A TECHNICAL REPORT FOR PROJECT PART I ON

INTEGRATED SENSOR BASED SMART SOLAR

STREET LIGHT WITH CLOUD BASED DATA
COLLECTION for OPTIMIZED ENERGY
MANAGEMENT (Title)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
By

P.SHASHANK (16012073405
0)
M.MANOJ KOUSHIK SOSA (160120734037)
K. JAYA SAI TANMAYI (160120734007)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Dr. N. VASANTHA GOWRI M.E., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of EEE, CBIT (A), Hyderabad.

Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology
1
 (Autonomous) Gandipet, Hyderabad-
500075.

SL.NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1
1. Abstract

2
2. Introduction

5
3. Literature Review

7
4. Objectives

8
5. Methodologies Proposed

12
6. The level/status of the work

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3
1.ABSTRACT:

The proliferation of solar energy in public lighting systems has emerged as a sustainable
solution to address energy consumption and environmental concerns. This project
introduces a novel approach to solar street lighting by incorporating advanced sensor
technology for enhanced energy conservation and illumination efficiency. The Sensor-Based
Smart Solar Street Light optimizes energy usage during nocturnal hours when foot traffic is
minimal, ensuring maximal power preservation. Furthermore, the integration of a motion
sensor further refines its functionality, delivering maximum luminosity exclusively in the
presence of pedestrians or vehicles, effectively contributing to enhanced safety and
security. During the night hours between 1 and 3 the intensity of the light is reduced to save
energy. This innovative system exemplifies a significant advancement in solar street lighting
technology, offering a sustainable and intelligent solution for urban and suburban
environments alike.
The Sensor-Based Smart Solar Street Light, developed for sustainable urban illumination,
has been augmented with an innovative data collection system. This extension allows for
the quantification of solar energy generation during daylight hours, enabling real time
monitoring of power output from the photovoltaic panels. This data is seamlessly
transmitted to the cloud for secure storage and analysis. The integration of this system
provides a critical edge, facilitating informed decision-making in the choice between solar
and conventional electricity generation. Furthermore, it empowers comprehensive demand
analysis at various time intervals throughout the day and over the course of any given
month, bolstering efficiency in energy utilization. This holistic approach marks a significant
milestone in the evolution of solar-powered public lighting, embodying a sophisticated,
adaptable, and environmentally conscious solution for contemporary urban landscapes.

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2.INTRODUCTION:

In recent years, the integration of solar energy into public lighting systems has emerged as a
paramount strategy to combat escalating energy consumption and alleviate environmental
concerns. This paradigm shifted towards sustainable energy solutions has paved the way for
innovative approaches to solar street lighting. Efforts are being made to improve the
efficiency and decrease the amount of carbon emissions that occur. This can be achieved
using sensor based smart solar street lighting systems which achieves the goal by reducing
the amount of energy used and also decreasing the capacity of the battery required in the
normal solar street lights.

2.1. The Imperative for Sustainable Urban Illumination

The increasing global emphasis on sustainable practices is emblematic of a collective

commitment to mitigate the adverse impacts of urbanization on both energy resources and
the environment. Urban centers, characterized by their dense infrastructure fabric, present
a significant opportunity for harnessing renewable energy sources. Solar energy, with its
abundant availability, offers an inexhaustible and eco-friendly alternative to conventional
electricity sources for powering public lighting systems. By harnessing the sun’s energy,
cities can substantially reduce their dependence on non-renewable resources, curbing
greenhouse gas emissions and fostering a greener urban environment.

2.2. Incorporating Advanced Sensor Technology

At the heart of this project lies the integration of advanced sensor technology, a pivotal
advancement that propels solar street lighting into a realm of heightened efficiency and
adaptability. These sensors, meticulously integrated into the Smart Solar Street Light, act as
astute guardians of energy consumption. They discern nocturnal hours when foot traffic
ebbs, intelligently modulating the luminosity of the lighting system to match the prevailing
demand. This sophisticated energy conservation mechanism ensures that power is
judiciously preserved, marking a significant departure from conventional lighting systems
that operate at a fixed intensity regardless of real-time requirements.

2.3. Enhanced Safety and Security through Motion Sensing

To augment its functionality, the Smart Solar Street Light incorporates motion sensors,
bestowing it with an intuitive responsiveness to the presence of pedestrians or vehicles. This
feature not only bolsters safety by ensuring maximum luminosity precisely when needed
but also contributes to heightened security in urban spaces. By activating the highest
intensity of illumination exclusively in the proximity of human or vehicular activity, the
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system mitigates potential hazards and engenders a sense of security within the illuminated
vicinity.

2.4. Energy Conservation Strategies: Night-time Intensity Adjustment

Further fortifying its commitment to energy conservation, the Smart Solar Street Light
employs a prudent strategy of reducing light intensity during specific off-peak hours, notably
between 1AM and 3 AM. This targeted dimming ensures that energy is allocated sparingly
during periods of minimal activity, striking a harmonious balance between functional
necessity and judicious resource utilization.

2.5. Optimizing Solar Energy Harvesting for Sustainable Development

Harnessing solar energy through photovoltaic panels is a cornerstone of sustainable energy

practices. The efficiency of this process hinges on the intensity of light incident on the solar
panels. As the sun traverses its arc in the sky, the intensity of sunlight varies, impacting
amount of energy captured. This dynamic presents a unique challenge for maximizing solar
energy utilization. To address this, the integration of conventional and renewable energy
sources becomes imperative for a reliable and consistent power supply.

2.6. Balancing Conventional and Renewable Resources for Reliable Power

Supply

In the pursuit of sustainable development, achieving energy self-sufficiency is a primary

goal. While renewable energy sources like solar power hold tremendous promise, they
exhibit inherent intermittency due to their dependence on environmental factors. This
variability necessitates a pragmatic approach that combines both conventional and
renewable energy sources. By integrating solar energy with conventional sources, it is
possible to create a synergistic energy ecosystem that optimally meets the fluctuating
energy demand.

2.7. Economical Load Scheduling for Enhanced Efficiency

Central to this endeavor is the judicious scheduling of electrical loads, a process that
necessitates a keen understanding of energy requirements and availability. By leveraging
data on solar energy generation, it becomes feasible to orchestrate the load schedule,
ensuring that electricity consumption aligns with the availability of renewable energy. This
dynamic load management strategy not only bolsters energy efficiency but also fosters a
judicious utilization of resources, driving down operational costs in the long run.

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2.8. The Crucial Role of Data in Informed Decision Making

In this context, data emerges as the linchpin of informed decision making. Accurate and
reliable information on solar energy production is paramount for devising an effective load
scheduling strategy. The daily variation in solar energy generation, influenced by seasonal
changes, underscores the need for comprehensive data collection. This trove of information
forms the bedrock for subsequent analysis, enabling stakeholders to make astute choices in
energy utilization.

2.9. Data Collection and Storage: Pillars of Informed Energy Management

The efficacy of any energy management system hinges on the seamless collection and
storage of pertinent data. In the context of solar energy utilization, this involves the
meticulous recording of energy production on a daily basis across diverse months
throughout the year. This data, meticulously collected and securely stored, constitutes the
cornerstone of the analytical process. It is through this reservoir of information that
patterns, trends, and seasonal variations in solar energy generation can be discerned,
ultimately informing the optimization of energy usage.

2.10. Empowering Informed Decision Making for a Sustainable Future

By amalgamating advanced sensor technology, cloud-based data collection, and intelligent

load scheduling, the proposed project endeavors to pave the way for a more sustainable
and economically viable energy management paradigm.

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3.LITERATURE SURVEY:
The literature survey is presented under the following two categories.

i)Motion Activated Lighting (or) Adaptive Lighting

• “Intelligent Traffic Light and Density Control Using IR Sensors and Solar Panels” by
S.K.Singh, R.K.Verma and P.Kumar published in International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research,2012.

Summary: The paper focuses on intelligent traffic light control using IR sensors and solar
panels. The system is designed to efficiently manage traffic flow and conserve energy
through sensor-based control mechanisms.

• “An Intelligent Energy-Efficient Street Lighting System” by H.H.AI-Kayiem, Z.A.AI-

Hussein, and A.N.Mohd-Nasir published in International Journal of Smart Grid and
Clean Energy, 2014.

Summary: This paper presents an intelligent street lighting system that utilizes various
sensors for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters. The system adapts lighting
levels to achieve energy savings.

 “Smart City: Recent Advances in Intelligent Street Lighting Systems Based on IoT” by
Amjad Omar, Sara AlMaeeni, Hussain Attia, Maen Takruri, Ahmed Altunaiji, Mihai
Sanduleanu, Raed Shubair, Moh’d Sami Ashhab, Maryam Al Ali, Ghaya Al Hebsi.
Published in Hindawi, Journal of Sensors ,2022

Summary: In this paper, many studies in the field of smart street lighting systems are
reviewed, and the details of the systems’ merits and demerits in terms of response speed
and energy-saving effectiveness are demonstrated and compared. The paper explained the
three types of smart systems that are available now including the centralized,
noncentralized, and hybrid systems and suggested hybrid systems are of more useful.

 “Deployment of Smart Street Lighting System Using Sensors” by Tobiloba Somefun,

Claudius Awosope, Ademola Abdulkareem, Daniel Adeleye in International Journal
of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET).

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 Summary: This journal discusses the implementation of Smart Street Lighting System
(SSL) using sensors and LED bulbs. The system utilizes Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
and passive infrared sensors (PIR) to regulate light intensity based on environmental
conditions and motion detection. The study includes a case study scenario with
promising results, showing a significant decrease in energy consumption and cost
compared to conventional street lighting systems, particularly with the use of LED bulbs.

 “Smart Street Light System looking like usual street lights based on sensor networks”
by Noriaki Yoshiura, Yusaku Fujii, Naoya Ohta in Communications and Information
Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 conference.

Summary: In this paper, the authors proposed the concept of “smart street lights” that
can autonomously control their illumination based on the presence of pedestrians or
vehicles, with the goal of reducing energy waste. The system aims for easy installation,
low cost, easy updates, self-diagnosis, and seamless integration with existing street
lights.

ii)Wireless Solar Power Monitoring System

• “An IoT-Based Remote Monitoring System for a Standalone Solar Photovoltaic Power
Plant” by S.Gautam, M.Agarwal and V.Katiyar published in IEEE Transactions on
Instrumentation and Measurement, 2017.

Summary: This paper introduces an Internet of Things(IoT) based remote monitoring

system for standalone solar photovoltaic power plants. It focuses on real-time monitoring of
various performance parameters to enhance the efficiency and reliability of solar energy
systems.

• “Wireless Sensor Network – Based Monitoring System for Solar Panel Parameters” by
M.A.Hannan, M.M.Rahman, A.Basri and R.Hussain in Sensor(Basel, Switzerland)
2014.

Summary: This paper presents a wireless sensor network – based monitoring system
designed to measure and monitor various parameters of solar panels. The system enables
real-time data acquisition and transmission for efficient solar energy management.

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4.OBJECTIVES:

 To read the current and voltage from the solar panel and send the data
to the cloud

The voltage and current that is being generated is read using voltage and current
sensors and the data is then sent to a cloud with the help of suitable wireless
protocol.

 To plot and store the data collected for easy understanding and
analysis.

The data sent to the cloud is stored and data visualization techniques are
implemented to create intuitive charts and graphs, enabling users to easily interpret
and analyze the collected information.

 To vary the intensity of the light based on the traffic conditions.

Based on the inputs from various sensors like IR sensor, PIR sensor and RTC timer
module, the intensity of the street light changes.

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5.Methodologies:

 Hardware Design

 Calibrating and testing sensors.

 Model Deployment.

The Sensor Based Smart Solar Street Light with Cloud based Data Collection consists of two
circuits:

1.To monitor the power generated by solar energy.

2.To control the intensity of light.

1.Block Diagram for Data Monitoring:

Components:

1. Voltage Sensor

2. Current Sensor

3. Node MCU (ESP8266)

4. Solar Panel

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 5. Connecting wires

The current and voltages of the solar panel are read by current and voltage
sensors respectively and the data is sent to the Node MCU(ESP8266) which uses Wi-Fi
protocol to send the data obtained to the cloud. The data can be accessed using the API
keys. The data is stored and plots are made to analyze the data. This data is useful in
determining the power that has to be generated using conventional sources i.e., fossil
fuels in order the meet the load demand. This changes across the day and across the
year.

1.Data Collection from Sensors:

 Voltage Sensor: It measures the voltage produced by the solar panels. This
information is used to calculate the power that is being generated by the solar
panels.

 Current Sensor: It measures the current flowing from the solar panels. This data is
important for assessing the actual energy being generated. By multiplying current
and voltage, the system can calculate the power generated by the solar panels. The
voltage remains almost same for a panel. But the current may vary based on the
intensity of light reaching the solar panel. This information helps in understanding
the overall energy generation capacity.

2. Data Transmission to Cloud:

 The collected data is sent to the cloud-based server through a secure connection.
This is usually achieved via wireless communication protocols. Here we are using
Wi-Fi protocol for data transmission to cloud.

3. Data Storage and Analysis:

 In the cloud, the data is stored in a database. The database is structured to efficiently
handle the large volume of data generated over time.

 Analysis algorithms process the stored data to generate reports, calculate energy
savings, and provide insights into usage patterns.

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2.Block Diagram to Control Intensity of Light:

Components:

1. RTC Timer Board

2. PIR Sensor

3. IR Sensor (Light Dependent Resistor)

4. Arduino Uno

5. MOSFET (IRLZ44N)

6. Light

7. Battery

8. Solar Charge Controller

9. Rectifier boards

10. Connecting wires

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 The inputs from various modules like PIR sensor, IR sensor and the RTC timer
board are being fed to the Arduino and they are processed. According to the logic given
through the program code, the Arduino gives a suitable output to the MOSFET which acts as
a switch and allows the input power to flow to output according to given input signal from
the Arduino. The light intensity is changed based on the output of the MOSFET.

1.RTC Timer (Real-Time Clock): The RTC timer records the time of day. It triggers data
collection events at specific intervals. In this project, the intensity of the light is fixed to 30%
and no changes are made even if there is any motion detection between the time 1AM and
3 AM.

2.LDR (Light-Dependent Resistor): The LDR measures ambient light levels. This data helps to
decide if the street light should be powered or not.

3.PIR Motion Sensor: The PIR sensor detects motion in its viscinity. This data is crucial for
determining to increase the light intensity.

4.Arduino Uno: It is used to process the information given from various sensors and based
the algorithm or code, the output signal is given to the MOSFET to obtain the desired
output.

5. Load Control: MOSFET is used to control the power supplied to the LED based on which
the intensity of light gets changed. It acts as a switch and regulated the power that is
supplied to the LED.

6.Battery: It is used to store the energy that is obtained by the solar panels and used to
power the LED during the night and also to upload the data from the solar panels during the
day time when the battery is being charged.

7. Charge Controller: It is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery. It
protects the battery from damages due to over charging. It regulates the voltage and current
produced by the solar panels. It ensures that the energy generated by panels is suitable for
charging the battery without overcharging it.
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6.The Status/level of work completed:

1. Literature Survey:
 Conducted a comprehensive literature survey encompassing various papers
related to the project.
 Gained valuable insights into the existing research landscape.

2. Component Investigation:
 Investigated the components required for the project.
 Thoroughly examined the functionalities and workings of each component.

3. Budget Analysis:
 Obtained detailed information regarding the budget allocation for the
project.

4. Methodology Exploration:
 Explored different methodologies applicable to the project.
 Evaluated the advantages and disadvantages associated with each method.

5. Model Selection:
 After careful consideration, a suitable model has been finalized for
implementation.

6. Mentor Consultation:
 Engaged in productive discussions with mentors regarding the project.
 Benefitted from their guidance and expertise in refining project.

7. Progress Documentation:
 Compiled a comprehensive report detailing the progress made thus far.
 Included a summary of all the tasks completed, insights gained, and decisions
made.
 Submitted abstract and report.
 Made a presentation on our project in the class.

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