MPM2D5

UNIT 5: APPLYING QUADRATIC MODELS

DAY TOPIC HOMEWORK

1 5.1 Stretching/Reflecting Quadratics p. 256 #1, 3, 4abc, 5, 8, 11

2 5.2 Exploring Translations of Quadratics p. 262 #1, 2, 3abef, 4, 5

3 5.3 Graphing Quadratics in Vertex Form p. 269 #1-4, 5, 7abe, 8, 11, 13, 14b, 15

4 5.4 Quadratic Models Using Vertex Form p. 280 #1, 2, 3abc, 4-6

5 5.5 Solving Problems using Quadratics p. 293 #1, 2, 4-7, 9ab, 10ab, 11, 15

Mid-Chapter Review p. 274 #1ab, 2, 3, 5, 6ab, 7ab

6
Chapter Review p. 304 #3, 4, 8ab, 9, 14, 16b

7 Performance Task/Assignment

8 Chapter 5 Test

Learning Goals
In this unit, we will learn:
Ø Transformation of a parabola
Ø Graphing Quadratics in Vertex Form
Ø Quadratics in Vertex Form
Ø Solving Quadratic Problems

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 5.1 Stretching & Reflecting Quadratics

The Basic Parabola: y = x²

Effect of the a value

x y = x2
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3

Vertical Stretch/Shrunk (Compression)

Function Value of a Direction of Vertex Axis of Congruent to Description

Opening Symmetry y= x 2
?
2
y = 2x
y = 0.5x2
y = -2x2
y = -0.5x2

Summary: Comparing y = x2 and y = ax2:

a positive: ______________________________________________________________

a negative: ______________________________________________________________

a < -1 or a > 1: ____________________________________________________________

-1 < a < 1 (a ≠ 0): __________________________________________________________

Domain: ________________________________________________________________

Range: _________________________________________________________________

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 5.2 Translations of Quadratics

Effect of the k value

(Vertical Translation – Vertical Shift)

x y = x2
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3

Function Value of k Direction of Vertex Axis of Congruent to Description

Opening Symmetry y= x 2
?
y = x2 + 1
y = x2 + 3
y = x2 - 2
y = x2 - 4

Summary: Comparing y = x2 and y = x2 + k:

k positive: ______________________________________________________________

k negative: ______________________________________________________________

Domain: ________________________________________________________________

Range: _________________________________________________________________

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Effect of the h value
(Horizontal Translation – Horizontal Shift)

x y = x2
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3

Function Value of Direction of Vertex Axis of Congruent to Description

h Opening Symmetry y= x 2
?
y = (x - 1)2
y = (x - 3)2
y = (x + 2)2
y = (x + 4)2

Summary: Comparing y = x2 and y = (x - h)2

h positive: ______________________________________________________________

h negative: ______________________________________________________________

Domain: ________________________________________________________________

Range: _________________________________________________________________

Putting all of them together (It’s the vertex form)

Function Value of a Direction of Opening Value of h Value of k Vertex

y = 3(x - 1)2+ 7
y = 2(x - 3)2
y = -3(x + 2)2
y = (x + 4)2 + 1
y = 2x2 - 5
y = -0.5(x + 1)2 + 2

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3. Match each equation to the correct graph.

a. y = ( x - 4) 2 + 2 b. y = - ( x + 2) 2 - 4 c. y = - ( x + 4) 2 - 2 d. y = ( x + 2) 2 - 4

2. a) Create an equation of a parabola that is narrower than y = 4x 2 .

b) Create an equation of a parabola that is wider than y = 4x 2 .

Notes about Domain and Range:

p. 256 #1, 3, 4abc, 5, 8, 11 p. 262 #1, 2, 3abef, 4, 5

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 5.3 Graphing Quadratics in Vertex Form
Example 1: Graph. Describe the transformations relative to y = x2.
a) y = 2(x ­ 3)2 ­ 6 b) y = ­ 2x2 + 7

c) y = ­2(x + 3)2 + 5 d) y = 0.5(x ­ 2)2

Example 2: Write an equation that matches each description.

a) The graph of y = x2 reflected down and translated up 10 units.

b) The graph of y = x2 translated left 5 and down 6.

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c) The graph of y = x2 stretched vertically by a factor of 7.

d) The graph of y = x2 compressed vertically by a factor of 0.3, translated left 4 and down 9.

e) The graph of y = x2 stretched vertically by a factor of 4, reflected down, translated right 1 and down
3.

Example 3: Write an equation of a parabola with vertex (4, ­7) and matches each description:
a) reflected down

b) stretched vertically by a factor of 3

c) compressed vertically by a factor of 1/3

d) compressed vertically by a factor of 0.5, reflected down

Example 4: A diver jumps off a cliff where the path is

represented by h = ­5(t ­ 1)2 + 15, h in metres, t in seconds.
a) Graph and state the maximum height.
b) From what height did he jump?
c) Approximately when does he hit the water?

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Recall from the previous investigation that the x- and y-coordinates of the basic parabola are affected
by the parameters a, h, and k:
Parameter Effect on the Coordinates of the Basic Parabola
-stretches and compressions occur vertically, along the y-axis
-as a result, the y-values are affected by a factor of a (i.e., they are multiplied by the a-value)
a Mapping Rule:
( x, y ) ® ( x, ay )
-horizontal translations occur along the x-axis
-as a result, the parabola moves h units along the x-axis, so the x-values change by a value of h
h Mapping Rule:
( x, y ) ® ( x + h, y )
-vertical translations occur along the y-axis
-as a result, the parabola moves k units along the y-axis , so the y-values change by a value of k
k
Mapping Rule:
( x, y ) ® ( x, y + k )
We can summarize the effect of a, h, and k on the coordinates of the basic parabola y = x2 by the
mapping rule:

( x, y ) ® ( x + h, ay + k )
To create the graph of a quadratic relation, we apply this mapping rule to the 5 key coordinates of the
basic parabola. The example below will illustrate how to do this.

Example 1 Graph y = 2( x - 3) 2 + 1 using mapping method

SOLUTION:
Step 1: Identify the following values:

a: _______ h: ________ k: _________ vertex: ___________

Start with y = x2, use the mapping rule (x, y) -> (x + h, ay + k) to determine the 5 new coordinates of
the parabola y = 2( x - 3) 2 + 1:

x y
-2 4
-1 1
0 0
1 1
2 4

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Step 2: Create the graph. Step 3: Assess the reasonableness of your graph.

• Does the vertex of your graph match

the vertex (h, k) given by the equation?

• Does your parabola open in the correct

direction? (i.e., up if the a-value in the
equation is positive; down if the a-value is
negative)

• Did you remember to put arrowheads

on the parabola?

1
Use transformations to graph y = - ( x + 1) 2 - 1.
2
Step 1: Identify the following values:

a: _______ h: ________ k: _________ vertex: ___________

Use the mapping rule (x, y) -> (x + h, ay + k) to determine the 5 new coordinates of the parabola
1
y = - ( x + 1) 2 - 1:
2
xx yy
-2 4
-1 1
0 0
1 1
2 4

Step 2: Create the graph and assess

p. 269 #1­4, 5, 7abe, 8, 11, 13, 14b, 15

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 5.4 Quadratic Models using Vertex Form
Vertex Form
The equation of a parabola in vertex form is: y = a(x ­ h)2 + k

where vertex is (h, k) and a = vertical stretch, h = horizontal shift, k = vertical shift.

Recall that there are 3 different equations that can represent a quadratic relation:

Standard Form Factored Form Vertex Form

y = ax + bx + c
2 y = a( x - r )( x - s) y = a( x - h) 2 + k

Example 1: Determine an equation of a parabola:

a) vertex at (6, -7), opens upward, and is wider than y = x²

b) vertex at (4, -2), opens downward, and is narrower than y = x²

c) wider than y = x2 and translated 6 units down

d) narrower than y = x2, reflected down, and translated 10 units left

e) the axis of symmetry is x = -3, the optimal value is -7, and is the same size and shape as y = x²

f) the parabola has two zeros, opens downward, is wider than y = x², and the axis of symmetry is x = 4

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Example 2: Determine the equation of the parabola with:
a) vertex (­1, 7) and through point (3, 2)

b) vertex (2, ­5) and y­intercept ­3

c) the vertex is at (-3, -10) and it passes through the point (-5, 6)

p. 280 #1, 2, 3abc, 4­6

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 5.5 Solving Problems using Quadratics
Example 1: Determine the equation of the parabola:
a) y = ­3(x ­ 4)2 + 12 in standard and factored form.

b) with vertex (3, 8) and through point (4, 6) in vertex form, standard form, and factored form.

c) with zeros 1 and 3 and y­int. 6; in vertex form.

Example 2: A study of the finances of Dominion Motors has shown that the profit of the company can
be described by the equation P = -2(n – 200)2 + 450 000, where P represents the profit and represents
the number of cars sold.

a) What is the maximum profit possible? ____________

b) How many cars need to be sold to achieve this profit? _______

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Example 3: The height above the ground of a bungee jumper is modeled by the quadratic function
h(t ) = - 5(t - 0.3) 2 + 110, where height, h(t) is in metres, and t is the time, in seconds.
a) When does the bungee jumper reach a maximum height?

b) What is the maximum height reached by the jumper? Why is it a maximum height and not a minimum
height?

Example 4: A club that charges $10 usually has 200 people attending. If the price decreases by 25
cents, 20 more people will attend. Determine the price to maximize revenue, and the maximum revenue.

Example 5: A bridge forms a parabolic arch. It spans 16 metres and has a maximum height of 6 metres.
(a) Determine an equation (in vertex form) to represent the bridge.
(b) Determine the maximum height of a truck, with a width of 4 m, that can pass under the bridge,
assuming it must stay on one side under the bridge. Include a sketch.

p. 293 #1, 2, 4­7, 9ab, 10ab, 11, 15

Review: p. 274 #1ab, 2, 3, 5, 6ab, 7ab p. 304 #3, 4, 8ab, 9, 14, 16b

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 Chapter 5 Review
Standard Form Factored Form Vertex Form
y = ax + bx + c
2 y = a ( x - r )( x - s) y = a ( x - h) 2 + k

y-int (0, c) x-int or zeros: (r, 0), (s, 0) Vertex (h, k)

All 3 form has the same value “a”

Graphing:

Use Table of Value for Standard Form or Factored Form

Vertex Form is the best for graphing

Transformation:
• a > 1 Vertical stretch by factor of a (ignore the sign)
• a < 1 Vertical compress by factor of a (ignore the sign)
• a < 0 Reflection over the x-axis

• h > 0 horizontal translation h unit right

• h < 0 horizontal translation h units left

• k > 0 vertical translation k units up

• k < 0 vertical translation k units down
1*a
Pattern Rule
3*a
Start from vertex and apply pattern rule:
5*a
7*a
Mapping rule

( x, y ) ® ( x + h, ay + k )
Given Start with To other form
Vertex Vertex Form V.F. expand to Standard Form
Maximum/Minimum point y = a ( x - h) + k
2
y = ax 2 + bx + c
S.F: factor to Factored Form
F.F. expand to Standard Form
Zeros (r, 0) and (s, 0) Factored Form F.F: to Vertex Form
y = a ( x - r )( x - s) Find x value of vertex (midpoint of the two zeros)
Find y value of vertex
Put into vertex form

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 Using the Graphing Calculator TI-84 Plus CE
1. Clear the RAM:
Option Clear Memory Reset All RAM Reset
Result: RAM Cleared Button
2nd + 7 1 2

2. Enter an equation:

Example: 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! − 4

y=
Press button to get to function list

At \y1 = line, enter the following: Button

X,T,θ, n X2 Enter

At \y2 = line, enter the following: Button

X,T,θ, n X2 − 4 Enter

3. Display the graphs

graph
Press

4. Adjust window:

window
Press . Default values:

Xmin = -10 (Minimum value of x – left boundary)

Xmax = 10 (Maximum value of x – right boundary)
Xscl = 1 (Scale value of x – horizontal tick space)
Ymin = -10 (Minimum value of y – bottom boundary)
Ymax = 10 (Minimum value of y – top boundary)
Yscl = 1 (Scale value of x – Vertical tick space)
Xres = 1 (Minimum value of x – left boundary)

Try to change Xmas, Xmin, Ymax, Ymin and press graph to see the change.

5. Zoom in and zoom out:

Zoom Enter
2
to zoom in; keep pressing the

Zoom Enter
3
to zoom out; keep pressing the

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