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PCCR - Grade 9 - Module 2 - Nonmendelian Genetics

This module covers different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance, including complete dominance, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, and sex-linked inheritance. Students will learn to identify examples, describe the effects of dominance, and understand how these inheritance patterns influence phenotypes and the environment. Activities include creating chromosomes with popsicle sticks and using colored eggs to demonstrate inheritance patterns.

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Elbert Natal
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16 views8 pages

PCCR - Grade 9 - Module 2 - Nonmendelian Genetics

This module covers different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance, including complete dominance, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, and sex-linked inheritance. Students will learn to identify examples, describe the effects of dominance, and understand how these inheritance patterns influence phenotypes and the environment. Activities include creating chromosomes with popsicle sticks and using colored eggs to demonstrate inheritance patterns.

Uploaded by

Elbert Natal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HIGH SCHOOL

Module 1
Title: Different Patterns of 5 Hours
Non-mendelian Inheritance

Gain Attention
● How does the dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance and sex-
linked differ to each other?
● How these non-mendelian inheritance affects our environment?

Inform Learners of objectives


At the end of this module, you should be able to:

Cognitive:
1. Give some examples of non-Mendelian inheritance.
2. Describe how dominance can take on a variety of forms.

Affective:
1. Recognize that the majority of genes have many phenotypic effects.
2. Examine the influence of the environment on phenotypic.

Psychomotor:
1. Glue the gene sequences onto popsicle sticks to make "chromosomes."

Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning

Take a look at the illustration below. Give the functions of each part of the heart
after you've identified them.
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Complete dominance is an inheritance pattern where the dominant allele (noted as a


capital letter) always trumps the recessive allele when present. For example, if T, the
dominant allele, codes for a tall plant and t, the recessive allele codes for a short plant, than
plants with the genotypes TT or Tt will be tall. The only time the recessive phenotype is
expressed is in the homozygous recessive genotype (ex: the genotype tt codes for a short
plant). In humans, polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) follows a simple dominance
inheritance pattern. Polydactyly is actually the dominant trait, but there is a low frequency of
the dominant allele in the population. Students may ask why polydactyly is rare if it is
dominant. This is a great opportunity to tie in population genetics and allele frequency.

Incomplete dominance inheritance occurs when the heterozygote (Tt) phenotype is a


blending of the dominant and recessive phenotypes. In the case of the homozygous
dominant (TT=tall) and homozygous recessive (tt=short) plant, the heterozygous (Tt) plant
would be of medium height. In humans, the trait for sickle cell anemia is incompletely
dominant. A person who is heterozygous for the sickle cell trait has less severe anemic
symptoms than the homozygous recessive person. Sickle cell heterozygotes are also
resistant to malaria.
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When a heterozygote has both the dominant and recessive phenotypes, this is
known as co-dominant inheritance. A black chicken (BB) mated with a white chicken (bb) will
produce a heterozygous (Bb) chicken, checkered with black and white feathers. Human
blood type is inherited co-dominantly. A mother with A type blood has blood cells with the A
protein. A father with B type blood has blood cells with the B protein. Their child with AB type
blood has blood cells that have both the A and the B protein.

The genes carried on the sex chromosomes are referred to as sex-linked inheritance. Males
and females are represented by the letters XX and XY, respectively. The X chromosome is
significantly larger and includes many more genes than the Y chromosome. For this reason, most
sex-linked traits in humans affect males more often than females. Some genes, like the recessive
gene for colorblindness, are found only on the X chromosome and not the Y. Girls who inherit the
gene for colorblindness from their mothers still have a chance to inherit the dominant, normal gene
from their father. Boys who inherit the gene for colorblindness from their mothers don’t get that
second chance because the Y chromosome they inherit from their fathers does not contain any gene
for color vision, normal or not.

Elicit Performance
Describe the group of words below in a few words.

Homozygous - ________________________________________
Heterozygous- ________________________________________
Dominant- ________________________________________
Recessive- ________________________________________
Phenotype- ________________________________________
Genotype- ________________________________________
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Guided Activity
Materials:

● 24 Plastic Easter Eggs (assorted colors)

● 48 Small Objects in colors that match the eggs (I use little erasers, but Skittles or
jelly beans would work too)

● Popsicle Sticks (10 per group)

● 6 different colors of paper


Note: Use the eggs to demonstrate each pattern of inheritance:

Complete Dominance:

Eggs same as in warm up. EX: TT=tall, tt=short, Tt=tall Human EX: Polydactyly

Incomplete Dominance

Homozygous Dominant: One blue egg with two blue erasers inside
Heterozygous: One green egg with one blue and one yellow eraser inside
Homozygous Recessive: One yellow egg with two yellow erasers inside EX:
TT=tall, tt=short, Tt=medium Human EX: Sickle Cell Anemia

Co-dominance

Homozygous Dominant One blue egg with two blue erasers inside
Heterozygous: Egg with a blue top and a yellow bottom with one blue and one
yellow eraser inside Homozygous Recessive: One yellow egg with two yellow
erasers inside EX: BB=black chicken, bb=white chicken, Bb=checkered chicken
Human EX: Blood Type

Sex-linked

Homozygous Dominant: One blue egg with two blue erasers inside Heterozygous
Female: One blue egg with one blue and one yellow eraser inside Heterozygous
Male (Unaffected): One blue egg with one blue eraser inside Heterozygous Male
(Affected): One yellow egg with one yellow eraser inside Homozygous Recessive:
One yellow egg with two yellow erasers inside Human EX: Colorblindness

Elicit Performance
Create “chromosomes” by gluing the gene sequences onto popsicle
sticks. Each chromosome should be in a different color. Sex Chromosomes
special instructions: Maternal sex chromosomes should be the same color on
both sides (I recommend pink); each side representing an X chromosome.
Paternal sex chromosomes should be two colors (ex: pink and blue) to
represent the X and Y chromosomes that the father can contribute. Model the
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Here are the module’s key ideas:
● Complete dominance is an inheritance pattern where the dominant allele
(noted as a capital letter) always trumps the recessive allele when present
● Incomplete dominance inheritance occurs when the heterozygote (Tt)
phenotype is a blending of the dominant and recessive phenotypes.
● Co-dominant inheritance is when the heterozygote exhibits both the dominant and
the recessive phenotype.
● Sex-linked inheritance refers to the genes that are carried on the sex
chromosomes. Females are XX and males are XY. The X chromosome is
much larger than the Y chromosome and contains more genes.

Assess performance

Direction: Choose the best answer. Write your answer before the number.

1. An inheritance occurs when the heterozygote (Tt) phenotype is a


blending of the dominant and recessive phenotypes.
a. Complete Dominance b. Incomplete Dominance
c. Co-dominance d. Sex-linked
2. An inheritance pattern where the dominant allele (noted as a capital
letter) always trumps the recessive allele when present.
a. Complete Dominance b. Incomplete Dominance
c. Co-dominance d. Sex-linked

3. The genes carried on the sex chromosomes.


a. Complete Dominance b. Incomplete Dominance
c. Co-dominance d. Sex-linked

4. What do you name a heterozygote who possesses both dominant


and recessive phenotypes?
a. Complete Dominance b. Incomplete Dominance
c. Co-dominance d. Sex-linked

________5. A black cat (BB) mated with a white cat (bb) will produce a
heterozygous (Bb) cat, checkered with black and white fur is what kind of non
mendelian inheritance?
a. Complete Dominance b. Incomplete Dominance
c. Co-dominance d. Sex-linked

Answer Key: 1. b
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2. a
3. d
4. c
5. c

Enhance retention and transfer


● In general, does a child usually have the same blood type as one of their
parent's blood type?

Bibliography

● Rabago, L. et.al. (2010).Functional Biology: Modular Approach. Vibal Publishing House,


Inc.
● Mader (2009). Essentials of Biology (2nd ed.). Mcgraw Hill Companies, Inc.
● University of the Philippines National Institute for Science & Mathematics Education
Development 2000. Sourcebook on Practical Work for Teachers: High school biology
(Vol. 2). Q.C.
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