic is managed entirely over Wi-Fi via the Network Time Protocol (NTP), which lowers the need
for hardware and maintenance.
Novelty: PIR + dynamic NTP logic for time-restricted intrusion deterrence, which minimizes energy
consumption and prevents redundant alerts.

2. Dual Automation: A Single Platform for Irrigation and Security

This invention unifies security and irrigation under a single microcontroller, in contrast to the majority
of existing systems that manage either function separately. Motion-based field intrusion detection and
soil moisture-triggered irrigation are both managed by the ESP32. A more effective, economical, and
user-friendly design is the outcome of this centralization.
Innovation: A single, centrally-managed Internet of Things platform that integrates smart irrigation
and field surveillance without the need for external controllers.

3. Time-Based Logic Without RTC Using Network Time Protocol (NTP)

In order to maintain precise and reliable timing for time-dependent automation, such as hooter
activation, the system uses Wi-Fi to retrieve time directly from NTP servers. Conventional systems
that use hardware-based RTC modules are prone to drift or failure over time and need battery support.

Novelty: Reduces costs and improves long-term reliability by using network-synchronized time to
eliminate hardware RTC.

4. Manual Override Capability and Real-Time Mobile Monitoring

Users can use a mobile application to remotely monitor the farm thanks to integration with the Blynk
IoT cloud. In addition to providing real-time alerts, the system shows real-time data such as pump
status, intrusion detection, and soil moisture readings. Additionally, it enables manual control from
any location in the world, including turning on and off the pump.
Novelty: Enables real-time remote control via a smartphone app by fusing complete automation with
user interaction.

5. Scalable, Modular, and Cost-Effective Architecture

The system is inexpensive and easily accessible, having been constructed with common parts like an
ESP32, PIR sensors, a relay module, and a soil moisture sensor. Because of its modular design, it can
be upgraded in the future with additional sensors, actuators, or cloud features without requiring a
major redesign.
Novelty: An affordable and scalable Internet of Things system made for actual farm conditions,
particularly in regions with limited resources.

8
6. Integrating Blockchain for Safe and Unchangeable Data Recording
The use of blockchain technology to record important operational events, like soil moisture data,
motion alerts, and irrigation status, is a major improvement in this invention. To guarantee that the
data is unchangeable and verifiable over time, each event is safely time-stamped and added to a
decentralized ledger. In addition to safeguarding the records' integrity, this enables open auditing and
improved decision-making by drawing on past patterns. In precision farming applications where
reliable records are essential, blockchain helps prevent data manipulation or accidental loss.
Novelty: Secure logging of agricultural sensor data and system actions is ensured by integrating
blockchain for trusted, decentralized data storage.

Advantages of your invention

Functionality, usability, cost-effectiveness, and scalability are just a few of the many benefits that the
suggested system provides. Together, these characteristics make the invention a workable and
progressive answer to contemporary agricultural problems, especially for small- to medium-sized
farms.

The system's dual-functionality design, which combines automated irrigation and intrusion detection
into a single, small platform, is one of its biggest benefits. Installation, configuration, and continuing
maintenance are made simpler by this consolidation, which does away with the need for several
separate systems. Farm operations become more streamlined and efficient when a single ESP32
microcontroller is used to manage both crop security and water.

With real-time data acquisition, the system excels at making intelligent decisions. It can automatically
start activities like turning on a water pump or blaring a hooter because it continuously monitors input
from PIR motion detectors and soil moisture sensors. This ensures accurate, timely responses to
shifting field conditions while minimizing human intervention. Additionally, time-sensitive control of
the hooter is made possible by the use of Network Time Protocol (NTP) for time synchronization,
guaranteeing that it only turns on during user-specified nighttime hours. This method simplifies the
hardware and lowers long-term maintenance by doing away with the need for a physical Real-Time
Clock (RTC) module, which prevents false alarms during the day and saves power.

Hardware-wise, the system is constructed using widely accessible and reasonably priced parts like soil
moisture sensors, relay modules, PIR motion sensors, and an ESP32 microcontroller. This encourages
broader adoption of smart agriculture technologies by making the solution especially accessible to
farmers in rural or economically disadvantaged areas.

The addition of remote monitoring and manual override capabilities via the Blynk mobile application

9
is another significant benefit. Regardless of where they are physically located, farmers can use their
smartphones to view real-time sensor data, receive instant alerts, and control equipment like the pump
or hooter. Users who oversee several fields or are unable to be on-site constantly will particularly
benefit from this degree of ease and control.

By integrating blockchain technology, an extra degree of dependability and trust is added. Important
information is stored on a decentralized, impenetrable blockchain ledger, including timestamps, pump
activity, soil moisture readings, and motion detection logs. All system events are guaranteed to be
traceable and intact as a result. Blockchain technology improves data security and provides
unchangeable records for long-term decision-making, regulatory compliance, and auditing.
Additionally, it guards against data loss or manipulation, which is crucial in agricultural settings
where maintaining accurate records is essential to maximizing crop yields and resource utilization.
In conclusion, the invention addresses data security and transparency while providing a reliable,
affordable, and clever way to automate crucial farm tasks. Its combination of blockchain, cloud, and
IoT technologies offers a future-ready
farming.

10
 Limitations of your invention

These are the disadvantages related to environmental dependencies, hardware constraints, and feature
scope.
1. Dependency on Stable Wi-Fi Connectivity

 In order to carry out necessary tasks like:

 Time synchronization through NTP

 Connecting to the Blynk platform via the cloud

This could restrict the system's functionality in isolated or undeveloped areas with
inadequate internet infrastructure.

2. PIR Sensors' Limited Detection Range

 PIR sensors usually have a field of view of about 120° and a detection range of 6 to 8
meters.
To guarantee complete perimeter coverage, large or irregularly shaped farms might need
extra sensors or modules.

3. No classification of objects (human versus animal)

 The system is unable to distinguish between irrelevant motion (such as wind-blown objects)
and humans or animals.

False alarms could result from this, particularly during delicate nighttime hours.

4. Time and Irrigation Fixed Thresholds

 The current implementation triggers irrigation based on hardcoded threshold values for soil
moisture levels.

 Hooter activation is only possible during the night.

 Manual code adjustment is necessary for various crops, seasons, or soil types, which may be
difficult for non-technical farmers to use.

5. Single-Relay Output for Pump Control

 At this time, the system can only control irrigation in a single zone because it only supports

11
 one relay.

 A more intricate configuration involving more relays and logic would be needed for
irrigation that is crop-specific or multi-zone

12