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Numpy

The document provides a comprehensive guide on using NumPy for array creation, operations, statistics, reshaping, indexing, and applying functions. It also covers random number generation, linear algebra applications including matrix multiplication, solving linear systems, matrix decomposition, eigenvalues, determinants, inversions, norms, and rank determination. Each section includes code examples and outputs to illustrate the functionality of NumPy.

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Harshitha Reddy
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5 views5 pages

Numpy

The document provides a comprehensive guide on using NumPy for array creation, operations, statistics, reshaping, indexing, and applying functions. It also covers random number generation, linear algebra applications including matrix multiplication, solving linear systems, matrix decomposition, eigenvalues, determinants, inversions, norms, and rank determination. Each section includes code examples and outputs to illustrate the functionality of NumPy.

Uploaded by

Harshitha Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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import numpy as np

############## 1. CREATING ARRAYS . $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

#2. Creating Arrays


#Creating a 1D array:

a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(a)

[1 2 3 4]

b = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])


print(b)

[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]

# Generates ..zeros as per the dimensions feed by the user.


c = np.zeros((2, 3))
print(c)

[[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]]

# Generates ..ones as per the dimensions feed by the user.


d = np.ones((3, 2))
print(d)

[[1. 1.]
[1. 1.]
[1. 1.]]

e = np.full((2, 2), 7)
print(e)

[[7 7]
[7 7]]

f = np.arange(20) # Equivalent to range(10)


print(f)

[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]

g = np.linspace(0, 1, 5) # 5 values from 0 to 1


print(g)

[0. 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. ]

######################### Array Operations..............$$$$$$$$$$$$$

h = np.array([1, 2, 3])
i = np.array([4, 5, 6])
array_addition = h + i
print(array_addition)

[5 7 9]

product_array = h * i #Elementwise multiplication


print(product_array)

[ 4 10 18]

j = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) #Matrix multiplication:


k = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
k np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
matrix_product = np.dot(j, k)
print(matrix_product)

[[19 22]
[43 50]]

## 4. Array Statistics

#Mean of an array:
mean_val = np.mean(f)
print(mean_val)

9.5

#Standard deviation of an array:

std_dev = np.std(f)
print(std_dev)

5.766281297335398

#Sum of array elements:

total_sum = np.sum(f)
print(total_sum)

190

### 5. Reshaping Arrays

reshaped = np.reshape(f, (4, 5)) ##Reshape a 1D array to 2D:


print(reshaped)

[[ 0 1 2 3 4]
[ 5 6 7 8 9]
[10 11 12 13 14]
[15 16 17 18 19]]

#Flatten a 2D array:
flattened = reshaped.flatten()
print(flattened)

[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]

#### 6. Array Indexing and Slicing

element = b[1, 2] # Element at row 1, column 2


print(element)

slice_array = b[0:2, 1:3] #Slicing an array:


print(slice_array)

[[2 3]
[5 6]]

#### 7. Applying Functions

# Apply a function to each element:

squared_array = np.sqrt(f)
print(squared_array)

[0. 1. 1.41421356 1.73205081 2. 2.23606798


2.44948974 2.64575131 2.82842712 3. 3.16227766 3.31662479
3.46410162 3.60555128 3.74165739 3.87298335 4. 4.12310563
4.24264069 4.35889894]
# Apply a function along an axis:

print(b)
print()

sum_axis0 = np.sum(b, axis=0) # Sum along rows


print(sum_axis0)

sum_axis1 = np.sum(b, axis=1) # Sum along columns


print(sum_axis1)

[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]

[5 7 9]
[ 6 15]

### 8. Random Numbers

random_ints = np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(2, 3)) # Generate random integer


print(random_ints)

[[2 6 0]
[6 2 0]]

random_floats = np.random.random((2, 2)) # Generate Random Floats


print(random_floats)

[[0.15120192 0.46644157]
[0.40234905 0.27096769]]

####### LINEAR ALGEBRA APPLICATIONS $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

### Matrix Multiplication


#Matrix multiplication is fundamental in linear algebra. NumPy uses the np.dot() function or the @ operator for this purpose.

A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])


B = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])

# Matrix multiplication
C = np.dot(A, B)
# Alternatively: C = A @ B

print(C)

[[19 22]
[43 50]]

#Solving Linear Systems


#You can solve systems of linear equations

#Ax=b using the np.linalg.solve() function.

A = np.array([[3, 2], [1, 2]])


b = np.array([5, 6])

# Solve for x
x = np.linalg.solve(A, b)
print(x)

[-0.5 3.25]
#3. Matrix Decomposition
#Matrix decompositions such as LU decomposition, QR decomposition, and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) are crucial in numerical analy

#LU Decomposition
from scipy.linalg import lu

A = np.array([[3, 2], [1, 2]])

# LU decomposition
P, L, U = lu(A)
print("P:", P)
print("L:", L)
print("U:", U)

P: [[1. 0.]
[0. 1.]]
L: [[1. 0. ]
[0.33333333 1. ]]
U: [[3. 2. ]
[0. 1.33333333]]

#4. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors


# Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors is essential in various fields, including stability analysis and principal component analysis (PC
#Ax=(Lambda)x x is eigen vector, lambda is eign value

A = np.array([[4, 2], [1, 3]])

# Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors


eigenvalues, eigenvectors = np.linalg.eig(A)
print("Eigenvalues:", eigenvalues)
print("Eigenvectors:", eigenvectors)

Eigenvalues: [5. 2.]


Eigenvectors: [[ 0.89442719 -0.70710678]
[ 0.4472136 0.70710678]]

#5. Matrix Determinant


#The determinant of a matrix is a scalar value that can be used to determine if a matrix is invertible and other properties.

A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

# Compute determinant
det = np.linalg.det(A)
print("Determinant:", det)

Determinant: -2.0000000000000004

# 6. Matrix Inversion
# Inverting a matrix is necessary for solving linear systems and other applications.

A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

# Compute the inverse


A_inv = np.linalg.inv(A)
print("Inverse of A:\n", A_inv)

Inverse of A:
[[-2. 1. ]
[ 1.5 -0.5]]

#7. Norms
#Matrix norms and vector norms help in assessing the magnitude of vectors and matrices.

v = np.array([1, 2, 3])

# Compute L2 norm (Euclidean norm)


norm_v = np.linalg.norm(v)
print("Norm of v:", norm_v)

Norm of v: 3.7416573867739413
##8. Rank of a Matrix
## Determining the rank of a matrix helps in understanding its properties.

A = np.array([[6, 8], [3, 4]])

# Compute the rank


rank_A = np.linalg.matrix_rank(A)
print("Rank of A:", rank_A)

Rank of A: 1

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