BITS College

Statistical Methods MT361 Worksheet II

Chapter 5: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

1. What is sampling and sampling distribution?

2. What are the basic terms in sampling and their definitions?
3. Types of errors can be committed while sampling and their characteristics
4. List down types of sampling techniques and their common properties
5. Why sampling is important?
6. What are the two types of sampling methods?
A. Random sampling and non-probability sampling
B. Probability sampling and random sampling
C. Non-probability sampling and non-random sampling
D. All of the above
E. None of these

7. A sampling method in which every possible subject has an equal chance of being selected
is called

A. Systematic random sampling C. Cluster random sampling

B. Stratified random sampling D. Simple random sampling
8. Convenience sampling is an example of

A. Probabilistic sampling C. Non-probabilistic sampling

B. Stratified sampling D. Cluster sampling

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Chapter 6: One Sample Inference

1. A property of a point estimator that occurs whenever larger sample sizes tend to provide
point estimates closer to the population parameter is known as

A. efficiency C. consistency
B. unbiased sampling D. relative estimation
2. Which statement is NOT true about hypothesis tests?

A. Hypothesis tests are only valid when the sample is representative of the population for
the question of interest.
B. Hypotheses are statements about the population represented by the samples.
C. Hypotheses are statements about the sample (or samples) from the population.
D. Conclusions are statements about the population represented by the samples.
3. Null and alternative hypotheses can be statements about which of the following?
A. population parameters. C. sample statistics.
B. sample estimates. D. None
4. The researchers are not satisfied with their confidence interval and want to do another study to
find a narrower confidence interval. What should they change to ensure they find a narrower
confidence interval?
A. They should increase their confidence level and increase their sample size.
B. They should increase their confidence level but decrease their sample size.
C. They should decrease their confidence level but increase their sample size.
D. They should decrease their confidence level and decrease their sample size.
5. In a two-tailed hypothesis about a population mean with a sample size of 100 and
α = 0.05, the rejection region would be _______.
A. z > 1.64 C. z < -1.96 and z > 1.96
B. z > 1.96 D. z < -1.64 and z > 1.64
6. A researcher is testing a hypothesis of a single mean. The critical z value for α= .05 and a two-
tailed test is +1.96. The observed test statistic value from sample data is -1.85. The decision made
by the researcher based on this information is to _____ the null hypothesis
A. Reject B. do not reject

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 C. redefine D. change the alternate hypothesis
7. A Type I error is committed when
A. we reject a null hypothesis that is true.
B. we don't reject a null hypothesis that is true.
C. we reject a null hypothesis that is false.
D. we don't reject a null hypothesis that is false.
8. If a test of hypothesis has a Type I error probability (α) of 0.01, we mean
A. if the null hypothesis is true, we don't reject it 1% of the time.
B. if the null hypothesis is true, we reject it 1% of the time.
C. if the null hypothesis is false, we don't reject it 1% of the time.
D. if the null hypothesis is false, we reject it 1% of the time.
9. A pharmaceutical company claims that its weight loss drug allows women to lose 8.5lb after
one month of treatment. If we want to conduct an experiment to determine if the patients are
losing less weight than advertised, which of the following hypotheses should be used?
A. H0: µ = 8.5; Ha: µ > 8.5 D. H0: µ ≠ 8.5; Ha: µ > 8.5
B. H0: µ = 8.5; Ha: µ = 8.5 E. H0: µ ≠ 8.5; Ha: µ < 8.5
C. H0: µ = 8.5; Ha: µ < 8.5
10. From a normal population with the standard deviation is 4.2. A sample of size 25 is taken with
mean of 32. Find 99% confidence interval for the population mean.
11. A sample from an assumed normal distribution produced the values 9, 14, 10, 12, 7, 13, 12.
a) What is the single best estimate of  ? b) Find an 90% C.I. for  ?
12. The manager claims that the average content of juice per bottle is less than 50cl. The machine
operator disagrees. A sample of 100 bottles yields an average content of 49cl per bottle. Does this
sample allow the manager to claim he is right (5% significance level)? Assume that the population
standard deviation s = 5 cl.

13. Assuming normality, perform a test for each of the following hypotheses:

a) H 0 :  = 55 Vs H A :   55,  = 0.01, n = 25, x = 50, s = 10 .

b) H 0 :  = 327 Vs H A :   327 ,  = 0.10, n = 9, x = 329 .3, s = 3 .

17. Accepting a false null hypothesis is an example of what?

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 A. Type II error D. Significance testing
B. Type 1 error E. Probability testing
C. Experimenter bias F. Chance
18. Incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis is an example of what?
A. Type I error D. Type II error
B. Participant bias E. Significance testing
C. Significance testing F. Chance

19. In hypothesis testing, the hypothesis tentatively assumed to be true is

A. the alternative hypothesis

B. the null hypothesis

C. either the null or the alternative

D. None of these

20. In point estimation

A. data from the population is used to estimate the population parameter

B. data from the sample is used to estimate the population parameter

C. data from the sample is used to estimate the sample statistic

D. the mean of the population equals the mean of the sample

21. The 95% confidence interval for the mean:

A. Contains the sample mean with 95% certainty.
B. Is less likely to contain the population mean than the 99% confidence interval.
C. Contains 95% of the observations in the population.
D. Is approximately equal to the sample mean plus and minus two standard deviations
22. For a sample of 400 blood pressure values, the mean is 120 and the standard deviation is 10.
Assuming a bell-shaped curve, which interval is likely to contain almost all (over 99%) of the
blood pressure values in the sample?
A. 119 to 121 B. 110 to 130

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 C. 100 to 140 D. 90 to 150
23. Null and alternative hypotheses can be statements about which of the following?
A. population parameters. C. sample statistics.
B. sample estimates. D. None
25. The confidence level for a confidence interval for a mean is
A. the probability of making a Type I error if the interval is used to test a null
hypothesis about the population mean.
B. the probability that individuals in the population have values that fall into the
interval.
C. the probability that the procedure provides an interval that covers the sample mean.
D. the probability that the procedure provides an interval that covers the population
mean.
26. The level of significance (usually .05) associated with a significance test is the probability
A. that the alternative hypothesis is true. C. of not rejecting a true null hypothesis.
B. that the null hypothesis is true. D. of rejecting a true null hypothesis.
27. Which of the following quantities does NOT affect the width of a confidence interval for a
population mean?
A. The confidence level. C. The sample size.
B. The sample mean. D. The population size.

28. A Type II error is made when

A. the null hypothesis is accepted when it is false.
B. the null hypothesis is rejected when it is true.
C. the alternate hypothesis is accepted when it is false.
D. the null hypothesis is accepted when it is true.
E. the alternate hypothesis is accepted when it is true.

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Chapter 7: Simple Linear Regressions and Correlation

1. The correlation coefficient r = 0 implies

A. There is no relationship between the two variables
B. The two variables may have non-linear relationship between them
C. There is no linear relationship between the two variables
D. B and C
2. Which one is false about the simple linear regression, y = β0 + β1 x + ε?

A. β0 and β1 are unknown parameters

B. We assume the random error, ε ~ N (0, σ)
C. The error terms are independent from one another
D. β0 interpreted as the mean response when x = 0
E. β1 interpreted as the change in the mean response when x is increased by 1 unit.
F. None
3. We can measure the proportion of the variation explained by the regression model
by
A. Coefficient of determination D. Sample variance
B. Sample standard deviation E. Population variance
C. Correlation coefficient

4. In the regression model Y = α + βx + ε the change in Y for a one unit increase in x:

A. will always be the same amount, α C. will depend on the error term
B. will always be the same amount, β D. will depend on the level of x
5. The research director of the Saving and Loan Bank collected 25 observation of
montage interest rates X and number of house sales Y at each interest rate. The director
computed that, ∑ xi = 125, ∑ yi = 100, ∑ xi yi = 520 , ∑ xi2 = 650 , ∑ yi2 = 436. Then,
compute and interpret coefficient of correlation. Also, fit the regression line y = b0 + b1 x

6. For the following example [the number of hours (X) a student spent studying and
the marks (Y) each student received in an examination]: Assuming simple linear
relationship between X and Y,

x 8 5 11 13 10 6 18 15 2 9

y 65 44 79 72 70 54 90 85 33 56

A. Find the estimated regression equation of Y on X;

B. Give the predicted value of Y for X= 12
C. Find correlation coefficient, r.

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7. Please indicate the strength and direction of the relationships described by each of
the following values of Pearson’s r by writing ✔ into the relevant box.

Pearson's r Strong negative Weak negative None Weak positive Strong positive

r=0.8

r=-0.09

r=0

r=-0.93

r=-0.73

r=0.06

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