Representation OF FUNCTION

Basic Terms
Relation
- is a set of ordered pairs
Ex: {(1, 6), (2, 7), (4, 9)}
Domain
- set of all first elements of the ordered pairs
Ex: (1, 2, 4)

Range
- set of all second elements of the ordered pairs
Ex: (6, 7, 9)
 ONE-TO-ONE
Relation

TYPES OF MANY-TO-ONE
RELATION Relation

ONE-TO-MANY
Relation
 ONE TO ONE RELATION

ሼ 𝟏, 𝟔 𝟐, 𝟕 𝟑, 𝟖 𝟒, 𝟗 ሽ

No repetition of domain and range in the

set of ordered pairs.
 MANY TO ONE RELATION

ሼ 𝟏, 𝟗 𝟐, 𝟕 𝟑, 𝟖 𝟒, 𝟗 ሽ

Repetition of range in the set of ordered

pairs.
 ONE-TO-MANY RELATION

ሼ 𝟏, 𝟔 𝟐, 𝟕 𝟑, 𝟖 𝟏, 𝟗 ሽ

➢ Repetition of domain in the set of

ordered pairs.
 PRACTICE EXERCISES

Determine if the relation is one to one, many to one or

one to many.
1) ሼ 5,6 4,9 3,6 2,7 ሽ

MANY TO ONE
 PRACTICE EXERCISES

Determine if the relation is one to one, many to one or

one to many.
2) ሼ 9,6 8,9 3,5 8,7 ሽ

ONE TO MANY
 PRACTICE EXERCISES

Determine if the relation is one to one, many to one or

one to many.
3) ሼ 7,5 4,9 3,6 2,8 ሽ

ONE TO ONE
 PRACTICE EXERCISES

Determine if the relation is one to one, many to one or

one to many.
4) ሼ 17,15 14,9 3,6 12,8 ሽ

ONE TO ONE
 PRACTICE EXERCISES

Determine if the relation is one to one, many to one or

one to many.
5) ሼ 10,5 4,9 3,6 2,5 ሽ

MANY TO ONE
 FUNCTION

- “special relation”
- every x-value must be associated to only one
value
-Every input(domain) must have an
output(range).
-Two different inputs can have the same output.
- One input can have ONLY ONE output.
FUNCTION

-It can be represented by ordered

pairs, mapping diagram, graph, and
equation
Example

Which of the following relations are FUNCTIONS?

f = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5)}

g = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}
h = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (3, 8)}
Example

Determine whether the relationship given in the

mapping diagram is a FUNCTION

FUNCTION
Example

Determine whether the relationship given in the

mapping diagram is a FUNCTION

NOT A FUNCTION
Example

Determine whether the relationship given in the

mapping diagram is a FUNCTION

FUNCTION
 VERTICAL LINE TEST

-a graph represents a function if and only if each

vertical line intersects the graph at most one.
Example

Which of the following graphs can be graphs of

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION
Example

Which of the following equations describe a

FUNCTION?
FUNCTION

FUNCTION

NOT A FUNCTION
Function as Representation of Real-Life Situation
Example

Let’s try to create equations using the following situations.

A. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that

can represent the height of a person in a age, if every year
the height is added by 2 inches.
Example

Let’s try to create equations using the following situations.

B. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D

that can represent the distance a car travels in t time, if
every hour the car travels 60 kilometers.
Example

Let’s try to create equations using the following situations.

C. Give a function B that can represent the amount of

battery charge of a cellular phone in h hour, if 12% of battery
was loss every hour.
ACTIVITY

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem.

1) A person is earning ₱750.00 per day to do a certain

job. Express the total salary S as a function of the
number n of days that the person works.
ACTIVITY

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem.

1) A person is earning ₱750.00 per day to do a certain

job. Express the total salary S as a function of the
number n of days that the person works.
ACTIVITY 1

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem.

2) A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in every hour of

computer rental. Represent your computer rental fee
(R) using the function R(t) where t is the number of
hours you spent on the computer
ACTIVITY

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem.

3) A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in every hour of

computer rental. Represent your computer rental fee
(R) using the function R(t) where t is the number of
hours you spent on the computer
ACTIVITY 1

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem.

3) A pizza place charges ₱300 for a regular-sized pizza

and an additional ₱50 for each extra topping. Let 𝑃(𝑛)
represent the total cost of a pizza with 𝑛 extra toppings.
ACTIVITY 1

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem.

3) A pizza place charges ₱300 for a regular-sized pizza

and an additional ₱50 for each extra topping. Let 𝑃(𝑛)
represent the total cost of a pizza with 𝑛 extra toppings.
𝑃 𝑛 = 300 + 50(𝑛)
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
 PIECEWISE FUNCTION

- is a function in which more than one formula is

used to define the output.
Example

Given the piecewise-define function

Find 𝑓(0) and 𝑓(−3)

Example

Given the piecewise-define function

𝑥 + 3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ 2
𝑥 + 3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
Find 𝑓(−5) and 𝑓(3)
ACTIVITY 2

Given the piecewise-define function

𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ 2
𝑥 + 3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
Find 𝑓(−5) and 𝑓(3)
ACTIVITY 2

Given the piecewise-define function

𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ 2
−𝑥 + 3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
Find 𝑓(−5) and 𝑓(3)
EXAMPLE

A tricycle ride cost ₱10.00 for the first 2 kilometers or less,

and each additional kilometer adds ₱8.00 to the fare. Use a
piecewise function to represent the tricycle fare in terms of
the distance d in kilometers.

𝟏𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝒅 ≤ 𝟐
𝑪 𝒅 =ቊ
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖 𝒅 − 𝟐 , 𝒊𝒇 𝒅 > 𝟐
Example

The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party

is ₱250.00 per head for 50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head
for 51 to 100 persons, and ₱150.00 per head for more than
100. Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of the
number of attendees to the party.

𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒉, 𝒊𝒇 𝒉 ≤ 𝟓𝟎
𝑪 𝒉 = ቐ𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒉, 𝒊𝒇 𝟓𝟏 ≤ 𝒉 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒉, 𝒊𝒇 𝒉 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎
ACTIVITY 3
Fill in the missing terms to show the piecewise function of the
problem
A parking fee at SM Lucena costs ₱25.00 for the first two hours or
less and an extra ₱5.00 for each hour of extension. If you park for
more than twelve hours, you instead pay a flat rate of ₱100.00.
Represent your parking fee using the function p(t) where t is the
number of hours you parked in the mall.
ACTIVITY
Fill in the missing terms to show the piecewise function of the
problem
A parking fee at SM Lucena costs ₱25.00 for the first two hours or
less and an extra ₱5.00 for each hour of extension. If you park for
more than twelve hours, you instead pay a flat rate of ₱100.00.
Represent your parking fee using the function p(t) where t is the
number of hours you parked in the mall.

𝟐𝟓, 𝒊𝒇 𝒕 ≤ 𝟐
𝑪 𝒕 = ൞𝟐𝟓 + 𝟓 𝒕 − 𝟐 𝒊𝒇 𝟐 < 𝒕 ≤ 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒕 > 𝟏𝟐
ACTIVITY
Represent the given function to piecewise function.

A van rental charges ₱5,500.00 flat rate for a whole-day tour in

CALABARZON of 5 passengers or less and each additional passenger
added ₱500.00 to the tour fare. Express a piecewise function to
show to represent the van rental in terms number of passenger n.
ACTIVITY 3
Represent the given function to piecewise function.

A van rental charges ₱5,500.00 flat rate for a whole-day tour in

CALABARZON of 5 passengers or less and each additional passenger
added ₱500.00 to the tour fare. Express a piecewise function to
show to represent the van rental in terms number of passenger n.

𝟓, 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒏 ≤ 𝟓
𝑽 𝒏 =ቊ
𝟓, 𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎𝟎(𝒏 − 𝟓), 𝒊𝒇 𝒏 > 𝟓
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
 EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

- is the process of determining the value of the function at the

number assigned to a given variable. Just like in evaluating
algebraic expressions, to evaluate function you just need to
a.) replace each letter in the expression with the assigned
value and
b.) perform the operations in the expression using the
correct order of operations.
Example

Evaluate the following functions at 𝑥 = 3

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1
2
2. 𝑞 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2
3. 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥+1
2𝑥+1
4. 𝑟 𝑥 =
𝑥−1
Example

Evaluate the following functions at 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 1

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1
2
2. 𝑞 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1
Example

Evaluate the following functions.

𝑥 4
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 ; 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 1
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 ; 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 1
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 8 ; 𝑥 = 3
Example

Find 𝑔(−4) and 𝑟(1) where g and r as define below

2𝑥+1
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥+1 𝑟 𝑥 =
𝑥−1

NOT POSSIBLE
Example

An internet café charges P25.00 pesos per hour for

the first four hours and an added extra of P15.00
per hour for each next hour. What is the amount
paid for the following time?
a. 2hrs
b. 3.5hrs
c. 6hrs
d. 7.2hrs
Example

25𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 4
𝐶 ℎ =ቊ
25𝑥 + 15 𝑥 − 4 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 4

a. P50.00
b. P87.5
c. P180.00
d. P228.00
Example

Driving lessons require a rental car fee of P 500. 00

for the first 8 km. and for every kilometer added
charges an additional fee of P 50.00. How much
will it cost for the following distance.
a. 7km
b. 9km
Example

500, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 8
𝐶 𝑑 =ቊ
500 + 50(𝑥 − 8), 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 8

a. P500.00
b. P550.00
ACTIVITY 3
Evaluate the following functions.
2
1. 𝑔 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 7; 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1
2. ℎ 𝑡 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4; 𝑡 = 2
3𝑥 2 −1
3. 𝑘 𝑥 = 2𝑥+4
;𝑥 = −3

𝑥 3
4. 𝑔 𝑝 = 4 ; 𝑥 = 2

5. A swimming pool charges an entrance fee of 100 pesos for the

first 2 hours. For every additional hour spent in the pool, there is
an extra charge of 40. How much will it cause to swim in 5 hours?
ACTIVITY 3
Evaluate the following functions.
2
1. 5𝑥 − 2
2. 2 3
3. −13
4. 8

100, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
5. 𝐶 𝑑 =ቊ
100 + 40 𝑥 − 2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2

𝐶(5) = 𝑃220.00
ACTIVITY 3
Evaluate the following functions.
2
1. 𝑔 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 7; 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1
2. ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4; 𝑥 = 2
3. A swimming pool charges an entrance fee of 100 pesos for the
first 2 hours. For every additional hour spent in the pool, there is
an extra charge of 40. How much will it cause to swim in 5 hours?
ACTIVITY 3
Evaluate the following functions.
2
1. 5𝑥 − 2
2. 2 3

100, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
3. 𝐶 𝑑 =ቊ
100 + 40 𝑥 − 2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2

𝐶(5) = 𝑃220.00
Quiz no. 1

Give 1 example for each of the following:

1. one-to-one relation
2. one-to-many relation
3. many-to-one relation
4-5. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2; 𝑥 = 5
2𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
For the function ℎ 𝑥 = ቊ 2
𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
6. Find ℎ(−3)?
7. Find ℎ 2 ?
8-10. A gym charges a one-time membership fee of ₱1,000 for the first 3 sessions
and an additional ₱150 per session for every session beyond the 3rd. What is the
total cost for 5 sessions? Write the function f(x), where x represents the number
of sessions.
Quiz no. 1

Give 1 example for each of the following:

1. one-to-one relation
2. one-to-many relation
3. many-to-one relation
4-5. 𝑓 5 = 72
2𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
For the function ℎ 𝑥 = ቊ 2
𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
6. ℎ −3 = −5
7. ℎ 2 = 4
1000, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 3
8-10. 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ
1,000 + 150 𝑥 − 3 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 3
𝑓 5 = 1300
Operations on Functions
Operations on Functions

1. Their sum, denoted by 𝑓 + 𝑔, is the function denoted

by
𝒇 + 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒙)
2. Their difference, denoted by 𝑓 − 𝑔, is the function
denoted by
𝒇 − 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒈(𝒙)
3. Their product, denoted by 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 , is the function
denoted by
𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙) ∙ 𝒈(𝒙)
Operations on Functions

𝑓
4. Their quotient, denoted by , is the function denoted by
𝑔
𝒇 𝒇 𝒙
𝒙 =
𝒈 𝒈 𝒙
excluding the values of x where 𝑔 𝑥 = 0

5. The composite function denoted by 𝒇 ° 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒈 𝒙 .

The process of obtaining a composite function is called
function composition.
Example Given the following functions:

• 𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+5 e. 𝑖 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 5
• g 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1
2
• ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 5

Determine the following functions:

a. 𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥 e. 𝑓 + 𝑔 3
b. 𝑓 − 𝑔 𝑥 f. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(2)
c. 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥 g. 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 −1
ℎ ℎ
d. ( )(𝑥) h.( )(1)
𝑖 𝑖
ACTIVITY 4 Given the following functions:

• 𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+3 2
• 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 8
• p 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 7 • ℎ 𝑥 =
𝑥+7
2 2−𝑥
• v 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4
• 𝑖(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1
Determine the following functions:
a. 𝑓 + ℎ 1
b. (𝑣 + 𝑔)(2)
c. 𝑝 − 𝑓 𝑥
d. 𝑓 ∙ 𝑝 𝑥
𝑣
e. ( )(−4)
𝑖
Compositions of Functions

- “function of functions”
- if a function is substituted to all variables in
another function
Example Given the following functions:

a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 6
2

b. ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2

Find the following:

a. 𝑓 ° ℎ 𝑥
b. 𝑓 ° ℎ 4
c. ℎ ° 𝑓 𝑥
ACTIVITY 5 Given the following functions:
2
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 𝑠 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 + 4
r 𝑥 =𝑥+3 ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 4

Find the following:

1. 𝑟 ° 𝑓 𝑥 4. 𝑓°𝑠 𝑥
2. 𝑟 ° 𝑓 2 5. 𝑠°𝑓 𝑥
3. 𝑔 ° 𝑓 1 6. 𝑠°𝑟 2
Rational Functions, Equations
and Inequalities
RATIONAL EXPRESSION

- is an expression that can be written as ratio of

two polynomials.

EXAMPLE:
2
𝑥 +3𝑥+2
•
𝑥+2
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational expression

or NOT.
𝟐
𝟑𝒙 −𝟓𝒙+𝟐
1.
𝒙+𝟏
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational expression

or NOT.
𝟐
𝟑𝒙 −𝟓𝒙+𝟐
1. 𝒙+𝟏

RATIONAL EXPRESSION
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational expression

or NOT.
𝟐
2.
𝒙−𝟓
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational expression

or NOT.
𝟐
2.
𝒙−𝟓

RATIONAL EXPRESSION
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational expression

or NOT.
𝒙−𝟒
3.
𝟐𝒙+𝟏
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational expression

or NOT.
𝒙−𝟒
3.
𝟐𝒙+𝟏

NOT A RATIONAL EXPRESSION

PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational expression

or NOT.
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟏
4.
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational expression

or NOT.
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟏
4.
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

NOT A RATIONAL EXPRESSION

RATIONAL EQUATION

An equation involving rational expression

Example
𝒙+𝟒 𝟏
=
𝒙−𝟏 𝟓
RATIONAL INEQUALITY

An inequality involving rational expressions

Example
𝒙−𝟐
>𝟑
𝟓
RATIONAL FUNCTION

𝑝 𝑥
A function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = where p(x) and
𝑞 𝑥
q(x) are polynomial functions and q(x) is not the
zero function
Example
𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙+𝟒
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝒙+𝟓
1. 𝒙−𝟏
=𝒚
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝒙+𝟓
1. 𝒙−𝟏
=𝒚
RATIONAL FUNCTION
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.

𝟐
𝟐. ≤𝟑
𝒙+𝟏
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.

𝟐
𝟐. ≤𝟑
𝒙+𝟏
NONE OF THESE
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝟏+𝒙
𝟑. =𝟒
𝒙−𝟐
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝟏+𝒙
𝟑. =𝟒
𝒙−𝟐
RATIONAL EQUATION
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝟐
𝟒. 𝟓𝒙 ≥ −𝟏
𝟐𝒙
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝟐
𝟒. 𝟓𝒙 ≥ − 𝟏
𝟐𝒙
RATIONAL INEQUALITY
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝟐
𝒙 −𝟕
5. 𝒇 𝒙 = −𝟑
𝒙+𝟐
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝟐
𝒙 −𝟕
5. 𝒇 𝒙 = −𝟑
𝒙+𝟐
RATIONAL FUNCTION
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝒙+𝟏
6. < 𝒙+𝟑
𝟐
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Determine whether the given is rational equation,

a rational function, a rational inequality or none of
these.
𝒙+𝟏
6. < 𝒙+𝟑
𝟐
NONE OF THESE