VENKATESWAR

ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL

CSPUR, BHUBANESWAR

PROJECT NAME :-
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION

( 2024 – 2025 )

SUBMITTED BY– JIGYANSHU BHOL

CLASS – XI
SEC - D
ROLL NO. – 19

SUBMITTED TO :-
Santosh Ku. Mangaraj
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks to my Chemistry

teacher Mr Santosh Ku. Mangaraj to give me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents & friends

who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within then
limited time frame.

Lastly, I would like to thank all my supporters who have

motivated me to fulfill this project within the timeline.

Name : Jigyanshu Bhol

Class : XI Sec : D
Roll No. : 19
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Jigyanshu Bhol student of class XI Sec D

Roll No. 19 has successfully completed his Chemistry Project
successfully on the topic “Ozone layer depletion ” (2024-25).

Signature of Subject Teacher Signature of Head of Institution

 DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that the project “Ozone layer depletion”

submitted to Mr Santosh Ku. Mangaraj is a record of original
work done by me gaining the knowledge related to the
project from certain sources.

Signature of Student
 INDEX
Sn. No. Contents Pg. no.
1. Introduction 1
2. Who discover the ozone layer and 2
when?

3. What is the purpose of ozone layer? 3

4. What is ozone depletion ? 4
5. What happen to the ozone layer on 5
this day?
6. Causes of Ozone Depletion 6
7. Effects of Ozone Depletion 7
8. Ozone hole 8
9. The ozone layer was built of what 9
chemicals?
10. What will happen if ozone layer is 10
completely depleted?
11. How fast the ozone depletion grows? 11
12. Prevention & Solutions 12
13. Current Status of the Ozone Layer 13
14. Conclusion 14
15. References 15
 INTRODUCTION

• The ozone layer is a deep layer in the stratosphere ,

encircling the Earth, that has large amounts of ozone in
it. The layer shields the entire Earth from much of the
harmful ultraviolet radiation that comes from the sun.

• The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's

stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet
(UV) radiation. It contains high concentrations of ozone
(03) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere,
although still small in relation to other gases in
stratosphere.

• The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of

ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's
atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million.

• The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of

the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30
kilometers (12 to 19 mi) above Earth, although its
thickness varies seasonally and geographically.

1
 Who discover the ozone layer and when?
• The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French
physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson.

Charles Fabry Henri Buisson

• Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation

sent out from its surface and reaching the ground on
Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black
body with a temperature in the range of 5,500-6,000 K
(5,227 to 5,727°C), except that there was no radiation
below a wavelength of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet
end of the spectrum.

• It was deduced that the missing radiation was being

absorbed by something in the atmosphere. Eventually
the spectrum of the missing radiation was matched to
only one known chemical, ozone.

2
 What is the purpose of ozone layer?
• When the ozone layer absorbs the sun's ultraviolet
radiation, it creates a source of heat and regulates the
temperature of the Earth's atmosphere. If the ozone
didn't filter the sun's ultraviolet radiation, most of it
would reach the Earth's surface, which would be
dangerous for plants and animals. The function of the
ozone layer is to shield the Earth from the harmful
ultraviolet rays of the sun and to keep the Earth warm.

3
 What is ozone depletion ?

• Ozone layer depletion, is simply the wearing out

(reduction) of the amount of ozone in the stratosphere.
Unlike pollution, which has many types and causes,
Ozone depletion has been pinned down to one major
human activity.

• Ozone layer depletion is one of the most serious

problems faced by our planet Earth. It is also one of the
prime reasons which are leading to global warming.

The depletion of ozone layer in Atlantic :

4
 What happen to the ozone layer
on this day?
• Before climate change, the world's scientists were
warning us about the hole in the ozone layer. Hannah
Osborne looks back at how an environmental disaster
was averted and asks what the future holds.

• There is a hole in the ozone layer and it's going to kill

us all. Thirty years ago that was a global worry.
Scientists had discovered chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
were destroying the planet's ozone a colourless gas
that absorbs harmful UV rays from the Sun, protecting
life on Earth.

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 Causes of Ozone Depletion :

• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Used

in refrigeration, air conditioning,
and aerosols.
• Halons: Found in fire
extinguishers.
• Nitrous Oxides: Released from
fertilizers and industrial activities.
• Other Ozone-Depleting
Substances (ODS): Methyl
bromide, carbon tetrachloride.
• Aircraft Emissions: High-altitude
flights release nitrogen oxides
that harm ozone.
• Deforestation: Reduces oxygen
levels, indirectly affecting ozone
formation.

6
 Effects of Ozone Depletion :

• Human Health: Increased skin cancer, cataracts, and

weakened immune systems.
• Environment: Affects plant growth, reduces crop yields.
• Marine Life: Harms phytoplankton, affecting the aquatic
food chain.
• Climate Change Link: Ozone depletion and global
warming have interconnected effects.
• Material Damage: Increased UV radiation can degrade
plastics, rubber, and paints.
• Weather Changes: Affected ozone levels can influence
wind patterns and temperatures.

7
 Ozone Hole :
• First discovered in the Antarctic region.
• Caused by cold temperatures that accelerate ODS
reactions.
• Largest ozone hole recorded: 2020 (around 24 million
square kilometers).
• Seasonal Changes: The hole expands and contracts
depending on temperature.
• Arctic Ozone Hole: Lesser known but still significant.
• Effects on UV Exposure: More intense radiation in
affected areas.

8
 The ozone layer was built of what
chemicals?
• Ozone trioxidane and catena-trioxygen), or trioxygen, is
an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula 03. It is
a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.
• It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than
the diatomic allotrope 02, breaking down in the lower
atmosphere to O2 or dioxygen.
• Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of
ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical
discharges, and is present in low concentrations
throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere). In
total, ozone makes up only 0.6 ppm of the atmosphere.

9
What will happen if ozone layer is
completely depleted?

Land and Water Life Would Suffer :

Without the ozone laver's protection from the sun, people,
animals and plant life would be destroyed. Even underwater.
life would not be safe since UV rays can penetrate clear
water to a certain depth before being absorbed.
Increase in Disease :
However, increased exposure to the sun's radiation can also
cause blindness. and cataracts and, alarmingly, some experts
now believe that the amount of protection we receive from
vaccinations (for diseases such as measles) could be reduced
in people exposed to higher levels of UV-B rays.
Our Food Chain :
Many biological systems are damaged by exposure to UV-B
and research has shown that its effects are proportional to
the time and intensity of exposure and of course, small and
delicate organisms are much more vulnerable to damage
than larger species, such as humans.

10
 How fast the ozone depletion grows?

• The 2015 Antarctic ozone hole area was larger and

formed later than in recent years, said scientists from
NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA).
• On Oct 2, 2015, the ozone hole expanded to its peak of
28.2 million square kilometers (10.9 million square miles),
an area larger than the continent of North America.
Throughout October, the hole remained large and set
many area daily records. Unusually cold temperature and
weak dynamics in the Antarctic stratosphere this year
resulted in this larger ozone hole. In comparison, last year
the ozone hole peaked at 24.1 million square kilometers
(9.3 million square miles) on Sept. 11, 2014, Compared to
the 1991-2014 period, the 2015 ozone hole average area
was the fourth largest.

11
 Prevention & Solutions :
• Reduce use of ODS by choosing eco-friendly products.
• Use alternative refrigerants like HFCs (less harmful but
still potent greenhouse gases).
• Raise awareness about the importance of ozone
conservation.
• Government regulations and strict monitoring of
emissions.
• Promote Renewable Energy: Reduces industrial
emissions contributing to ozone depletion.
• Plant More Trees: Helps increase oxygen levels and
supports and the atmosphere.
• Sustainable Industry Practices: Eco-friendly
manufacturing and waste disposal.

12
 Current Status of the Ozone Layer

• Signs of recovery have been observed since the

implementation of the Montreal Protocol.
• Expected to fully recover by 2060 if regulations are
followed.
• However, climate change and new emissions remain
challenges.
• Satellite Monitoring: NASA and other agencies track
ozone recovery.
• Stratospheric Cooling: A sign that ozone recovery is
progressing.
• Unexpected Emissions: Some regions still produce
banned substances.

13
 Conclusion :-

• The ozone layer is essential for life on Earth.

• Human activities have caused significant damage, but
recovery is possible with continued action.
• We must work together to protect the ozone layer for
future generations.
• Long-Term Commitment: Governments, businesses, and
individuals must remain proactive.
• Scientific Innovations: Research on sustainable
alternatives can further aid recovery.

14
 References :-

• Montreal Protocol official website.

• NASA ozone monitoring reports.
• World Health Organization (WHO) studies on UV
radiation impact.
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) reports
on ozone depletion.
• Scientific journals on atmospheric chemistry and ozone
layer recovery trends.

THANK YOU !!

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