PYTHON PROJECT: SNAKES AND LADDERS

MINOR PROJECT REPORT

By

SIMRAN KANUNGO
(RA2211003030243)

Under the guidance of

MR. MAYANK GUPTA

In partial fulfilment for the Course

of

21CSC203P – ADVANCED PROGRAMMING PRACTICE

in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MODINAGAR,GHAZIABAD
NOVEMBER 2023
 SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this minor project report for the course 21CSC203P ADVANCED PROGRAMMING
PRACTICE entitled in "PYTHON PROJECT: SNAKES AND LADDERS" is the bonafide work of SIMRAN
KANUNGO (RA2211003030243) who carried out the work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE

MR. MAYANK GUPTA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SRM Institute of Science and Technology

Modinagar
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our heartfelt thanks to our honorable Vice Chancellor Dr. C.

MUTHAMIZHCHELVAN, for being the beacon in all our endeavors.

We would like to express my warmth of gratitude to our Registrar Dr. S. Ponnusamy,

for his encouragement.

We express our profound gratitude to our Dean (College of Engineering and Technology)
Dr. T. V.Gopal, for bringing out novelty in all executions.

We would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Chairperson, School of Computing

Dr. Revathi Venkataraman, for imparting confidence to complete my course project.

We wish to express my sincere thanks to Course Audit Professors Dr. Vadivu. G ,

Professor, Department of Data Science and Business Systems and Dr. Sasikala. E
Professor, Department of Data Science and Business Systems and Course
Coordinators for their constant encouragement and support.

We are highly thankful to our my Course project Faculty Mayank Gupta, for his
assistance, timely suggestion and guidance throughout the duration of this course
project.

We extend my gratitude to our HoD Computer Science 2nd and my Departmental

colleagues for their Support.

Finally, we thank our parents and friends near and dear ones who directly and indirectly
contributed to the successful completion of our project.

Above all, I thank the almighty for showering his blessings on me to complete my Course
project.
 ABSTRACT

The project aims to design and implement a digital version of the classic board
game "Snakes and Ladders" using the Python programming language. This project
leverages Python's versatility and simplicity to recreate the engaging and timeless
gameplay experience for users. The implementation involves the utilization of key
Python concepts such as data structures, loops, conditional statements, and
functions to create an interactive and user-friendly game interface.

The project commences with the design phase, where the game's basic structure
is outlined, including the grid layout for the board, the positions of the snakes and
ladders, and the visual representation of the game components. The
implementation process involves the use of Python's object-oriented
programming (OOP) principles to define classes for the game board, player
tokens, snakes, and ladders. These classes encapsulate the game's functionalities
and enable efficient data management and manipulation throughout the
gameplay.

Furthermore, the project incorporates various algorithms to simulate the

movements of the players, the effects of landing on a snake or ladder, and the
progression of the game. The use of random number generation in Python
facilitates the rolling of the dice, which determines the number of steps a player
can move on the board during each turn. Error handling mechanisms are
implemented to ensure the robustness of the game, enabling seamless gameplay
even in the face of unexpected user inputs or system errors.

To enhance the user experience, the project integrates graphical user interfaces
(GUIs) through popular Python libraries such as Tkinter or Pygame, enabling
players to interact with the game through a visually appealing and intuitive
interface. The incorporation of sound effects and animations further enriches the
gaming experience, adding an element of excitement and engagement for the
players.

Overall, this project serves as an illustrative demonstration of Python's capabilities

in developing interactive and entertaining applications. Through its
implementation, users gain insights into the fundamental programming concepts
and methodologies necessary for creating engaging digital games, fostering a
deeper understanding of Python's application in the realm of game development.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO CONTENTS PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 LITERARY SURVEY
3

3 REQUIREMENTS
4

4 ARCHITECTURE AND 5
DESIGN
5 IMPLEMENTATION 7

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 9

7 CONCLUSION 12
 1. INTRODUCTION

The enduring legacy of Snakes and Ladders can be traced back to ancient India,
where it was known as Moksha Patam, a game used to impart moral and spiritual
lessons. Its transformation into a global pastime can be attributed to its intuitive
gameplay, fostering camaraderie and excitement among players of all ages and
backgrounds. Beyond its entertainment value, the game encapsulates essential life
lessons, emphasizing the unpredictable nature of fate, the virtues of perseverance,
and the significance of making wise choices.

1.1 MOTIVATION

The motivation behind developing the Snakes and Ladders game in Python is to
explore fundamental programming concepts, enhance problem-solving skills, and
have fun while doing it. Games provide a dynamic and engaging platform to
implement various algorithms, data structures, and logical constructs, making
them an excellent choice for learning and applying programming principles.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this project is to design and implement a fully functional
Snakes and Ladders game in Python. The game should be interactive, allowing
players to roll dice, move their pieces on the board, and experience the ups and
downs represented by snakes and ladders. Through this project, you'll gain hands-
on experience with user input, random number generation, conditional
statements, loops, and more.

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Your task is to create a console-based Snakes and Ladders game where two players
take turns rolling a six-sided die, move their game pieces accordingly, and navigate
the twists and turns of the board. The game board consists of numbered squares,
and certain squares are connected by snakes or ladders, influencing the players'
progress. The first player to reach or exceed the final square wins the game.
1.4 CHALLENGES

(a) Board Representation: Designing and representing the game board with
snakes and ladders efficiently.

(b) User Interaction: Handling user input for rolling the dice, making moves, and
ensuring a smooth gaming experience.

(c) Game Logic: Implementing the rules of the game, such as moving players based
on dice rolls, handling snake bites, and climbing ladders.

(d) Randomization: Utilizing random number generation to simulate dice rolls

and ensure an unpredictable game flow.

(e) Winning Condition: Determining and checking the winning condition,

signaling the end of the game.

(f) Code Structure: Organizing your code into functions or classes for better
readability, maintainability, and scalability.
 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Snakes and ladder is a game that has been around for a longest of time, unknown of
the inventor, it is believed the game was played at a time as early as 2nd century BC.
Since then, the game gained popularity for its playing system with vipers that
demotes the player’s piece contrasting with the ladders that promotes to higher
number plates. It is predated yet an interesting game for users to learn and be
entertained. And as for programmers, it is a great way to begin the venture in
coding, sequential processing of data’s and abstraction on different functions to
work together to form a unit.

After the popularity of computers sprang in the world, snakes and ladders was
transformed to a computer game which had the same characteristics, only with
automaton controlling the dice.

Here's a brief literature survey of resources and libraries related to creating a

Snake and Ladder game in Python:

1. Pygame:
Pygame is a popular library for creating games in Python. It provides functionality
for handling graphics, sound, and user input, making it suitable for implementing a
Snake and Ladder game.

2. Online Tutorials and Blogs:

Various online tutorials and blog posts cover the creation of the Snake and Ladder
game in Python. These resources often break down the game's logic and
implementation step-by-step.

3. Books on Game Development:

Some books on Python game development cover the creation of different types of
games, including board games like Snake and Ladder. These books can provide in-
depth explanations and code examples.

4. YouTube Tutorials:
Video tutorials on platforms like YouTube can be helpful, especially for visual
learners. Many content creators walk through the process of creating the Snake and
Ladder game in Python.
 3. REǪUIREMENTS

(a) Python:
Ensure that Python is installed on your system.

(b) Text Editor or Integrated Development Environment (IDE):

Choose a text editor or IDE for writing and running your Python code. The IDE used
for writing the game code is PyCharm (version 2023.2.3).

(c) Understanding of Basic Python Concepts:

Have a basic understanding of Python programming concepts, including variables,
data types, loops, conditional statements, functions, and basic file handling.

(d) Operating System: Windows (7 and above), macOS (10.12 and above), or
modern Linux distribution with a compatible web browser.

(e) Web Browser: Latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.

(f) Internet Connectivity: Stable high-speed internet.

 4. ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Designing the architecture for a Snakes and Ladders game in Python using
Pygame involves breaking down the system into manageable components with
well-defined responsibilities. A simplified architecture and design for the
game using modular approach:

4.1 GAME ARCHITECTURE:

(a) Game Class:

 Responsibility: The main class that orchestrates the game. It manages the game
loop, initializes the game state, handles user input, and updates the display.
 Attributes:
i. Game board
ii. Player objects
iii. Dice object
 Methods:
i. Initialize game state
ii. Handle user input
iii. Update game state
iv. Render game state

(b) Game Board Class:

 Responsibility: Represents the game board with squares, snakes, and ladders.
Handles rendering the board.
 Attributes:
i. Square layout
ii. Snake and ladder positions
 Methods:
i. Render the board
ii. Get the next position for a player

(c) Player Class:

 Responsibility: Represents a player with a position on the board. Manages

player movements.
 Attributes:
i. Current position
 Methods:
i. Move player
ii. Check for snake or ladder
(d) Dice Class:

 Responsibility: Simulates a six-sided die roll.

 Methods:
i. Roll the die and return the result

(e) Graphics and Animation Class:

 Responsibility: Handles graphical elements and animations using Pygame.

 Attributes:
i. Pygame screen
ii. Sprite images for players, dice, board, etc.
 Methods:
i. Render player movements
ii. Display dice rolls
iii. Animate snakes and ladders

4.2 GAME DESIGN:

(a) Initialization:
i. Create an instance of the Game class.
ii. Initialize the game board, players, dice, and graphics.

(b) Game Loop:

i. Implement the main game loop to continuously update and render the game
state.
ii. Handle user input during each iteration.

(c) User Input:

i. Listen for keyboard events to capture user input.
ii. Trigger dice rolls and player movements based on user actions.

(d) Player Movements:

i. Use the Dice class to simulate dice rolls.
ii. Update player positions based on the dice outcome.
iii. Check for snake or ladder encounters and adjust positions accordingly.

(e) Winning Condition:

i. Determine the winning condition by checking if a player has reached or
exceeded the final square.
ii. End the game and declare the winner.

(f) Graphics and Animation:

i. Use Pygame to handle graphical elements and animations.
ii. Render the game board, player pieces, and other visual components.
iii. Add animations for dice rolls, player movements, and snake/ladder
interactions.
 5. IMPLEMENTATION

The development of the Python Snakes and Ladders game was executed with a
focus on code modularity and the utilization of robust technologies. This section
provides an overview of the Python libraries,tools, frameworks and programming
languages used in the development process.

5.1 Integrated Development Environment:

Integrated Development Environment (IDE): PyCharm version 2023.2.3 is used. It

is developed by JetBrains, PyCharm offers a powerful and user-friendly
environment for writing, debugging, and testing Python code. Known for its robust
features, PyCharm provides intelligent code completion, syntax highlighting, and a
variety of built-in tools for version control, testing, and web development.

5.2 Programming Languages and Technologies:

a) Python: The core logic of the application was implemented using Python,
leveraging its object-oriented features for code organization and
maintainability.

b) PIP Installs Packages (PIP): It is a simple tool that installs, reinstalls, or

uninstalls PyPI packages with one simple command: pip. It is a package
management system used to install and manage software packages written in
Python.

c) Libraries:

i. Pygame:

Pygame is a popular library that is commonly used for creating video games and
multimedia applications in Python. It provides functionalities for handling
multimedia elements such as graphics and sound. For beginners, Pygame serves as
an excellent introduction to basic game development concepts. It simplifies tasks
like drawing shapes, images, and text on the screen. You can also create
animations and handle user input easily

ii. Random:

The 'random' library is a built-in module in Python that provides functions for
generating random numbers and making random selections.. This library enables
you to generate random integers, floats, and sequences, which can be useful for
simulating real-world scenarios, creating games with unpredictable elements, and
shuffling data.
iii. Time:

The 'time' module is another built-in module in Python that facilitates time- related
functionalities. It allows you to work with time values, measure program execution
time, and create time-related delays.

5.3 Testing and Debugging:

Details the testing methodologies employed, including unit tests, playtesting, and
bug identification.

Describes the debugging process, including resolving issues, ensuring the game's
stability and smooth functionality.
 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The implementation of the Snakes and Ladders game using Python and Pygame has
resulted in a fully functional and engaging gaming experience. The game successfully
incorporates essential features, including a graphical game board, player
movements, dice rolls, and interactive elements such as snakes and ladders. Players
can navigate through the board, experiencing the thrill of climbing ladders and the
setback of encountering snakes.

The game provides an intuitive interface for user interaction, with clear
instructions for rolling the dice and making moves. The graphical elements,
including the game board, player pieces, and animations, contribute to the visual
appeal of the game. Additionally, sound effects enhance the overall gaming
atmosphere, adding excitement to dice rolls and signaling significant events like
climbing ladders or encountering snakes.

Some output snippets of the game are as follows:

OUTPUT IF BLUE WINS:
OUTPUT IF RED WINS:
 7. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the development of the Snakes and Ladders game in Python for the
Advanced Programming course has been a challenging yet immensely rewarding
experience. Throughout this project, we have utilized various advanced
programming concepts and techniques to create a functional and interactive game
that encompasses key aspects of object-oriented programming, algorithm design,
and graphical user interface development.

One of the primary objectives of this project was to demonstrate a comprehensive

understanding of object-oriented programming (OOP) principles. By implementing
classes and objects to represent the game board, players, and game mechanics, we
have successfully encapsulated the game's functionalities and ensured a modular
and maintainable code structure. This approach has enabled us to achieve code
reusability, improve scalability, and enhance the overall readability of the program.

Furthermore, the implementation of a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI)

using the Pygame library has significantly enhanced the visual appeal and
interactivity of the game. By leveraging Pygame's powerful features for rendering
graphics, handling user inputs, and managing game events, we have created an
engaging and immersive gaming interface that caters to the preferences and
expectations of modern-day players.

In conclusion, the Snakes and Ladders project in Python has not only served as a
testament to our proficiency in advanced programming concepts but has also
provided us with a practical insight into the complexities of software development.
By combining theoretical knowledge with hands-on implementation, we have
acquired valuable skills and expertise that are essential for addressing real-world
programming challenges and fostering continuous personal and professional
growth in the field of computer science and software engineering.
 8. REFERENCES

 Pygame: "Pygame v2.6.0 documentation"

https://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/pygame.html

 PIP: “PIP documentation v23.3.1”

https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/

 PyCharm: “JetBrains PyCharm documentation”

https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/quick-
start-guide.html