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GPS Subjective QA

The document outlines key principles of GPS, including the working principle of analytical resection, the three main segments of the GPS system (space, control, and user), and the importance of using four satellites for accurate positioning. It discusses various technical aspects such as PRN codes, signal frequencies, and the role of atomic clocks, as well as applications of GPS in agriculture, construction, and environmental monitoring. Additionally, it addresses concerns like spoofing and the significance of ionospheric models in enhancing GPS accuracy.

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5 views4 pages

GPS Subjective QA

The document outlines key principles of GPS, including the working principle of analytical resection, the three main segments of the GPS system (space, control, and user), and the importance of using four satellites for accurate positioning. It discusses various technical aspects such as PRN codes, signal frequencies, and the role of atomic clocks, as well as applications of GPS in agriculture, construction, and environmental monitoring. Additionally, it addresses concerns like spoofing and the significance of ionospheric models in enhancing GPS accuracy.

Uploaded by

devendrak1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GPS Principles - Subjective Questions and Answers

Q1: Describe the working principle of GPS using analytical resection.

A1: Analytical resection in GPS involves determining the position of an unknown point using signals from at

least four known GPS satellites. Each satellite sends its position and time, and the receiver calculates

distances using signal travel time. The point is found at the intersection of the spheres formed by these

distances.

Q2: What are the three main segments of the GPS system and their functions?

A2: The three segments are:

- Space Segment: GPS satellites transmitting signals.

- Control Segment: Ground stations monitoring, controlling, and updating satellite data.

- User Segment: Devices receiving GPS signals and calculating positions.

Q3: Why is it important to use four satellites in GPS positioning?

A3: Four satellites are needed to solve for the three spatial coordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude) and to

correct the receiver's internal clock bias, which affects accuracy.

Q4: Explain the concept of "whole to part" in surveying.

A4: Whole to part involves establishing a large control framework first and then filling in details, which

localizes errors and prevents them from accumulating across the survey.

Q5: What is the difference between precision and accuracy in surveying?

A5: Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision is how close repeated

measurements are to each other, regardless of correctness.


GPS Principles - Subjective Questions and Answers

Q6: How does a GPS receiver determine its distance from a satellite?

A6: The receiver calculates the time taken by a signal to travel from the satellite and multiplies it by the speed

of light to determine the distance.

Q7: What is the role of the Control Segment in GPS?

A7: It includes stations that track satellites, collect data, compute corrections, maintain satellite health, and

upload navigation data to satellites.

Q8: How do atomic clocks contribute to GPS accuracy?

A8: Atomic clocks provide extremely precise timing signals, enabling accurate distance calculations. Receiver

clocks are adjusted to sync with these atomic time references.

Q9: What are PRN codes and how do they function in GPS?

A9: Pseudo-Random Number (PRN) codes are unique sequences of binary digits that identify each satellite

and help measure the signal's travel time.

Q10: Compare the L1 and L2 GPS signals in terms of frequency and application.

A10: L1 (1575.42 MHz) is used for civilian purposes, while L2 (1227.6 MHz) supports military applications

and dual-frequency receivers for improved accuracy.

Q11: What are the major civilian and military GPS codes used, and how are they different?

A11: C/A Code (civilian): modulated on L1, low accuracy, openly accessible.

P(Y) Code (military): encrypted, modulated on L1 and L2, more resistant to jamming and spoofing.
GPS Principles - Subjective Questions and Answers

Q12: Describe the navigation message format transmitted by GPS satellites.

A12: The message consists of 5 subframes:

- Subframe 1: Satellite clock correction and health.

- 2 & 3: Ephemeris data.

- 4 & 5: Ionospheric parameters, almanac data, and status indicators.

Q13: Explain how bi-phase modulation is used in GPS signal transmission.

A13: Bi-phase modulation changes the phase (direction) of a carrier wave to represent binary data (0s and

1s), enabling information to be encoded in GPS signals.

Q14: List and describe at least three environmental applications of GPS.

A14: GPS tracks pollution levels, supports disaster monitoring, and helps manage environmental data

spatially.

Q15: What is spoofing in GPS, and why is it a concern?

A15: Spoofing is when false GPS signals are sent to mislead a receiver, potentially causing incorrect

navigation or data-critical in aviation and defense.

Q16: Describe how GPS is used in agriculture and construction.

A16: GPS guides machinery in precise farming (e.g., planting, spraying) and in construction for grading,

digging, and layout, increasing efficiency and accuracy.

Q17: Explain the importance of ionospheric models in GPS signal correction.


GPS Principles - Subjective Questions and Answers

A17: Ionospheric models help correct delays in signal travel time caused by atmospheric interference,

improving GPS accuracy.

Q18: What are the components of a GPS receiver system in surveying?

A18: Antenna, receiver, controller (computer/processor) form the basic GPS receiver setup.

Q19: How is satellite ephemeris data used in GPS?

A19: It provides the precise orbit information of a satellite, which is essential for accurately determining the

receiver's location.

Q20: Outline the history and development timeline of NAVSTAR GPS.

A20: NAVSTAR began in 1978 with 4 satellites, became fully operational with 24 satellites in 1993.

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