9

% Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION
Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 -
8180

SCIENCE
Quarter 1: Week 6
Learning Activity Sheets
 Science 9

Name of Learner: ________________________________________ Date: ____________

Section: _______________________________________________ Q1 Week6

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Background Information

Photosynthesis is a process of food making done by plants and other autotrophic organisms.
The presence of chlorophyll enables these organisms to make their own food. Autotrophic organisms
require light energy, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) to make food in the form of sugar
(C6H12O6).
In plants, photosynthesis primarily takes place in the leaves and little or none in stems depending
on the presence of chlorophyll. The typical parts of the leaves include the upper and lower epidermis,
mesophyll spongy layer, vascular bundles, and stomata. The upper and lower epidermis protects the
leaves and has nothing to do with photosynthetic processes. Mesophyll has the most number of
chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. They are important in trapping light energy from the sun.
Vascular bundles - phloem and xylem serve as transporting vessels of manufactured food and water.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen were collected in the spongy layer and entered and exited the leaf through
the stomata.
Internal Structure of a Leaf

• Air Space - intercellular gaps within

the spongy mesophyll. These gaps are
filled with gas that the plant uses
(carbon dioxide - CO2) and gases that
the plant is expelling (oxygen - O2, and
water vapor).
• Cuticle - the waxy, water-repelling
layer on the top and bottom surfaces
of a leaf; it helps keep the leaf from
dying out (and protects it from
invading bacteria, insects, and fungi).
The cuticle is secreted by the Fig. 1 Structure of a Leaf
epidermis. Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Leaf_anatomy.svg

• Guard Cell - one of a pair of sausage-shaped cells that surround a stoma (a pore in a leaf).
Guard cells change shape (as light and humidity change), causing the stoma to open and close.
• Lower Epidermis - the lowermost layer of the leaf that contains more stomata, which is mainly
involved in the gas exchange.
• Mesophyll - part of the leaf between thin layers’ surface, containing the cells responsible for
photosynthesis.
• Palisade Mesophyll - a layer of elongated cells located under the upper epidermis. These
cells contain most of the leaf's chlorophyll, converting sunlight into usable chemical energy for
the plant.
• Spongy Mesophyll - the layer below the palisade mesophyll; it has irregularly-shaped cells
with many air spaces between the cells. These cells contain some chlorophyll. The spongy
mesophyll cells communicate with the guard cells (stomata), causing them to open or close,
depending on the concentration of gases.

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• Stoma (plural stomata) - a pore (or opening) in a leaf where water vapor and other gases
leave and enter the plant. Stomata are formed by two guard cells that regulate the opening and
closing of the pore.
• Upper Epidermis - it is the protective uppermost layer of the leaf, which is mainly involved in
water conservation.
• Veins (vascular bundle) - it provides support for the leaf and transport both water and
minerals (via xylem) from the roots to the different parts of the plant and food energy (via phloem)
from the leaf to the different parts of the plant.
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. They are only present in
photosynthetic cells like plants cells and algae. There are no chloroplasts in animal or bacteria
cells.
The parts of a chloroplast include:
• Outer Membrane – It is a semi-porous membrane and is permeable to small molecules and
ions, which diffuses easily. The outer membrane is not permeable to larger proteins.
• Intermembrane Space – It is usually a thin intermembrane space about 10-20 nanometers
and it is present between the outer and the inner membrane of the chloroplast.
• Inner Membrane – The inner membrane of the chloroplast forms a border to the stroma. It
regulates passage of materials in and out of the chloroplast. In addition to regulation activity,
the fatty acids, lipids and carotenoids are synthesized in the inner chloroplast membrane.
• Stroma- Stroma is an alkaline, aqueous fluid which is protein rich and is present within the
inner membrane of the chloroplast. The chloroplast DNA chloroplast ribosomes and the
thylakoid system, starch granules and many proteins are found floating around the stroma.
• Thylakoid System- The thylakoid system is suspended in the stroma. The thylakoid system
is a collection of membranous sacs called thylakoids. The chlorophyll is found in the
thylakoids and is the sight for the process of light reactions of photosynthesis to happen. The
thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana.
• Grana – (plural granum) – is a stack of thylakoids discs. Each granum contains around 10-20
thylakoids.

The chlorophyll is built into the

membranes of the thylakoids.
Chlorophyll absorbs white light but it
looks green because white light consists
of the three primary colors: red, blue, and
green. Only red and blue light is
absorbed thus making these colors
unavailable to be seen by our naked
eyes while the green light is reflected
which makes the chlorophyll look green.
However, the energy from red and blue
light will be used in photosynthesis.
Fig. 2 Parts of a Chloroplast
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?cirrusUserTesting=me
diasearch_commons&search=chloroplast&title=Special%3ASearch
&go=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/me

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Stages of Photosynthesis

Fig. 3 Two Stages of Photosynthesis

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_08_01_06.jpg

Two stages of photosynthesis:

1. Light-dependent Reaction - happens in the presence of light. It occurs in the thylakoid
membrane and converts light energy to chemical energy. Water, one of the raw materials of
photosynthesis, is utilized during this stage and facilitates the formation of free electrons and oxygen.
The energy harvested during this stage is stored in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and
NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen). These products will be needed
in the next stage to complete photosynthetic processes.
2. Calvin Cycle (dark reaction) is a light-independent phase that takes place in the stroma and
converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into sugar. This stage does not directly need light but needs the
products of light reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate
carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). The six-carbon intermediate reacts with water and decomposes
into two identical three-carbon molecules called phosphoglycerate. These, in turn, react with ATP and
NADPH to produce PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) molecules.
Plants have green pigments called chlorophyll stored in the chloroplast. This pigment aids
in capturing light energy from the sun that enables the plants to change it into chemical energy stored
in the food. This process is called photosynthesis.
carbon dioxide + water chlorophyll glucose + oxygen
(CO2) (H 2 O ) (C6H12O6) (O2)
sunlight
end product by-product

Learning Competency
Differentiate basic features and importance of photosynthesis and respiration. S9LT-lg-j-31

Activity 1 – Food in The Making

Directions: A. Look at the picture below and fill out the blank using the words inside the box.

water sugar carbon

dioxide light oxygen

Photosynthesis is a process where plants use

____________ from the sun to convert _____________ from the
air and _____________ from the soil into _______________ to
feed the plant and ____________ is given out in the air.

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 B. Write the raw materials and end products of photosynthesis.
Raw Materials Products

Activity 2 – Please, Complete Me.

Directions: Complete the table of internal structures of a leaf below by filling up the required data
for each cell.
Structure Description Function
are formed by two guard cells
1. 2.
that regulate the opening and
closing of the pore

cuticle 3. 4.

part of the leaf between thin containing the cells responsible for
5.
surface layers’ surface photosynthesis
contain most of the leaf's
7. chlorophyll, converting sunlight into
6.
usable chemical energy for the
plant
veins (vascular bundle) it contains xylem and phloem 8.

9. the lowermost layer of the leaf 10.

Activity 3 - Let’s Get Labelled!

Directions: Label the parts of a chloroplast and the internal structure of a leaf. Write your answer
on the space provided for each number.

2
1

1. _______________________
3
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _______________________
5. _______________________
4
6. _______________________
7. _______________________

6 5
7

5
 8
8. _______________________
9. _______________________ 9
10. ______________________ 10
11. ______________________ 15
12. ______________________
13. ______________________ 11
14. ______________________
15. ______________________
12

13 14

Activity 4 – Through “Light” and “Dark”!

Directions: Complete the following chart of the 2 stages of photosynthesis:

Reaction Location Reactants Products

Light-Dependent
Reaction

Calvin Cycle
(Dark Reaction)

Activity 5 – Conceptualize the Process of Food Making

Directions: Fill out the figures below showing the entire process of photosynthesis. Choose your
answer inside the box.

water sugar photosynthesis light reaction carbon dioxide

oxygen ATP Calvin Cycle NDPH

1.

2. 4.
__
3.
5. 6.
___
______ ______

8. 7.
__
9.
____
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Reflection

A. What have I learned about photosynthesis?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

B. What have I enjoyed most?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

References

Alvarez, Liza, Angeles, Dave, Apurada, Hernan, Carmona, Ma. Pilar, et. al, Science 9 Learner’s Module,
Pasig City: Department of Education, 2014, ISBN# 978- 621-407-027-5, pp. 18-23

Enchanted Learning, Accessed on August 27, 2020,

https://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/leaf/

A-Level Biology, Accessed on August 27, 2020

https://alevelbiology.co.uk/notes/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions/

“Leaf anatomy” By H McKenna – (CC BY-SA 2.5) via Commons Wikimedia, Accessed on August 27,
2020.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Leaf_anatomy.svg

CNX OpenStax Biology via Commons Wikimedia, Accessed on August 27, 2020.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_08_01_06.jpg

“Plant leaf epidermis (251 16) Lower epidermis of lime tree (Tilia)” By Doc. RNDr. Josef Reischig, -CSc.
– Author’s archive (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia, Accessed on August 27, 2020
https://pediaa.com/difference-between-upper-and-lower-epidermis/

CNX OpensStax (CC BY 4.0) via Commons Wikimedia, Accessed on August 27, 2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?cirrusUserTesting=mediasearch_commons&search=chlor
oplast&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/
File:Figure_08_01_05.png

Answer Key
Activity 1 - Food in The Making
A. Photosynthesis is a process where plants use light from the sun to convert carbon dioxide
from the air and water from the soil into sugar to feed the plant and oxygen is given
out in the air.
B. Raw Materials Products
light oxygen
water glucose (sugar)
carbon dioxide
chlorophyll

Activity 2 - Please, Complete Me!

Structure Description Function

are formed by two guard cells that 2. a pore (or opening) in a leaf
1. stoma/stomata
regulate the opening and closing of Where water vapor and other
the pore gases leave and enter the plant
3. water-repelling layer on the top 4. helps keep the leaf from dying
cuticle
out (and protects it from invading
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 and bottom surfaces of a leaf bacteria, insects, and fungi)
part of the leaf between thin surface containing the cells responsible for
5. mesophyll
layers’ surface photosynthesis
contain most of the leaf's chlorophyll,
7. a layer of elongated cells located
6. palisade mesophyll converting sunlight into usable chemical
under the upper epidermis
energy for the plant
8. provide support for the leaf and
transport both water and minerals
veins (vascular bundle) it contains xylem and phloem (via xylem) and food energy (via
phloem) through the leaf and on to
the rest of the plant
10. mainly involved in the gas
9. lower epidermis the lowermost layer of the leaf
exchange.

Activity 3 - Let’s Get Labelled!

1. intermembrane space 9. upper epidermis
2. outer membrane 10. palisade mesophyll
3. inner membrane 11. spongy mesophyll
4. granum 12. lower epidermis
5. thylakoid lumen 13. stoma
6. stroma 14. guard cells
7. thylakoid 15. vascular bundles
8. cuticle

Activity 4 - Through “Light” and “Dark”!

Reaction Location Reactants Products

Light-Dependent ATP, NADPH, and
Thylakoid Sunlight and water
Reaction Oxygen
Calvin Cycle (Dark ATP, NADPH and
stroma PGAL
Reaction) Carbon Dioxide

Activity 5 – Conceptualize the Process of Food Making

1. Photosynthesis
2. Light Reaction
3. Water
4. Oxygen
5-6. NADPH – ATP
7. Calvin Cycle
8. carbon dioxide
9. sugar

Prepared by:

Sarah C. Arcellana
Teacher I (Sto. Cristo IS)
(Writer/Illustrator/Layout Artist)