INSTITUTO DE TRANSPORTES E COMUNICAÇÕES

CV5- NETWORK ADMINISTRATION

COMUNICATION WORK RELETED INFORMATION IN ENGLISH
UC HG025002

AREAS OF NETWORK ADMINISTRATION

Trainees: trainer:
Nilton Mavie Nelio Chongo
Wisly Manjate
Klerson
Waken
Kevin

Maputo, April de 202

INTRODUTION

Network Administration is a vital field in Information Technology (IT), responsible for

the efficient, secure, and continuous management of computer networks within
organizations. Its primary role is to ensure reliable communication between devices,
protect data and services, and optimize system performance that supports business
operations..
Network Administration

Network Administration is the process of managing and maintaining a computer

network, including its hardware, software, and security systems. It involves tasks such
as setting up and configuring network devices (like routers, switches, and firewalls),
monitoring network performance, troubleshooting issues, ensuring data security, and
managing user access. The goal of network administration is to keep the network
running efficiently, securely, and reliably so that users can connect, communicate, and
access resources without disruption.

Key Responsibilities of Network Administration

Network administration consists of a wide range of tasks focused on keeping an

organization’s computer network running efficiently and securely. It begins with
setting up and configuring network hardware such as routers, switches, and wireless
access points, as well as establishing the proper IP addressing and network structure.
A big part of the role also involves monitoring the network to ensure everything is
performing well, detecting any issues, and carrying out routine maintenance like
firmware updates and software patches. Security is a major priority, so network
administrators manage firewalls, set up secure remote access like VPNs, and control
who can access different parts of the network. When issues arise\like slow
connections or outages they troubleshoot and fix them quickly to minimize
downtime. They also manage user accounts, making sure people have access to the
right resources like servers and printers, while keeping the network protected from
unauthorized access. Finally, network administration includes preparing for
emergencies by creating backup systems and disaster recovery plans, ensuring that
data and connectivity can be restored in case of failures or cyberattacks.

Goals of Network Administration

Network administration plays a critical role in the smooth operation of any organization
that relies on computer systems and digital communication. The primary goals of
network administration revolve around ensuring that the network is always available,
secure, and efficient. These goals guide every task and responsibility a network
administrator handles on a daily basis.

One of the most important goals is to ensure network reliability and uptime. This
means making sure that all systems, devices, and services connected to the network are
operating continuously without interruptions. A reliable network allows employees,
students, or users to access the resources they need when they need them. Network
administrators work to minimize downtime by identifying and fixing issues quickly,
maintaining hardware, and applying necessary updates.

Another essential goal is to maintain strong network security. Cybersecurity threats

are constantly evolving, and it is the job of the network administrator to stay ahead of
them. This involves setting up firewalls, encryption, intrusion detection systems, and
strong access controls. Regular security audits and updates help protect sensitive data
from unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and internal breaches.

In addition to reliability and security, network administrators also focus on optimizing

network performance. A high-performing network allows for fast data transfer, smooth
video conferencing, and efficient cloud access. To achieve this, administrators monitor
network traffic, adjust bandwidth allocation, manage load balancing, and remove
bottlenecks that slow things down. Their goal is to deliver consistent, high-speed
connectivity across the organization.

Another key goal is to support users and manage network resources effectively. This
includes managing user accounts, assigning appropriate access permissions, and
ensuring that everyone has the tools and resources they need from internet access to
shared printers and servers. When users experience issues, network administrators
provide support and solve problems promptly, helping to maintain productivity.

Looking toward the future, scalability and planning for growth are important goals of
network administration. As organizations grow, so do their networking needs. A good
network administrator designs the network to handle more users, more devices, and
higher data usage. This might involve upgrading infrastructure, adopting new
technologies, or expanding into cloud-based services.
Equally important is the goal of disaster recovery and data backup. No matter how
secure or well-maintained a network is, unexpected problems can occur such as
hardware failures, cyberattacks, or natural disasters. Network administrators prepare for
these situations by creating detailed backup and recovery plans. These plans ensure that,
in the event of data loss or network failure, systems can be restored quickly with
minimal impact on operations.

Finally, network administrators aim to maintain compliance and documentation.

Many industries are required to follow strict regulations when it comes to data handling
and cybersecurity. Administrators ensure that the network meets these standards and that
proper records are kept. Accurate documentation is also essential for troubleshooting
issues, training new team members, and planning future improvements.

Key Areas of Network Administration

Network administration covers several important areas that work together to ensure a
reliable, secure, and efficient computer network. Each area focuses on a specific aspect
of the network and plays a critical role in the overall management of IT infrastructure.

One of the core areas is Network Configuration and Setup. This involves installing
and configuring the hardware and software needed to build the network. Network
administrators set up routers, switches, firewalls, and wireless access points. They
design the network layout (topology), assign IP addresses, and configure protocols that
allow devices to communicate. A well-configured network is the foundation for all other
operations.

Another key area is Network Monitoring and Performance Management. Once the
network is up and running, it needs constant monitoring to ensure it performs
efficiently. Administrators use specialized tools to track network traffic, bandwidth
usage, latency, and connectivity issues. By analyzing this data, they can identify
problems early, optimize traffic flow, and prevent downtime.

Network Security is a critical focus area. With cyber threats on the rise, protecting the
network is more important than ever. This includes setting up firewalls, intrusion
detection and prevention systems, antivirus tools, and secure access policies.
Administrators also manage user authentication, encryption, and security patches to
defend against hacking attempts, malware, and data breaches.

User and Resource Management is another essential part of the job. Network
administrators create and manage user accounts, assign access levels, and control
permissions for different parts of the network. They ensure users can access shared
resources like printers, file servers, applications, and the internet. Good user
management helps maintain productivity and security.

Troubleshooting and Support is a daily responsibility for network administrators.

Whenever users experience problems with connectivity, speed, or access, it’s up to the
network team to diagnose and fix the issue. They also repair or replace hardware,
resolve software conflicts, and update drivers or firmware as needed.

Backup and Disaster Recovery planning is another vital area. Network administrators
create regular data backups and set up systems that can recover quickly from failures.
This ensures business continuity in case of a power outage, hardware failure,
cyberattack, or other unexpected event.

Finally, Documentation and Compliance rounds out the key areas of network
administration. Accurate records of network configurations, updates, incidents, and user
access are essential. These documents help with troubleshooting, future upgrades,
audits, and meeting industry regulations.

Key Responsibilities of a Network Administrator

A network administrator is a key part of any organization’s IT team. Their main job is
to make sure the company’s computer network runs smoothly, efficiently, and securely
at all times. They are responsible for setting up the network by installing and
configuring hardware like routers, switches, and firewalls, as well as connecting
computers and devices so that they can communicate with one another. Once the
network is up and running, the administrator monitors its performance daily, making
sure everything is fast and reliable, and quickly fixing any problems that come up.

Security is also a big part of the job. Network administrators protect the system from
hackers, viruses, and unauthorized access by managing firewalls, updating security
settings, and applying patches to keep everything secure. They control who can access
what on the network, set up user accounts, and help staff connect to resources like
shared files, printers, or cloud services. When issues arise like slow connections or
outages they troubleshoot and fix them as quickly as possible to avoid downtime.

In addition to keeping things running, network administrators also plan for the future.
As a business grows, its network needs to grow too. That means upgrading equipment,
adding more users or devices, and sometimes shifting to newer technologies like cloud
networks. They also handle backups and recovery plans so that important data isn't lost
if something goes wrong, like a power outage or cyberattack. On top of all that, they
keep detailed documentation of how the network is set up, so they (or others) can
troubleshoot problems more easily and stay organized.

Overall, network administrators are the ones behind the scenes who keep the digital
backbone of an organization strong, secure, and ready for anything.

Network infrastructure forms the backbone of digital communication within an

organization. The network administrator is responsible for installing and maintaining
network devices such as switches, routers, modems, and access points (APs), as well as
structured cabling (UTP cables, fiber optics, etc.). Planning the physical topology is also
critical, considering redundancy, scalability, and coverage. Techniques like switch
stacking, network segmentation, and redundant links help enhance network reliability.
Physical factors such as building architecture, sources of interference, and
environmental conditions must also be evaluated during equipment installation.

Network Security

With the growing number of cyber threats, security has become a top priority. Network
administrators must deploy firewalls, Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems
(IDS/IPS), Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), encryption methods, Multi-Factor
Authentication (MFA), and access control policies. Secure protocols (such as HTTPS,
SSH, and SNMPv3) must be implemented, along with regular security audits, incident
response planning, and user awareness training. Network security is not a one-time
setup it requires continuous monitoring, updates, and adaptation to new threats.

Server Administration and IP Addressing

In addition to managing networking devices, administrators are responsible for servers

that provide services such as DNS, DHCP, email, file storage, and databases. They must
install, configure, update, and monitor server operating systems (Windows Server,
Linux, etc.) and critical services. IP address management involves the proper
distribution of static and dynamic IP addresses (via DHCP), preventing conflicts and
ensuring efficient subnet usage. Techniques like subnetting and Network Address
Translation (NAT) are used to improve scalability and internet connectivity. Tools like
IP Address Management (IPAM) systems and planning for IPv6 adoption are also part
of this domain.

Network Monitoring and Quality of Service (QoS)

Continuous network monitoring helps identify failures, performance bottlenecks, and

suspicious activities. Tools such as Zabbix, Nagios, PRTG, and Wireshark are widely
used to monitor traffic, availability, and device health. Data from monitoring tools
supports preventive maintenance, performance tuning, and report generation for
decision-making. Quality of Service (QoS) is applied to prioritize critical traffic like
VoIP or video conferencing ensuring smooth and stable performance by managing
packet loss, delay, and jitter.

Backup, Disaster Recovery and Documentation

Regular backups of data and network configurations are essential for protecting
organizations from failures, cyberattacks, or natural disasters. Disaster recovery plans
must be tested periodically to ensure quick restoration in emergencies. Keeping
documentation up to date is equally important. This includes physical and logical
diagrams, configurations, credentials, policies, and change logs. Proper documentation
helps avoid errors, speeds up support, and facilitates employee training. Organizations
following standards such as ISO/IEC 27001 must maintain detailed records for
compliance.

VPNs and Secure Remote Access Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) allow secure
access to internal networks over public networks like the internet. VPNs use encryption
to ensure confidentiality and data integrity, especially when users connect remotely.
There are different types of VPNs:

• Remote Access VPNs: Used by employees to connect securely to the company

network from remote locations. Ideal for telecommuting and mobile workforces. • Site-
to-Site VPNs: Connect entire networks across geographic locations, typically used
between branch offices and the main office.

• SSL VPNs: Provide secure access through a web browser without needing a full VPN
client.

• IPSec VPNs: Offer strong encryption and authentication for secure communication
between networks or devices. VPNs are fundamental for organizations with hybrid or
remote work environments. Proper implementation of VPNs includes selecting
appropriate protocols (e.g., OpenVPN, L2TP/IPSec), using strong encryption (AES-
256), and integrating with user authentication systems like RADIUS or LDAP.
Monitoring and logging VPN usage also helps detect anomalies and reinforce security
policies. .
Conclusion

Network Administration is a dynamic and essential discipline that ensures the

functionality and security of modern organizations. It involves strategic planning,
technical expertise, and ongoing adaptation to technological advances and security
threats. From maintaining infrastructure and managing servers to enforcing security and
enabling remote access through VPNs, the network administrator plays a critical role in
the continuity and growth of any business. A skilled network administrator not only
prevents failures but also enhances performance, supports compliance, and empowers
digital transformation within organization
Referências

TANENBAUM, Andrew S.; WETHERALL, David J. Computer Networks. 5th ed.

Pearson, 2011.

• OLIVEIRA, Ariadne Maria de. Network Administration. Érica, 2018.

• BEAL, George. Network Administrator: Complete Guide. Ciência Moderna, 2009.

• MICROSOFT. What is DHCP?. Available at:

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/networking/technologies/dhcp/dhcp-
top

• TECMUNDO. What does a network administrator do?. Available at:

https://www.tecmundo.com.br/mercado/230673-faz-administrador-redes.htm

• ISO/IEC 27001 – International Standard on Information Security Management.