SLMs + QUALAS

Supplementary Materials/Self-Learning LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No. 3

Modules based instruction paired with in TLE Computer System Servicing
MELC- Based Quality Assured Learner’s (TLE7/8)-CSS
Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name: ____________________________ Grade & Section: ____________________

Teacher: __________________________ Date Submitted: ______________________

MELC: Carry out measurements and calculation

TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ic-d-4
Objective/Subtask: Obtain accurate measurements for job
Lesson/Topic: PERFORMING MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (PMC)
Quarter No. 3 Week No. 3 Day: 1-2
Reference/Source: CSS 7/8 SLM 2 Page No.: 14
CHS 7/8 LM 42

KEY CONCEPT:

Digital Representation

Within a computer, information like computer data, image, videos, music is represented and stored
in a digital binary format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of
data. Computers interpret only patterns of bits.

A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit can be used to
represent the state of something that has two states. For example, a light switch can be either On or Off.

Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and special characters with
bits. A commonly used code is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). With
ASCII, each character is represented by a string of bits.

ASCII Code
Binary Character
01000010 A
01000011 B
01000100 C
01000101 D

Based from the ASCII Code table, the text ABA is 01000010 01000011 01000010 in computer
representation.

Binary Prefix

UNIT SYMBOL Power of 2 (bytes) Value in bytes

Kilobyte KB 210 1,204
Megabyte MB 220 1,048,576
Gigabyte GB 230 1,073,741,824
Terabyte TB 240 1,009,511,627,776
DATA STORAGE CAPACITIES

Unit Abbreviation Equivalent to What sort of things are in this size range?
Bit b 0 or 1 Single binary value
Byte B 8 bits Single ASCII Character or a number between 0 and 255
Kilobyte KB 1,024 bytes A text file
Megabyte MB 1,024 kilobytes Digital photographs and MP3 files
Gigabyte GB 1,024 megabytes Videos and Software Applications
Terabytes TB 1,024 gigabytes Backups of whole systems

Other data storage units are Petabyte (PB), Exabyte (EB) and Yottabyte (YB). There are no
approved standard sizes for anything bigger than a yottabyte. However, the two proposed standards are
hellabyte or brontobyte.

Data Storage Capacity Calculation

To calculate how much data can be stored within a certain capacity you need to know three things:
1. The size of the data being stored.
2. The available space (capacity) for storing the data.
3. How to convert between the relevant units

Example #1:
If the size of a digital photograph is 8MB, how many photographs can be stored on a 32GB SD
card?
Given: 8MB – size of data
32GB – available space. Need to convert 32GB to MB or 8MB to GB to have the same units.

Asked: Number of photographs can be stored on a 32GB SD Card

Solution: (1) Convert 32 GB to MB

32 * 1024 = 32,768 MB (to have same units

(2) Divide the available space by the space required for one image to find how many can be
stored in total:
32,768 MB / 8 MB = 4,096 images can be stored

Example #2:
How many text documents with a size of 3 KB can you save in 4 MB flash drive?
Given: 3 KB – size of data
4 MB – available space. Need to convert to 4 MB to KB

Asked: Number of text documents can be saved in 4 MB flash drive

Solution:
(1) Convert 4 MB to KB
4 * 1024 = 4,096 KB

(2) 4,096 KB / 8 KB = 1,365 text documents can be stored

ACTIVITY 1: Obtain How Many Can Be Save
Directions: Calculate how much data can be stored within the given capacity. Use a separate sheet of
paper if needed.

1. How many videos with a size of 500 MB can you save in a 4GB flash?

2. A 30 pages word document is about 7.6mb, how many can be saved in 1GB flash drive?

3. If one character is 8 bits, how many characters can be typed in a memory card with 350 bytes
free space.

4. How many can be stored in a 4.7GB DVD, if a single image is 44MB?

 5. If a single mp3 file is 4.2MB, how many can be written in a 700MB Compact Disc

MELC: Carry out measurements and calculation

TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ic-d-4
Objective/Subtask: Perform calculation needed to complete task using the four mathematical
fundamentals operations addition(+), subtraction(-), multiplication(x) and division(÷)
Lesson/Topic: PERFORMING MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (PMC)
Quarter No. 3 Week No. 3 Day: 3-4
Reference/Source: CSS 7/8 SLM 2 Page No.: 13
CHS 7/8 LM 43

Key Concept:

Decimal System
The decimal numeral system is the most commonly used and the standard system in daily life. It
uses the number 10 as its base (radix). Therefore, it has 10 symbols: The numbers from 0 to 9; namely 0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

Number 1735 could be written as 173510 with a base of 10. Since base-ten math seems “natural”
and we been doing base-ten since childhood, its understandable not to write the base.

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system gives positions to the digits in a number and this method works
by using powers of the base 10. The digits are raised to the nth power, in accordance with their position.

Example:
Number 1735
1 7 3 5
1. Multiply each digit with 10
because it is the base of decimal 1 x 10 7 x 10 3 x 10 5 x 10
2. Write an exponent on each base
starting at 0 to nth power. The
ones position has the power of 0, 1 x 104 7 x 102 3 x 101 5 x 100
tens position has power of 1 and
so on
3. Place a + sign to add all the digits. (1 x 103) + (7 x 102) + (3 * 101) + (5*100)

4. Solve the base with its exponent

Exponent Rule: (1 x 1000) + (7 x 100) + (3 x 10) + (5 x 1)
Any number raised to 0 = 1
Thus, 100 = 1
5. Multiply the digit with its base 1000 + 700 + 30 + 5

6. Add all the product or result to get

the total
 1735

Binary System
The binary system has become the language of electronics and computers in the modern world.
This is the most efficient system to detect an electric signal’s off (0) and on (1) state. It is also the basis for
binary code that is used to compose data in computer-based machines.
The binary numeral system uses the number 2 as its base (radix). As a base-2 numeral system, it
consists of only two numbers: 0 and 1.
Example: 00001011
This binary number could also be written as 000010112 with a base of 2.

Decimal to Binary Conversion

Converting decimal number 1210 to corresponding binary number. (Note: Start reading at STEP 1)

Steps in converting decimal number to binary numbers.

7. Write down the remainders from most significant

The most significant
bit (MSB) to least significant bit (LSB)
1100 bit (MSB) is the last
In our example the remainders are 1100 remainder.
6. Continue dividing and write down the
remainders until the result of the division is 0.
In our example, 1 ÷ 2 = 0 Remainder is 1 0 Remainder = 1

5. Continue dividing the result by 2 and write

down the remainder. 2 1 Remainder = 1
In our example, 3 ÷ 2 = 1 Remainder is 1

4. Divide again the result by 2 and write

down the remainder. 2 3 Remainder = 0
In our example, 6 ÷ 2 = 3 Remainder is 0

3. Write the result and write the remainder

2 6 Remainder = 0
which could only be 1 or 0.
In our example, 12 ÷ 2 = 6 Remainder is 0

2. Divide the number by 2. 2 12 The least

significant bit
(LSB) is the first
1. Write down the decimal number. 1210 remainder.

Therefore, 1210 = 11002 in binary

How to get the remainder in detail?

6 0
2 12 2 1
– –
12 0
0 Remainder 1 Remainder
Another example: Convert decimal number 3910 to binary.

0 Remainder 1 MSB
2 1 Remainder 0

2 2 Remainder 0
2 4 Remainder 1

2 9 Remainder 1
2 19 Remainder 1 LSB
2 39

3910

Therefore, 3910 = 1001112

Binary to Decimal Conversion

Convert binary number 11002 to its corresponding decimal number.

1. Write down the binary numbers. 1 1 0 0

2. Multiply each digit with number 2
1x2 1x2 0x2 0x2
because it is the base of binary.
3. Write an exponent on each base
starting at 0 to nth power. The
ones position has the power of 0,
1 x 24 1 x 23 0 x 21 0 x 20
tens position has power of 1 and
so on
4. Place a + sign to add all the digits. 1 x 24 + 1 x 23 + 0 x 21 + 0x2
This is the proper form of the
conversion process.
5. Solve the base with its exponent 1x8 + 1x4 + 0x2 + 0x1

7. Multiply the digit with its base. 8 + 4 + 0 + 0

8. Add all the product or result to get

12
the equivalent decimal number.
Therefore, 11002 = 1210

How to solve exponents in detail?

 Exponents are the number of times a number is multiplied by itself.
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 103 = 10 x 10 x 10
= 8 = 1000
 If the exponent is 1, then you just have the number itself (example 21 = 2)
  If the exponent is 0, then you get 1 (example 20 = 1)

Another example: Convert binary number 1001112 to decimal.

=1 0 0 1 1 1
=1x2 0x2 0x2 1x2 1x2 1x2
= 1 x 25 0x2 4
0 x 23 1 x 22 1 x 21 1 x 20
= 1 x 25 + 0 x 2 + 0 x 23 +
4
1 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 1 x 20
= 1 x 32 + 0 x 16 + 0 x 8 + 1x4 + 1x2 + 1x1
= 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 39

Therefore, 1001112 = 3910

Note: If you have mastered the steps, you can immediately write the conversion process to its
proper form.
For example: Convert binary number 1001112 to decimal.

= 1 x 25 + 0 x 24 + 0 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 1 x 20
= 1 x 32 + 0 x 16 + 0 x 8 + 1 x 4 + 1x2 + 1x1
= 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 39

Therefore, 1001112 = 3910

ACTIVITY 2: Decimal to Binary Conversion

Directions: Convert the following decimal numbers to binary numbers. Show the solution and use a
separate sheet in answering.

1. 810

2. 2910

3. 1010

4. 12710

5. 3210

ACTIVITY 3: Binary to Decimal Conversion

Directions: Convert the following binary numbers to decimal numbers. Show the solution and use a
separate sheet in answering.
1. 10002
2. 1011012

3. 11112

4. 111002
5. 10000012
ANSWER KEY:

ACTIVITY 1: Obtain How Many Can

Be Save

1. 8 videos
2. 134 word document
3. 350 characters
4. 109 images
5. 166 mp3s

ACTIVITY 2: Decimal to Binary

Conversion

1. 10002
2. 111012
3. 10102
4. 11111112
5. 1000002

ACTIVITY 3: Binary to Decimal

Conversion

1. 810
2. 45
3. 15
4. 28
5. 65