. What does DBMS stand for?

a) Database Management Software

b) Database Modeling System
c) Database Management System
d) Database Model Software
Answer: c) Database Management System

2. Which of the following is a type of DBMS model?

a) Relational
b) Network
c) Hierarchical
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

3. Which of the following is NOT a component of DBMS?

a) Query Processor
b) Database Engine
c) Database Table
d) Indexing Engine
Answer: c) Database Table

4. Which of the following is used to organize a database in DBMS?

a) Table
b) Views
c) Query
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

5. Which model uses a tree structure to represent relationships among data?

a) Relational Model
b) Network Model
c) Hierarchical Model
d) Object - Oriented Model
Answer: Hierarchical Model
6. What SQL statement retrieves data from a database?
a) SELECT
b) INSERT
c) UPDATE
d) DELETE
Answer: a) SELECT

7. What does normalization in a relational database help with?

a) Avoiding redundancy
b) Increasing performance
c) Reducing query time
d) All of the above
Answer: a) Avoiding redundancy

8. What is a primary key used for?

a) Uniquely identify a record in a table
b) Enforce relationships between tables
c) Prevent data duplication
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

9. Which of the following is NOT a type of relationship in a relational database?

a) One-to-One
b) One-to-Many
c) Many-to-Many
d) Many-to-One
Answer: d) Many-to-One

10. Which command is used to remove a table from a database in SQL?

a) DELETE
b) DROP
c) REMOVE
d) TRUNCATE
Answer: b) DROP
11. Which of the following ensures that database transactions are completed
without errors?
a) Concurrency Control
b) Transaction Control
c) Data Integrity
d) Backup Management
Answer: b) Transaction Control

12. Which of the following is a type of constraint in DBMS?

a) Primary Key
b) Foreign Key
c) Check
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

13. What does SQL stand for?

a) Structured Query Language
b) Simple Query Language
c) Sequential Query Language
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Structured Query Language

14. Which of the following is an advantage of using DBMS? a) Data Redundancy

b) Data Integrity
c) Less Security
d) Data Anomalies
Answer: b) Data Integrity

15. What is a foreign key in a relational database?

a) A key used to identify a column uniquely in a table
b) A key used to connect two tables
c) A key that does not allow NULL values
d) A key used to store passwords
Answer: b) A key used to link two tables
16. Which of the following is a characteristic of the relational model?
a) Data is organized into tables
b) Relationships are represented using pointers
c) Data is stored as objects
d) None of the above
Answer: d) Data is organized into tables

17. What is the purpose of an index in a Database?

a) Speed up data retrieval
b) Ensure data integrity
c) Prevent data redundancy
d) All of the above
Answer: a) Speed up data retrieval

18. What type of database is MongoDB?

a) Relational Database
b) Object-Oriented Database
c) NoSQL Database
d) Network Database
Answer: c) NoSQL Database

19. Which clause in SQL is used to restrict the rows returned by a query?
a) WHERE
b) ORDER BY
c) HAVING
d) GROUP BY
Answer: a) WHERE

20. Which of the following is used to modify the structure of a database?

a) DDL (Data Definition Language)
b) DML (Data Manipulation Language)
c) TCL (Transaction Control Language)
d) DCL (Data Control Language)
Answer: a) DDL (Data Definition Language)
21. What is a data dictionary?
a) A tool to store user data
b) A collection of all the data in a database
c) A repository that stores metadata about the database
d) A special database table
Answer: c) A repository that stores metadata about the database

22. Which of the following is true about SQL JOIN?

a) It combines rows from two or more tables based on a relationship column
b) It only works on one table
c) It is used to delete data from multiple tables
d) It cannot be used for relational tables
Answer: a) It combines rows from two or more tables based on a relationship column

23. What does the ACID property stand for in the context of database
transactions?
a) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
b) Atomicity, Concurrency, Integrity, Durability
c) Accuracy, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability

24. What is the purpose of the GROUP BY clause in SQL?

a) To sort records
b) To filter records
c) To group records based on one or more columns
d) To combine records from multiple tables
Answer: c) To group records based on one or more columns

25. Which of the following is an example of a DML command?

a) SELECT
b) CREATE
c) DROP
d) ALTER
Answer: a) SELECT
26. What does referential integrity ensure in a relational database?
a) Data integrity by ensuring consistency between linked tables
b) Uniqueness of rows in a table
c) Data is entered in the correct format
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Data integrity by ensuring consistency between linked tables

27. What type of join returns all records when there is a match in either the left
or right table?
a) Inner Join
b) Left Join
c) Right Join
d) Full Outer Join
Answer: d) Full Outer Join

28. Which of the following is a disadvantage of DBMS?

a) Centralized control
b) Increased data security
c) High cost of DBMS software
d) Data redundancy
Answer: c) High cost of DBMS software

29. Which SQL function is used to calculate the total sum of a numeric column?
a) COUNT()
b) AVG()
c) SUM()
d) MIN()
Answer: c) SUM()

30. Which normalization form eliminates transitive dependency?

a) 1NF
b) 2NF
c) 3NF
d) BCNF
Answer: c) 3NF
31. Which of the following is an example of an aggregate function in SQL?
a) COUNT
b) SUM
c) AVG
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

32. What is a trigger in a database?

a) A stored procedure that runs when a specific event occurs
b) A method to generate unique keys
c) A constraint used to maintain data integrity
d) A method to define relationships between tables
Answer: a) A stored procedure that runs when a specific event occurs

33. Which of the following is a characteristic of the NoSQL database?

a) Fixed schema
b) Horizontal scaling
c) Data is organized in tables
d) All of the above
Answer: b) Horizontal scaling

34. Which of the following SQL clauses is used to sort the result set in SQL?
a) ORDER BY
b) HAVING
c) WHERE
d) GROUP BY
Answer: a) ORDER BY

35. Which of the following is the most common type of DBMS model used
today?
a) Relational
b) Network
c) Hierarchical
d) Object-Oriented
Answer: a) Relational
36. Which of the following operations can be performed using a transaction in
DBMS?
a) COMMIT
b) ROLLBACK
c) SAVEPOINT
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

37. Which of the following is NOT a type of SQL constraint?

a) PRIMARY KEY
b) UNIQUE
c) FOREIGN KEY
d) DISPLAY
Answer: d) DISPLAY

38. Which type of data model is used in modern relational databases?

a) Hierarchical model
b) Relational model
c) Object-Oriented model
d) Network model
Answer: b) Relational model

39. What is an example of an SQL function for text manipulation?

a) CONCAT()
b) LENGTH()
c) UPPER()
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

40. Which command is used to update existing data in a database?

a) MODIFY
b) CHANGE
c) UPDATE
d) INSERT
Answer: c) UPDATE
41. Which of the following is a non-relational database?
a) Oracle
b) MySQL
c) MongoDB
d) PostgreSQL
Answer: c) MongoDB

42. Which of the following represents a one-to-many relationship in a relational

database?
a) One record in the first table is linked to one record in the second table
b) One record in the first table is linked to many records in the second table
c) Many records in the first table are linked to many records in the second table
d) None of the above
Answer: b) One record in the first table is linked to many records in the second table

43. What is the purpose of normalization?

a) Increase redundancy
b) Simplify queries
c) Eliminate data redundancy and dependency
d) Speed up transactions
Answer: c) Eliminate data redundancy and dependency

44. Which of the following is a use of the HAVING clause in SQL?

a) To filter records before grouping
b) To filter records after grouping
c) To perform calculations on columns
d) None of the above
Answer: b) To filter records after grouping

45. What type of key is used to link tables in a relational database?

a) Candidate key
b) Foreign key
c) Composite key
d) Super key
Answer: b) Foreign key
46. Which of the following is true about the relational model?
a) Data is stored in tables
b) Data is stored as objects
c) Data is stored in a tree structure
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Data is stored in tables

47. Which of the following is the primary function of a DBMS?

a) To store and manage data
b) To organize data in files
c) To perform calculations on data
d) To maintain relationships between tables
Answer: a) To store and manage data

48. Which SQL keyword is used to prevent duplicate records in a query result?
a) DISTINCT
b) UNIQUE
c) NO_DUPLICATE
d) NONE
Answer: a) DISTINCT

49. Which of the following is an advantage of using a DBMS?

a) Enhanced security
b) High redundancy
c) Poor data integrity
d) Complexity in design
Answer: a) Enhanced security

50. What is the correct syntax to create a table in SQL?

a) CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...);
b) CREATE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...);
c) TABLE CREATE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...);
d) None of the above
Answer: a) CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...);