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Huffman Coding Compression Intro

Huffman Coding is a lossless data compression algorithm that assigns shorter codes to more frequent symbols and longer codes to less frequent ones. The process involves counting character frequencies, creating a priority queue, building a Huffman Tree, and assigning binary codes. It is widely used in applications like file compression, image compression, and network protocols due to its efficiency and simplicity.

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4 views4 pages

Huffman Coding Compression Intro

Huffman Coding is a lossless data compression algorithm that assigns shorter codes to more frequent symbols and longer codes to less frequent ones. The process involves counting character frequencies, creating a priority queue, building a Huffman Tree, and assigning binary codes. It is widely used in applications like file compression, image compression, and network protocols due to its efficiency and simplicity.

Uploaded by

malagoudspatil2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Text Compression Using Huffman Coding

Text Compression Using Huffman Coding

INTRODUCTION TO TEXT COMPRESSION USING HUFFMAN CODING

Huffman Coding is a widely used algorithm in lossless data compression. Named after David A. Huffman,

who developed it in 1952, this algorithm provides an optimal way of encoding information based on its

frequency of occurrence. The core idea is to assign shorter codes to more frequent symbols and longer

codes to less frequent symbols.

OBJECTIVES

- To understand the need for data compression.

- To learn how Huffman Coding works.

- To implement Huffman Coding step-by-step.

- To visualize the process using Huffman Trees.

- To analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and real-world applications.

NEED FOR COMPRESSION

In digital systems, storage and transmission of data is a major concern. Reducing file size without losing

information is essential in many applications such as web development, software engineering, and

networking. Huffman coding is one of the simplest and most efficient compression techniques.

STEPS IN HUFFMAN CODING ALGORITHM

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Text Compression Using Huffman Coding

1. Count the frequency of each character in the input text.

2. Create a priority queue (min-heap) and insert all characters with their frequency.

3. While there is more than one node in the queue:

a. Extract the two nodes with the lowest frequency.

b. Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with frequency equal to the sum of their

frequencies.

c. Insert the new node back into the queue.

4. The remaining node is the root of the Huffman Tree.

5. Assign binary codes to each character by traversing the tree.

EXAMPLE

Input text: "BCAADDDCCACACAC"

Step 1: Frequency Count

A: 5, B: 1, C: 6, D: 3

Step 2: Create Priority Queue

[ B(1), D(3), A(5), C(6) ]

Step 3-4: Build Tree

1. Combine B(1) and D(3) -> Node1(4)

2. Combine Node1(4) and A(5) -> Node2(9)

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Text Compression Using Huffman Coding

3. Combine Node2(9) and C(6) -> Root(15)

Huffman Tree:

(15)

/ \

(6) (9)

C / \

(4) A(5)

/ \

B(1) D(3)

Step 5: Assign Codes

A: 11, B: 100, C: 0, D: 101

Encoded Text: 1000110111010010110

ADVANTAGES

- Provides optimal prefix codes.

- Easy to implement and understand.

- Works well with data having skewed frequency distribution.

DISADVANTAGES

- Requires frequency table and tree structure for decoding.

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Text Compression Using Huffman Coding

- Less efficient if all characters have similar frequencies.

APPLICATIONS

- File compression formats like ZIP and GZIP.

- Image compression (e.g., JPEG baseline).

- Multimedia codecs.

- Network protocols for data transfer efficiency.

CONCLUSION

Huffman Coding is a foundational algorithm in data compression. Its simplicity and efficiency make it ideal for

many applications, especially where lossless compression is critical. Understanding its steps and structure

using discrete mathematical concepts helps in implementing efficient systems.

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