Guidelines for Research Project and Seminar

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1 Introduction
Research Projects offer students the opportunity to do original research or advanced
scholarship in a field relevant to their study and of particular interest to them. Students will
conduct an extensive research project, which they will then analyse in a formal dissertation.

Students may be encouraged to develop research-based projects that have external

contacts/clients and that allow students to best further their portfolio and employability. This
module represents the culmination of their studies preparing students for their postgraduate
award and for further study or for employment beyond university.

2 Module Aims
Masters’ degrees are awarded to students who have demonstrated:

• a systematic understanding of knowledge, and a critical awareness of current problems

and/or new insights, much of which is at, or informed by, the forefront of their academic
discipline, field of study, or area of professional practice;
• a comprehensive understanding of techniques applicable to their own research or
advanced scholarship;
• originality in the application of knowledge, together with a practical understanding of
how established techniques of research and enquiry are used to create and interpret
knowledge in the discipline;
• conceptual understanding that enables the student:
o to evaluate critically current research and advanced scholarship in the
discipline; and
o to evaluate methodologies and develop critiques of them and, where
appropriate, to propose new hypotheses.

3 Module Learning Outcomes

On completion of this module, student should be able to:

1. Agree realistic and coherent objectives for a project requiring research and advanced
scholarship in a subject area that is appropriate to the student’s award
2. Systematically and effectively apply appropriate research methods in pursuit of a clear and
coherent set of objectives.
3. Demonstrate a rigorous appreciation of the strengths and limitations of the research
methods, tools and/or techniques employed and provide a substantial account of the
academic, ethical and technical issues encountered in the research.
4. Critically evaluate the evidence collected as part of the research process and reflect upon
the relationship between evidence of different types and/or from different sources.

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5. Provide and justify a balanced set of conclusions that draw upon the evidence collected,
address the particular research questions within the student’s chosen field of study and
relate them to existing knowledge or state of the art.
6. Create a finished piece of work that is accessible to an academic audience (and, if relevant,
to a professional audience), which complies with previously defined criteria, and which
complies with the IEEE referencing system.

4 Module Learning Activities

University and corresponding colleges may conduct induction classes on title selection,
literature reviews, research methodologies and referencing systems/ tools for real world
problems. Students are expected to use the knowledge and skills gained from the Research
Methodology class and above-mentioned induction classes and put them to fruition in their
own research project. students will carry out their project and dissertation work under the
direction of an academic supervisor. And thus, they are advised to maintain regular contact
with their supervisor.

5 Supervisors
Students have a significant level of freedom in steering their dissertation (indeed, one of the
objectives is to allow students to demonstrate such management skills). However, their
supervisor will seek to ensure that unprofitable or intractable avenues are not pursued and that
students are keeping to targets. Ultimately it is their responsibility to meet the required learning
outcomes.

Students should meet with this supervisor at least four times during their studies. It is strongly
advised to arrange a meeting involving both supervisors, early in the dissertation process, with
a view to getting agreement from all parties that their proposed project is a sound one,
appropriate to Masters Level.

Student shall submit one proposal of their research project to university or related school/
college. University or c related school/ college will approve, disapprove or suggest
modification in submitted proposal and hence allocate supervisors.

Students are expected to:

• Be self-motivated and independent learners completing research tasks independently
• Arrange and attend regular meetings with their supervisors to discuss progress and
research ideas and issues
6 Ethics
An important reminder from the Research project: students must have already completed an
ethics release form, via the online system, and had it approved. students should consider any
ethical considerations carefully and discuss them with their supervisor. It may be that their
project cannot go ahead if it impacts on other people. Ethical approval must be confirmed
before students can commence any data collection. If their project changes significantly from
that which approval was awarded students must submit a new form for approval.

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7 Research Project types:
There are essentially two types of research project:

• A project based around a product, e.g. some software, hardware or creative artefact.
If students opt for this type of project, it is important to ensure that their product is
sufficiently challenging for a Masters award, and that students incorporate a substantial
research element into their project; it needs to go beyond merely a development effort.

• A project based around an explorative study, e.g. conducting literatures review,

finding gaps and proposing new frameworks, for example: framework for
interoperability in digital wallets.

8 Documentation guidelines
This guideline is a guide for the preparation of an acceptable research project manuscript.
Moreover, this guideline aims at maintaining uniformity in the thesis being submitted. Hence,
all the students are advised to strictly follow the guidelines right from the submission of
proposal of research project, draft for pre-defence and final submission. The research
committee at university or respective school/college has all the rights to reject the manuscript
upon a failure of the students to follow the guidelines.

8.1 Documentation format for Proposal

1. Order and content of the thesis proposal
1.1 Cover page/Title in preliminaries
1.1.1 Cover page or title page
It should contain the title of research proposal,
student’s name, University registration number, name
of school/college/university, and date/year of
submission.
1.1.2 Table of contents (with titles and page numbers)
This page provides information to the readers about the
composition of the whole proposal as well as location
of different sections and sub-sections in the thesis.
Hence, this section should include the chapter, section
and sub-section headings with appropriate page number
(See Appendix 10).
1.1.3 List of tables (with titles and page numbers)
This page provides information to the readers about the
details of the tables provided in the thesis along with
their location (page numbers). Numbering of tables
should reflect the chapter the table belongs to (See
Appendix 11). e.g. Table
3.4 refers to fourth table of chapter 3.
1.1.4 List of figures (with titles and page numbers)
This page provides information to the readers about the

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 details of the figures provided in the thesis along with
their location (page numbers). Numbering of figures
should reflect the chapter the figure belongs to (See
Appendix 12). e.g. Fig. 3.4 refers to fourth figure of
chapter 3.
1.1.5 Abbreviations/Acronyms
This section provides the list of abbreviation and
acronyms used in the thesis alongwith their details. It
should be presented in alphabetical order (See
Appendix 15).

1.1.6 Units and conversions

This section provides the list of units and conversions,
if applicable, used in the thesis along with their details.
It should be presented in alphabetical order. (Similaras
Appendix 15)

1.2 INTRODUCTION
This chapter should discuss the background of the research issues
being dealt, statement of the problem, research questions, and
research objectives, significance/rationale of the study, and scope
and limitation of the study. Introduction must revolve around the
research issue to be dealt by the research project.

1.2.1 Background

Brief background of the issues should be discussed under the

background section. It should be done in the form of brief literature
review of related literatures, which is essential to build statement of
the problem, research question, and research objectives in the later
part of INTRODUCTION chapter.

1.2.2 Statement of the problem

This section must indicate what the problem is, and why and how it
is a problem. Similarly, necessity to conduct the research should be
discussed. It should be supported by data or evidences. This section
should be well connected with background section and as brief as
possible.

1.2.3 Research questions

Based on the statement of the problem research question should be

formulated. Research questions should clearly state what type of
answers the research is looking for.

1.2.4 Research objectives

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This section should clearly mention the overall and specific goal of
the research. Usually objective is presented as general objective and
specific objectives. The general objective of research should be only
one and should be in line with the title. To meet the general
objective, several specific objectives could be set. Specific
objectives should be in line with research questions and are more or
less equal to numbers of research questions.

1.2.5 Significance/rationale of the study

The importance of the proposal research should be stated in this

section, in terms of potential beneficiaries and the way they will be
benefitted. The section should focus on justifying the topic of
proposed research.

1.1.1 Limitation and scope of the study

Researcher should write clearly the limitation and scope of the

proposed research.

1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is basically a survey of published materials on the topic of

the interest authored by accredited scholars and researchers. It is quite
important to uncover what is already known in the body of knowledge prior
to initiating any research. Hence, it is a crucial endeavor for any academic
research in theoretical and conceptual progress. Thus, it helps to situate your
research in the context of what is already known about the topic and find the
gap that the research will bridge. It is encouraged to review critically at
least 10 relevant articles published in peer- reviewed journals during the
literature review process.

1.4 METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the discussion about the way the research will be
conducted to meet the stated objectives. The methodology should be
summarized in the form of block diagram/flowchart. Selected methodology
should be discussed in details along with the justification of selecting the
methodology. It should include research design (applied research,
experimental research, exploratory research), research approaches
(qualitative, quantitative), study area, study population, feature selection
(and selection methods), data size, data source, methods of data collection,

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data augmentation, evaluation methods, specific computer programs to be

used or developed and data analysis approaches and tools.

1.5 TENTATIVE TIME SCHEDULE

The research proposal should include the proposed time schedule of

respective activities.

1.6 BUDGET (If applicable)

The research proposal should include the tentative budget (optional) for
the research. The budget should be allocated in respective activities.

1.7 REFERENCE

The arguments in the thesis should be supported by proper evidences. This

needs to be done by referring to earlier publications such as patents,
journals, books, reports, thesis and other materials. Hence, referencing
gives credit to the authors or organizations for using their work in your
thesis. It provides the reader with evidence of the breadth and depth of
researchers reading and enables readers to locate the references easily. It
is strongly recommended to follow the IEEE referencing format for the
documents submitted to university.

Note: The students are strongly advised to familiarize themselves with the concept of
plagiarism and should maintain plagiarism under 20%.

8.2 Documentation format for final submission

1. Order and content of the thesis

1.1 Pretext (Preliminary pages)–It should contain the following headings:

1.1.1 Cover page:

This page should give information about title of the thesis, name of author,
name of the institute, and month and year of thesis completion. For the
convenience to easily locate the thesis while staked, information on title,
author and year of graduation must appear in the side of bound thesis.
Information on font type, font size, font color, page margin and spacing
between the lines is provided in the sample supplied as Appendix 1 and 2.

1.1.2 Title page:

Pagination should start from the title page, but should not appear in the
page. All the information regarding this page is provided in Appendix 3.

1.1.3 Dedication (Optional):

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This is an optional page. Dedication should be brief and centered from all
the ends on the page. No heading is used in the dedication page and number
of this page should be “ii”. Dedication is not listed in the “Table of
contents”. (See Appendix 4).

1.1.4 Declaration:

This section of thesis declares that your study is based on original research
works, and related works on the topic being used in the thesis is duly
acknowledged through proper citation and referencing. In addition, this
section is also meant for taking responsibility by the student for any error
and authenticity of the data used in the thesis (See Appendix 5). In the case
there is dedication, pagination of this page would be “iii” otherwise it
should be “ii”.

1.1.5 Recommendation

This is the recommendation to be made by the supervisor. It mentions that

you have prepared and submitted the thesis through the supervision of your
supervisor (See Appendix 6). By signing this page, It is expected supervisor
assures the quality of your thesis to be sufficient enough to meet the
requirement set by the University.

1.1.6 Certificate

This page certifies that you have successfully completed the thesis work
and eligible for acceptance. This page is to be signed by the external
examiner, supervisor (if there is co-supervisor, signed by co-supervisor as
well) and Head ofDepartment/Director/Principal of faculty/School/College
(See Appendix 7). This page should be printed in college/school letter head
with college/school official stamp

1.1.1 Acknowledgements

This section is to express gratitude to all the individuals or the institutions

that helped you to successfully complete your research. Usually, supervisor
and co- supervisor are acknowledged first followed by funding agencies, if
any. Similarly, professors, classmates/ friends, staffs of the school/ college/
institute/ university, from whom you received
guidance/suggestions/support, should also be acknowledged. In the case
you have conducted field survey respondents should be acknowledged for
their time consumed during the field survey as well as the information. You
can also acknowledge your family members and relatives for their patience,
support, dream whatsoever (See Appendix 8).

1.1.2 Abbreviations/Acronyms

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This section provides the list of abbreviation and acronyms used in the
thesis along with their details. It should be presented in alphabetical order
(See Appendix 15).

1.1.3 Units and conversions

This section provides the list of units and conversions, if applicable, used
in the thesis along with their details. It should be presented in alphabetical
order (Similar to Appendix 15).

1.1.4 Abstract

Abstract is compulsory. The heading ABSTRACT, in capital letters and

bold font should be centered between the left and right margins, without
punctuating or underlining. Four blank spaces should be maintained before
starting the paragraph (See Appendix 9). Abstract should present a succinct
account of the research. It should contain a statement of the research
problem, methods, results, discussions, conclusions and recommendation,
but in brief, limited within a page or two pages. Hence, it should be a
concise reflection of the entire study so that it functions chiefly as a guide
for students and scholars surveying research in their field. It should be
written in simple English. Internal heading, citation(s), mathematical
formula(s), diagrams/figure(s), table(s), and other illustrative material(s)
must be avoided in abstract. The abstract should be concise within 300-350
words limit.

2. Keywords:

3-7 keywords based on the research should be kept in the page of abstract
below the main text of the abstract.

2.1.1 Table of contents (with title and page number)

This page provides information to the readers about the composition of the
whole thesis as well as location of different sections and sub-sections in the
thesis. Hence, this section of the thesis should include the chapter, section
and sub-section headings with appropriate page number (See Appendix 10).
It should be placed next to the abstract sheet

1.1.1 List of tables (with title and page number)

This page provides information to the readers about the details of the tables
provided in the thesis along with their location (page numbers). Numbering
of tables should reflect on which chapter the table belongs to (See Appendix
11). e.g. Table 3.4 refers to fourth table of chapter 3.

1.1.2 List of figures (with title and page number)

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This page provides information to the readers about the details of the figures
provided in the thesis along with their location (page numbers). Numbering
of figures should reflect on which chapter the figure belongs to (See
Appendix 12).

e.g. Fig. 3.4 refers to fourth figure of chapter 3.

1.1.3 List of plates/pictures (with titles and page number)

This page provides information to the readers about the details of the
plates/pictures provided in the thesis along with their location (page
numbers). Numbering of plates/pictures should reflect on which chapter the
plate/picture belongs to (See Appendix 13). e.g. Plate 3.4 refers to fourth
plate of chapter 3.

1.1.4 List of appendices (with titles and page number)

This page provides information to the readers about the details of the
appendices provided in the thesis along with their location (page numbers).
Its numbering can be done in normal sequence (See Appendix 14).

2. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter should discuss the background of the research issues being dealt,
statement of the problem, research questions, research objectives,
significance/rationale of the study, and scope and limitation of the study.
Introduction must revolve around the central research issue.

1.1 Background

Brief background of the issues should be discussed under the background

section. It should be done in the form of brief literature review of related
literatures, which is essential to build statement of the problem, research
question, and research objectives in the later part of INTRODUCTION chapter.

1.2 Statement of the problem

This section must indicate what the problem is, why and how it is a problem.
Similarly, necessity to conduct the research should also be discussed. It should
be supported by data or evidences. This section should be well connected with
background section and as brief as possible.

1.3 Research questions

Based on the statement of the problem research question should be formulated.

Research questions should clearly state what type of answers the research is
looking for.

1.4 Research objectives

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This section should clearly mention what you want to achieve from the research.
Usually, objective is presented as general objective and specific objectives. The
general objective of research should be only one and should be in line with the
title. To meet the general objective, several specific objectives could be set.
Specific objectives should be in line with research questions and are more or
less equal in numbers of research questions.

1.5 Significance/Rationale of the study

The importance of the proposal research should be stated in this section, in

terms of potential beneficiaries & the way they will be benefitted. The section
should focus on justifying the topic of the proposed research.

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is basically a survey of published materials on the topic of the

interest authored by accredited scholars and researchers. It is quite important to
uncover what is already known in the body of knowledge prior to initiating any
research (Hart, 1998). Hence, it is a crucial endeavor for any academic research
in theoretical and conceptual progress (Shaw, 1995 and, Webster and Watson,
2002). Thus, it helps to situate your research in the context of what is already
known about the topic and find the gap that your research will bridge.

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the discussion about the way you conducted your thesis
research in order to meet the objectives. The methodology should be summarized
in the form of block diagram /flowchart. Selected methodology should be discussed
in details along with the justification of selecting the methodology. Each method
used in the thesis should be directly and specifically linked with the research
objectives. It should include research design, research approaches study area, study
population, sample selection (sample selection methods), sample size, methods of
data collection (Key Informant Interview, Focused Group Discussion, questionnaire
survey, modeling, observation, measurement) and data analysis approach & tools.

CHAPTER 4 : RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section should present the findings of the study in logical sequences in line
with the specific objectives. Presentation of data and facts should be explained
regarding plausibility and compared with data from similar studies.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion is an integration of various issues covered in the body of the thesis.

Conclusion includes noting any implications resulting from the discussion and
making policy recommendation as well as the need for further research. Hence, the
conclusion should be a logical ending to what has been previously discussed. It must

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pull together all parts of the argument and refer the reader back to the focus you
have outlined in your introduction and to the central topic. Never present any new
information in this section and never make generic conclusion which are not
supported by the data/information in the text of the thesis. Thus, conclusion and
recommendation of the study must be limited within the scope of the research.

REFERENCE

The arguments in the thesis should be supported by proper evidences. This needs to
be done by referring to earlier publications such as patents, journals, books, reports,
thesis and other materials. Hence, referencing gives credit to the authors or
organizations for using their work in your thesis. It provides the reader with
evidence of the breadth and depth of researchers reading and enables readers to
locate the references easily. It is strongly recommended to follow the IEEE
referencing format for the thesis submitted to University.

Note: The students are strongly advised to familiarize themselves with the concept of plagiarism and
should be below 20%.

9 Assessment Summary
This module is assessed in two components. Please note that ALL components MUST be submitted
for a pass to be awarded.

If students do not attend the scheduled presentation for component 1 of the assessment, students will
be given one further opportunity at a time. A 5% penalty will be applied to their mark for late
submission. If students miss the late presentation, their mark for component 1 will be recorded as
non-Submission and students will fail the module.

Assessment Weighting: Assessment method

PROPOSAL & presentation

1.Proposal submission 30% of their Proposal

2. Final submission 70% Final report and presentation

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10 Assessment Component 1: Proposal submission/ presentation:

Marking Criteria (30% of total mark)

Distinction ( 70%+) Merit (60-69%) Pass (40-59%) Fail (less than 40%)
Has provided a brief Has provided a brief Has provided a brief
Has provided a very
overview and rationale on overview and rationale overview and rationale
Introduction & background weak/no overview and/or
the proposed work to an on the proposed work to on the proposed work
rationale with little/no
excellent standard using a very good standard to a sufficient standard
supporting literature.
relevant literature using relevant literature. using some literature.

Statement of problem & Objectives Clearly demonstrated in Included somewhere on Included in part on the Not included on the
full on the proposed work. the Proposal in full Proposal Proposal

The student has

demonstrated a sound
justification, on
The student has
methodology adopted and The student has
demonstrated some
has carried out the demonstrated a sound Adopts an inappropriate
justification on
Novel methodology & Methods methodology in an justification on and poorly justified
methodology adopted
Q&A insightful and methodology adopted methodology, cannot
and has carried out the
professional manner, and has carried out the clearly explain.
methodology to a
demonstrating originality methodology effectively.
reasonable level.
and a self-critical
evaluation of
effectiveness.
An overview of the
An overview of the KEY An overview of the KEY An overview of the KEY
KEY primary results
primary results has been primary results has been primary data has not been
has been included and
included and related to included and related to included, or included to
related to the literature
the literature to an the literature to a good an insufficient standard
Expected outcome to some extent on the
excellent extent on the extent on the Proposal, and not related to existing
Proposal , and limited
Proposal, and innovative and some suggestions theory on the Proposal ,
suggestions have been
suggestions have been have been made and there are
made regarding how the
made regarding how the regarding how the work no/minimum suggestions
work could be
work could be developed. could be developed. for further development.
developed.
The student has
The student has provided The student has provided The student has not
provided a summary on
an excellent summary on a good summary on the provided a summary on
the Proposal of the
the Proposal of the Proposal of the research the Proposal of the
research accompanied
Conclusion / Summary research accompanied by accompanied by some research and cannot
by limited critique &
an excellent critique & critique & evaluation of provide a critique or
evaluation of the work
evaluation of the work the work conducted evaluation of the work
conducted (methods
conducted (methods (methods and/or conducted (methods
and/or
and/or prototype/product). prototype/product). and/or prototype/product).
prototype/product).
Has provided an overview Has provided an
of the KEY ethical overview of the KEY Has provided an
considerations of the ethical considerations of overview of the KEY Ethical considerations
Ethical issues
research to an excellent the research to some ethical considerations have not been included on
PROPOSAL
standard and has extent with some of the research to a the Proposal .
incorporated good incorporation of good reasonable level
practice if appropriate practice if appropriate
The Q&A is clear and
The Q&A is very clear
has been delivered to a The Q&A is acceptable
and has been delivered to The Q&A is unclear and
good standard within the but full information has
an excellent standard has not been delivered
specified time limit. not been delivered
within the specified time within the specified time
Presentation and general comments Proposal has very good within the specified
limit. Proposal has limit. Proposal not
PROPOSAL and Q&A clear, concise time limit. Proposal has
excellent clear, concise visually appealing, has far
information, relatively good clear information,
information, too much text and is not
visually/aesthetically sufficient visually a
visually/aesthetically clear.
appealing not too text little text heavy.
appealing not text heavy.
heavy.

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11 Assessment Details: Final submission and presentation (70% of

marks)

Distinction ( 70%+) Merit (60-69%) Pass (40-59%) Fail (less than 40%)
The problem addressed in the The problem addressed in the The problem addressed in
research is a significant research is a significant the research is a significant
technical or academic one, and technical or academic one, and technical or academic one, Does not address a
Overall and has been shown to be so by the has been shown to be so by the and has been shown to be so sufficiently challenging
Introduction student. The Dissertation could student. The work would need by the student. The work problem. The work is not
form the basis for published substantial development were it would need major revision publishable material.
work (very high academic to form the basis for published were it to form the basis for
quality piece of written work). work. published work.
The aim and research objectives The aim and research The aim and research The aim and research
Aim, Objectives,
(questions or hypotheses) are objectives (questions or objectives (questions or objectives (questions or
and Rationale /
very clear. Has provided an hypotheses) are very clear. Has hypotheses) are clear. Has hypotheses) are very vague.
statement of
excellent rationale for the provided a very good rationale provided a sufficiently good Has provided a very weak
problem
research. for the research. rationale for the research. rationale for the research.
In addressing the problem,
In addressing the problem, the In addressing the problem,
In addressing the problem, the the student has evidenced
student has evidenced an the student has evidenced
student has evidenced a critical some understanding of
understanding of the relevant very limited understanding
understanding of the relevant relevant literature, albeit
research literature, albeit with of relevant literature. Has
research literature. Have largely descriptive. Has
Literature Survey limited critique. Have conducted no critical
extensively conducted critical conducted very little critical
conducted some critical analysis and synthesis for
analysis and synthesis for the 15 analysis and synthesis for 5
analysis and synthesis for 10 or less than 5 literature
or more literatures review. Most or more literature review.
more literatures review. Some review. All literature
literature surveyed is up to date. Most literature surveyed is
literature survey is up to date. surveyed is dated.
dated.
The student has demonstrated a
sound justification for the The student has
The student has demonstrated a
methodology adopted and has demonstrated some
sound justification for the Adopts an inappropriate
carried out the methodology in justification for the
Methodology methodology adopted and has and poorly justified
an insightful and professional methodology adopted and
carried out the methodology methodology.
manner, demonstrating has carried out the
effectively.
originality and a self-critical methodology effectively.
evaluation of effectiveness.
The results from the
Some of the results from the
All the results from the research Almost all of the results from research have not been
research have been mapped
have been mapped precisely to the research have been mapped mapped to the research
to the research objectives
the research objectives to the research objectives objectives (questions,
(questions, hypotheses or
(questions, hypotheses or (questions, hypotheses or hypotheses or
Research Outcome, prototype/product). The
prototype/product). The student prototype/product). The student prototype/product). The
and Discussion student relates the results to
relates the results to the relates the results to the student does not relate any
the literature and makes very
literature and makes innovative literature and makes some results found to existing
few suggestions regarding
suggestions regarding how the suggestions regarding how the theory and fails to make
how the work could be
work could be developed. work could be developed. reasoned suggestions for
developed.
further development.
The student has provided an The student has provided a very The student has not
The student has provided a
excellent summary of the good summary of the research provided a summary of the
summary of the research
research accompanied by an accompanied by some critique research and is not
accompanied by limited
excellent critique & evaluation & evaluation of the work accompanied by a critique
critique & evaluation of the
Contribution and of the work conducted (methods conducted (methods and/or or evaluation of the work
work conducted (methods
conclusion and/or prototype/product). It prototype/product). It also conducted (methods and/or
and/or prototype/product). It
also includes his/her unique includes his/her unique prototype/product). It does
also includes weak
contribution, excellent contribution, good not include any
recommendations for further
recommendations for further recommendations for further recommendation for further
research.
research. research. research.
Some the references are in None of the references is in
All the references are in IEEE Almost all the references are in
References IEEE Style Referencing IEEE Style Referencing
Style Referencing Style IEEE Style Referencing Style
Style Style

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LINCOLN UNIVERSITY
………….. COLLEGE
Supervisor-supervisee meeting report for
Research Project/seminar:
Master in Computer Science

Title:
Name of Student:
Roll No:

Supervisor:
S. No. Progress Date Signature

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9

10

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12

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Similarity percentage

Approval for final defence

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Seminar Paper Title* (use style: paper title)

*Note: Sub-titles are not captured in Xplore and should not be used

line 1: 1st Given Name Surname line 1: 2nd Given Name Surname line 1: 3rd Given Name Surname
line 2: dept. name of organization line 2: dept. name of organization line 2: dept. name of organization
(of Affiliation) (of Affiliation) (of Affiliation)
line 3: name of organization line 3: name of organization line 3: name of organization
(of Affiliation) (of Affiliation) (of Affiliation)
line 4: City, Country line 4: City, Country line 4: City, Country
line 5: email address or ORCID line 5: email address or ORCID line 5: email address or ORCID

line 1: 4th Given Name Surname line 1: 5th Given Name Surname line 1: 6th Given Name Surname
line 2: dept. name of organization line 2: dept. name of organization line 2: dept. name of organization
(of Affiliation) (of Affiliation) (of Affiliation)
line 3: name of organization line 3: name of organization line 3: name of organization
(of Affiliation) (of Affiliation) (of Affiliation)
line 4: City, Country line 4: City, Country line 4: City, Country
line 5: email address or ORCID line 5: email address or ORCID line 5: email address or ORCID

Abstract—This electronic document is a “live” template and measurement and others are deliberate, using specifications
already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, that anticipate your paper as one part of the entire proceedings,
etc.] in its style sheet. *CRITICAL: Do Not Use Symbols, Special and not as an independent document. Please do not revise any
Characters, Footnotes, or Math in Paper Title or Abstract. of the current designations.
(Abstract)
• PREPARE YOUR PAPER BEFORE STYLING
Keywords—component, formatting, style, styling, insert (key
words) Before you begin to format your paper, first write and save
the content as a separate text file. Complete all content and
• INTRODUCTION (HEADING 1) organizational editing before formatting. Please note sections
A-D below for more information on proofreading, spelling
This template, modified in MS Word 2007 and saved as a
and grammar.
“Word 97-2003 Document” for the PC, provides authors with
most of the formatting specifications needed for preparing Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text
electronic versions of their papers. All standard paper has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit
components have been specified for three reasons: (1) ease of use of hard returns to only one return at the end of a paragraph.
use when formatting individual papers, (2) automatic Do not add any kind of pagination anywhere in the paper. Do
compliance to electronic requirements that facilitate the not number text heads-the template will do that for you.
concurrent or later production of electronic products, and (3)
conformity of style throughout a conference proceedings. o Abbreviations and Acronyms
Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
built-in; examples of the type styles are provided throughout used in the text, even after they have been defined in the
this document and are identified in italic type, within abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, sc, dc,
parentheses, following the example. Some components, such and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations
as multi-leveled equations, graphics, and tables are not in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.
prescribed, although the various table text styles are provided.
o Units
The formatter will need to create these components,
incorporating the applicable criteria that follow. Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are
encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary
• EASE OF USE units (in parentheses). An exception would be the use
of English units as identifiers in trade, such as “3.5-
o Selecting a Template (Heading 2) inch disk drive”.
First, confirm that you have the correct template for your
paper size. This template has been tailored for output on the Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in
A4 paper size. If you are using US letter-sized paper, please amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often
close this file and download the Microsoft Word, Letter file. leads to confusion because equations do not balance
dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly
o Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications state the units for each quantity that you use in an
The template is used to format your paper and style the equation.
text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and text fonts Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units:
are prescribed; please do not alter them. You may note “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter”, not
peculiarities. For example, the head margin in this template “webers/m2”. Spell out units when they appear in text:
measures proportionately more than is customary. This “. . . a few henries”, not “. . . a few H”.
Identify applicable funding agency here. If none, delete this text box.

16
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25”, not “.25”. Use There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation
“cm3”, not “cc”. (bullet list) “et al.”.
o Equations The abbreviation “i.e.” means “that is”, and the
The equations are an exception to the prescribed abbreviation “e.g.” means “for example”.
specifications of this template. You will need to determine An excellent style manual for science writers is [7].
whether or not your equation should be typed using either the
Times New Roman or the Symbol font (please no other font). • USING THE TEMPLATE
To create multileveled equations, it may be necessary to treat After the text edit has been completed, the paper is ready
the equation as a graphic and insert it into the text after your for the template. Duplicate the template file by using the Save
paper is styled. As command, and use the naming convention prescribed by
Number equations consecutively. Equation numbers, your conference for the name of your paper. In this newly
within parentheses, are to position flush right, as in (1), using created file, highlight all of the contents and import your
a right tab stop. To make your equations more compact, you prepared text file. You are now ready to style your paper; use
may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or appropriate the scroll down window on the left of the MS Word
exponents. Italicize Roman symbols for quantities and Formatting toolbar.
variables, but not Greek symbols. Use a long dash rather than
o Authors and Affiliations
a hyphen for a minus sign. Punctuate equations with commas
or periods when they are part of a sentence, as in: The template is designed for, but not limited to, six
authors. A minimum of one author is required for all
a b conference articles. Author names should be listed starting
from left to right and then moving down to the next line. This
Note that the equation is centered using a center tab stop. is the author sequence that will be used in future citations and
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined by indexing services. Names should not be listed in columns
before or immediately following the equation. Use “(1)”, not nor group by affiliation. Please keep your affiliations as
“Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a succinct as possible (for example, do not differentiate among
sentence: “Equation (1) is . . .” departments of the same organization).

o Some Common Mistakes ▪ For papers with more than six authors: Add author
names horizontally, moving to a third row if needed for more
The word “data” is plural, not singular.
than 8 authors.
The subscript for the permeability of vacuum 0, and other For papers with less than six authors: To change the
common scientific constants, is zero with subscript default, adjust the template as follows.
formatting, not a lowercase letter “o”.
• Selection: Highlight all author and affiliation lines.
In American English, commas, semicolons, periods, Change number of columns: Select the Columns icon
question and exclamation marks are located within from the MS Word Standard toolbar and then select the
quotation marks only when a complete thought or correct number of columns from the selection palette.
name is cited, such as a title or full quotation. When
quotation marks are used, instead of a bold or italic • Deletion: Delete the author and affiliation lines for
typeface, to highlight a word or phrase, punctuation the extra authors.
should appear outside of the quotation marks. A
parenthetical phrase or statement at the end of a
o Identify the Headings
sentence is punctuated outside of the closing
parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is Headings, or heads, are organizational devices that guide
punctuated within the parentheses.) the reader through your paper. There are two types:
component heads and text heads.
A graph within a graph is an “inset”, not an “insert”. The
word alternatively is preferred to the word Component heads identify the different components of
“alternately” (unless you really mean something that your paper and are not topically subordinate to each other.
alternates). Examples include Acknowledgments and References and, for
these, the correct style to use is “Heading 5”. Use “figure
Do not use the word “essentially” to mean caption” for your Figure captions, and “table head” for your
“approximately” or “effectively”. table title. Run-in heads, such as “Abstract”, will require you
In your paper title, if the words “that uses” can accurately to apply a style (in this case, italic) in addition to the style
replace the word “using”, capitalize the “u”; if not, provided by the drop down menu to differentiate the head
keep using lower-cased. from the text.

Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones Text heads organize the topics on a relational, hierarchical
“affect” and “effect”, “complement” and basis. For example, the paper title is the primary text head
“compliment”, “discreet” and “discrete”, “principal” because all subsequent material relates and elaborates on this
and “principle”. one topic. If there are two or more sub-topics, the next level
head (uppercase Roman numerals) should be used and,
Do not confuse “imply” and “infer”. conversely, if there are not at least two sub-topics, then no
The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to the subheads should be introduced. Styles named “Heading 1”,
word it modifies, usually without a hyphen. “Heading 2”, “Heading 3”, and “Heading 4” are prescribed.

17
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

o Figures and Tables Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the

• Positioning Figures and Tables: Place figures and actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was
cited. Do not put footnotes in the abstract or reference list. Use
tables at the top and bottom of columns. Avoid placing them
letters for table footnotes.
in the middle of columns. Large figures and tables may span
across both columns. Figure captions should be below the Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’
figures; table heads should appear above the tables. Insert names; do not use “et al.”. Papers that have not been
figures and tables after they are cited in the text. Use the published, even if they have been submitted for publication,
abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a sentence. should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been
accepted for publication should be cited as “in press” [5].
TABLE TYPE STYLES Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper
nouns and element symbols.
Table Table Column Head
Head Table column subhead Subhead Subhead For papers published in translation journals, please give
the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-
copy More table copya
language citation [6].
Sample of a Table footnote. (Table footnote)

Example of a figure caption. (figure caption)

G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of Lipschitz-
Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil. Trans. Roy.
Figure Labels: Use 8 point Times New Roman for Figure Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955. (references)
labels. Use words rather than symbols or abbreviations when J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2.
writing Figure axis labels to avoid confusing the reader. As an Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.
example, write the quantity “Magnetization”, or I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
“Magnetization, M”, not just “M”. If including units in the anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New
label, present them within parentheses. Do not label axes only York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.
with units. In the example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or K. Elissa, “Title of paper if known,” unpublished.
“Magnetization {A[m(1)]}”, not just “A/m”. Do not label axes R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name Stand.
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write Abbrev., in press.
“Temperature (K)”, not “Temperature/K”. Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE
• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (Heading 5) Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August 1987 [Digests 9th
Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University
America is without an “e” after the “g”. Avoid the stilted Science, 1989.
expression “one of us (R. B. G.) thanks ...”. Instead, try “R.
B. G. thanks...”. Put sponsor acknowledgments in the IEEE conference templates contain guidance text for
unnumbered footnote on the first page. composing and formatting conference papers. Please
ensure that all template text is removed from your
• REFERENCES
conference paper prior to submission to the
The template will number citations consecutively within conference. Failure to remove template text from
brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. your paper may result in your paper not being
Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use published.
“Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a
sentence: “Reference [3] was the first ...”

We suggest that you use a text box to insert a graphic

(which is ideally a 300 dpi TIFF or EPS file, with all fonts
embedded) because, in an MSW document, this
method is somewhat more stable than directly
inserting a picture.

To have non-visible rules on your frame, use the

MSWord “Format” pull-down menu, select Text Box >
Colors and Lines to choose No Fill and No Line.

18
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

1. Formatting and requirements (except cover page, and title page)

Paper specifications:
Color: White
Size: 21 cm x 29.7 cm (A4)
Length of thesis: The length of the main body of report is expected in between 15,000 to 30,000
words. It is necessary to consult with the supervisor for the comprehensiveness of text, its flow
and logics. Always incorporate only the important contexts, do not include the unreasonable and
unnecessary text.
Calculation and measurement unit: SI unit
Equation: Equation should be typed using equation editor. It should be cited in the text as Eq. (n),
where n represents specific equation number. e.g. Eq. (1), Eq. (2).
Figure: Figure should be cited in the text as Fig. (n), where n represents specific figure number.
e.g. Fig. 1.1, Fig. 2.1. Figure caption should be provided below the figure and it should be left-
aligned; pictures are considered as figures. The figures/tables from other sources should be
reproduced and source mentioned along with caption inside bracket.
Table: Table should be cited in the text as Table n, where n represents specific table number. e.g.
Table 1.1, Table 2.2. Table caption should be provided above the table and it should be left-
aligned.
Language: American or British English (Consistency should be maintained). Any non- English
word should be in Italic.
Main-text:
a. Left margin: 3 cm (1.2 inches)
b. Right margin: 2.5 cm (1 inch)
c. Top margin: 2.5 cm (1 inch)
d. Bottom margin: 2.5 cm (1 inch)
e. Line spacing: 1.5
f. Side: Front (Single side)
g. Font size: 12 pts (can be adjusted in tables and figures)
h. Font type: Times New Roman (even in tables and figures)
i. Font style: Regular
j. Font color: Black
k. Breaking a word in two lines: Not allowed
l. Corrections with fluid: Not allowed
m. Overwriting: Not allowed
n. Typing machine: Computer
o. Printing quality: Laser

Make the font bold only when necessary as prescribed in the format.
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

2.5 cm ( 1 inch)

3 cm (1.2 inches) 2.5 cm ( 1 inch)

Page Size
21 cm x 29.7 cm (A4)

2.5 cm ( 1 inch)
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 1: Sample of front hard cover

Report for the Degree of Master of Computer Science (16 pt)
1 blank line, 14 pts Title of report
Paragraph spacing after
10 pts (Report Title: 20pt.
Line spacing 1.5 lines bold)
3 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Logo size: 1.6 *1.6 inch

3 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Full Name of Student, (16 pt. bold) 1 blank line, 14 pts

(University registration number) Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

……College Line spacing 1.5 lines

1 blank line, 14 pts …Department

Paragraph spacing after Lincoln University, Malaysia (16 pt.
10 pts bold)
Line spacing 1.5 lines 1 blank line, 14 pts
March, 2023 (16 pt. bold)
Paragraph spacing after
10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 2: Side print of hard cover print

Title of Research

14 pts

Times New Roman

Full Name of Student
Year of completion
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 3: Title page

Research project for the Degree of Master of Computer Science (16 pt)
1 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts Title of report
Line spacing 1.5 lines
(Report Title: 20pt.
bold) 3 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Supervised by Prof. -------------, Ph.D. (16 pt. bold)

A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

degree of Master of Computer Science (16 pts, Normal)
3 blank line, 14 pts
Paragraph spacing after

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Paragraph spacing after

16 pts, Normal

10 pts
10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Full Name of Student, (16 pt. bold)

(Registration number) 2 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

……..College
……..Department
Lincoln University, Malaysia (16 pt.
bold)
March, 2023 (16 pt. bold)
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 4: Dedication page

2 blank line, 14 pts

1 blank line, 14 pts
Paragraph spacing after
10 pts Paragraph spacing after
Dedication 10 pts
Line spacing 1.5 lines
Line spacing 1.5 lines

I would like to dedicate this report to… Four blank spaces should be maintained before
startingthe paragraph. (12 pts, Times New Roman, Normal, Justify, Line spacing 1.5)
Limited to one page only
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 5: Declaration Page

2 blank line, 14 pts 1 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after Paragraph spacing after

10 pts 10 pts
Declaration
Line spacing 1.5 lines Line spacing 1.5 lines

I hereby declare that this study entitled [Put title of the report here in bold…] is based on
my original research work. Related works on the topic by other researchers have been duly
acknowledged. I owe all the liabilities relating to the accuracy and authenticity of the data and any
other information included hereunder. (12 pts, Times New Roman, Normal, Justify, Line spacing
1.5)
Limited to one page only
3 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Signature
Name of the Student:
Registration Number:
Date:
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 6: Recommendation Page

2 blank line, 14 pts 1 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after Paragraph spacing after

10 pts 10 pts
Recommendation
Line spacing 1.5 lines Line spacing 1.5 lines

This is to certify that this report entitled [Put the title of the report here in bold…] prepared
and submitted by [Put name of the student here in bold], in partial fulfillment of the requirements
of the degree of Master of Computer Science (MCS) awarded by Lincoln University, has been
completed under my/our supervision. I/we recommend the same for acceptance by Lincoln
University. (12 pts, Times New Roman, Normal, Justify, Line spacing 1.5)
Limited to one page only
3 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Signature
Name of the Supervisor:
Organization:
Date:
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 7: Certificate Page

2 blank line, 14 pts 1 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after Paragraph spacing after
10 pts 10 pts
Certificate
Line spacing 1.5 lines Line spacing 1.5 lines

This report entitled [Put the title of the report here in bold…] prepared and submitted by
[Put name of the student here in bold] has been examined by us and is accepted for the award
of the degree of Master of Computer Science (MCS.) in [Put name of the program] by Lincoln
4 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

University.

[Name of the external examiner in Bold] [Signature] [Date signed]

External examiner 2 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

[Name of the report supervisor] [Signature] [Date signed]
Supervisor 2 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

[Name of the report co-supervisor] [Signature] [Date signed]
Co-supervisor (If applicable) 2 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

[Name of Head of Department or Principal] [Signature] [Date signed]
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 8: Acknowledgements Page

2 blank line, 14 pts 1 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after Paragraph spacing after

10 pts 10 pts
Acknowledgements
Line spacing 1.5 lines Line spacing 1.5 lines

Show your big heart to thank and acknowledge all the personnel and institutions who have
provided their valuable time and input to make your research work a reality. You must
acknowledge the institution/personnel for the financial assistance received for the research study
(if any). Try to include all those who have been engaged in your directly or indirectly. Make it
within a page. (12 pts, Times New Roman, Normal, Justify, Line spacing 1.5)
Limited to one page only
3 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after

10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Signature
Name of the Student:
Registration Number:
Date:
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 9: Abstract Page

2 blank line, 14 pts

Paragraph spacing after 1 blank line, 14 pts

10 pts
Paragraph spacing after
Abstract
Line spacing 1.5 lines 10 pts

Line spacing 1.5 lines

Abstract is compulsory. The heading ABSTRACT, in capital letters and bold should be centered
between the left and right margins, without punctuating or underlining. Four blank spaces should
be maintained before starting the paragraph. (12 pts, Times New Roman, Normal, Justify, Line
spacing 1.5)
Limited to one page only
1 blank line space between the paragraphs.

Keywords: 3-7 keywords based on the research should be kept in the page of abstract below the
main text of the abstract leaving one blank line.
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 10: Table of Content Page

Table of Content
(Times New Roman, 14 pts, Normal Bold)
4 blank line, 12 pts
Line spacing 1 lines

Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal Bold) Page

Declaration i
Recommendation ii
Certificate iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abstract 12 pts v
Table of contents Normal vi
List of tables vii
List of figures ix
List of plates/pictures x
Abbreviations/Acronyms 1 blank line, 12 pts xi
Units and conversions Line spacing 1 lines xii

CHAPTER 1 (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal Bold)

INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background 1
1.1.1. Sub-section 12 Pts, Normal Bold, 2
1.1.2. Sub-section Uppercase 3
1.2. Statement of problem 4
1.3. Research questions 5
1.4. Research objectives 6
1.5. Significance/Rationale of the study 7

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Section 9
3.1.1. Sub-section 10
3.1.2. Sub-section 11
2.2. Section 12
2.2.1. Sub-section 13
2.2.2. Sub-section 14

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1. Study area 15
3.1.1. Sub-section 16
3.1.2. Sub-section 17
3.2. Data collection 18
3.2.1. Sub-section 19
3.2.2. Sub-section 20
3.3. Section 21
3.4. Section 22
3.4.1. Sub-section 23
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Section 24
4.2. Section 25
4.4.1. Sub-section 26
4.4.2. Sub-section 27

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Section 28
5.2. Section 29

REFERENCES 30
APPENDICES 31
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 11: List of Table Page

List of table
(Times New Roman, 14 pts, Normal Bold)
1 blank line, 12 pts 4 blank line, 12 pts
Line spacing 1 lines Line spacing 1 lines

Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal Bold) Left-align, Page

12 pts
Table 1.1 Population growth rate of Nepal Normal, line 5
Table 2.1 Sales of cement in Nepal from 1978-2013 spacing 1.5 10
Table 4.1 Distribution of sample by socioeconomic variables 15
Table 4.2 Possession of house-by-house type 20
Table 4.3 Relation of income with possession of different types 21
of house

Here, table number reflects distribution of tables among the chapters. For instance, Table 1.1
means table located in chapter 1. Similarly, Table 2.1 is table located in chapter 2 and Table
4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 are the tables located in Chapter 4. Table 4.1 is the first table of Chapter 4, and
consequently 4.3 is the third table in Chapter 4. Similar, number applies for List of figures, and
List of plates/pictures.
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 12: List of Figure Page

List of figures
(Times New Roman, 14 pts, Normal Bold)
1 blank line, 12 pts 4 blank line, 12 pts
Line spacing 1 line Line spacing 1 line

Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal Bold) Left-align,

12 pts Page
Fig. 1.1 Population growth rate of Nepal Normal, line
spacing 1.5 15
Fig. 2.1 Sales of cement in Nepal from 1978-2013
20
Fig. 4.1 Distribution of sample by socioeconomic variables
25
Fig. 4.2 Possession of house by house type
30
Fig. 4.3 Relation of income with possession of different types of
31
house

Here, figure number reflects distribution of figures among the chapters. For instance, Fig. 1.1
means figure located in chapter 1. Similarly, Fig. 2.1 is figure located in chapter 2 and Fig. 4.1,
4.2, and 4.3 are the figures located in Chapter 4. Fig. 4.1 is the first figure of Chapter 4, and
consequently 4.3 is the third figure in Chapter 4. Similar, number applies for List of
plates/pictures.
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Appendix 13: List of Plates/Pictures Page

List of plates/pictures
(Times New Roman, 14 pts, Normal Bold)
1 blank line, 12 pts 4 blank line, 12 pts
Line spacing 1 lines Line spacing 1 lines

Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal Bold) Left-align, Page

12 pts
Plate 1.1 Population growth rate of Nepal Normal, line 15
Plate 2.1 Sales of cement in Nepal from 1978-2013 spacing 1.5 16
Plate 4.1 Distribution of sample by socioeconomic variables 20

Plate 4.2 Possession of house by house type 26

Plate 4.3 Relation of income with possession of different types of 50

house

Here, plate number reflects distribution of plates among the chapters. For instance, Table 1.1
means plate located in chapter 1. Similarly, Plate 2.1 is plate located in chapter 2 and Plate 4.1,
4.2, and 4.3 are the plates located in Chapter 4. Plate 4.1 is the first plate of Chapter 4, and
consequently 4.3 is the third plate in Chapter 4.
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 14: List of Appendix Page

List of appendix
(Times New Roman, 14 pts, Normal Bold)
1 blank line, 12 pts 4 blank line, 12 pts
Line spacing 1 lines Line spacing 1 lines

Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal Bold) Left-align, Page

12 pts
Appendix 1. Population growth rate of Nepal Normal, line 10
Appendix 2. Sales of cement in Nepal from 1978-2013 spacing 1.5 18
Appendix 3. Distribution of sample by socioeconomic variables 22

Appendix 4. Possession of house by house type 28

Appendix 5. Relation of income with possession of different types of 51

house
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 15: List of Abbreviation/Acronyms Page

List of abbreviation/acronyms
(Times New Roman, 14 pts, Normal Bold)
1 blank line, 12 pts 4 blank line, 12 pts
Line spacing 1 lines Line spacing 1 lines

CO2 Carbon dioxide

CPS Center for Postgraduate Studies
Ha. Hectare
Left-align,
m3 Meter cube (Cubic meter)
12 pts
PCM Phoenix College of Management Normal, line
spacing 1.5
LU Lincoln University
Sq.ft Square feet
UNDP United Nations Development Programme

Space between Abbreviation/Acronyms and its details should be fixed as 2.5 cm (1 inch) by
using Tab key (don’t use colon or semicolon marks in between abbreviations/acronyms and its
details). The list of abbreviation/acronyms should be organized in alphabetical order
 lOMoAR cPSD| 10748781

Appendix 16: Table format Page

Table 1.1. Electrical properties of recyclic growth epi-layer with added Ga solution and GaAs
source.
Source µRTa) µ77 Kb) nRTa) n77 Kb)
Sample
(repetitions) (cm2V-1.s-1) ( cm2V-1.s-1) (cm-3) (cm-3)
S1 A(1) 5600 4.01×104 3.90×1014 4.99×1014
S2 A(2) 4310 8.48×104 4.29×1013 1.75×1014
c)
S3 A(3) 5230 9.19×104 1.14×1013 1.41×1014
c)
S4 A(4) 5830 1.12×105 3.81×1013 9.68×1013
c)
S5 A(5) 7140 1.55×105 3.73×1012 7.35×1013
a)
Measured in dark.
b)
Measured under light illumination.
c)
These samples were used for the photoluminescence measurements.

Appendix 17: Figure format Page

Fig. 1.1 Cross section of a Schottky diode used for capacitance-voltage measurement.

Fig. 2.1 PL intensity versus mobility at 77 K for samples from different lots at three different
wavelengths. (Solid lines Lot A; thick broken lines Lot B; thin broken lines Lot D). Joined lines indicate
the same lot.