KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

Guidelines for Preparing Project Reports in

Electrical and Electronics Engineering at
Kyambogo University

By
Roland N IWAREEBA
Registration Number: 18/U/ETD/PE
Supervisor: Prof. John Muwanga

A report submitted to the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department,

Kyambogo University, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor
of Electrical Engineering

March 2024
 i

Declaration of Authorship
I, Roland N IWAREEBA, declare that this Project Report titled, “Guidelines for Preparing Project
Reports in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kyambogo University” and the work presented
in it are my own. I confirm that:

• This work was done wholly while in candidature for the degree of Bachelor of Electrical
Engineeringat Kyambogo University.

• Where any part of this report has previously been submitted for a degree or any other
qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated.

• Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed.

• Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception
of such quotations, this Project Report is entirely my own work.

• I have acknowledged all main sources of help.

• Where the Project Report is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made
clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself.

Signed:

Date: 16th March 2024

 ii

Approval

I, Prof. John Muwanga, hereby approve that this report titled “Guidelines for Preparing Project
Reports in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kyambogo University” has been prepared
by Roland N IWAREEBA, a student of Kyambogo University, to the best of his knowledge and
experience. The contents of this report are based on original work conducted by Roland N IWA -
REEBA during the project development and implementation. He has demonstrated a commendable
level of dedication and expertise in compiling the information and presenting the findings.

Furthermore, I attest that this report has not been submitted to any other academic institution
or published elsewhere, making it an authentic and unique piece of academic work. Roland
N IWAREEBA’s efforts in producing this report have been exemplary, reflecting his commitment to
academic excellence and thorough research.

Signed:

Date: 16th March 2024

 iii

A dedication is a personal message that the student includes at the beginning of

their project report to express gratitude, appreciation, or recognition to individuals
or groups who have supported or inspired them throughout their project journey.
The dedication can be a short and heartfelt message, and its style can vary based
on the student’s preferences. Here’s a sample dedication:

This Project Report is dedicated to my Parents, Dr. Rodgers Mugisha and Eng.
Marget Owinema. Your unyielding love, support, and belief in my abilities have
been the driving force behind my pursuit of knowledge and growth in the field of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
NB: Please remember to delete the above text and replace it with a dedication
message as you wish.
 iv

Abstract
The abstract is your project’s window to the world, offering a glimpse of the fascinating discoveries
and innovations that lie within. As the first point of contact for readers, it plays a crucial role in
captivating their attention and sparking their interest in your work.To ensure its effectiveness, craft
your abstract with precision and conciseness. Limit its length to a range of 150–250 words, packing
it with essential information without overwhelming the reader. Be comprehensive in conveying
the core objectives, methodologies, key findings, and significance of your project. Remember, the
abstract must stand alone as a self-contained entity. Avoid the use of abbreviations, references,
or complex mathematical equations that could obscure its clarity. Instead, focus on clear and
straightforward language that can be easily understood by a diverse audience.The abstract serves as
a microcosm of your entire report, offering a snapshot of what readers can expect to explore further.
Make it engaging, infused with enthusiasm for your subject matter. Emphasize the real-world
implications of your research, highlighting its potential applications and contributions to the field
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.Through a captivating abstract, you invite readers to
delve into the full depths of your project, igniting their curiosity and inspiring them to explore the
knowledge you’ve unearthed. As the portal to your work, the abstract is a powerful tool to leave a
lasting impression and ignite the curiosity of researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts alike.
 v

Acknowledgements
The acknowledgments section of a project report is an opportunity for the student to express
gratitude and appreciation to individuals, organizations, or institutions that have provided support,
guidance, or assistance throughout the project. This section is a heartfelt way to acknowledge those
who have contributed to the project’s success, whether through direct involvement, mentorship,
funding, or emotional support.

In the acknowledgments section, students should ensure they mention all relevant individuals or
entities without whom the project might not have been possible. It’s essential to be sincere, specific,
and gracious in expressing gratitude. The acknowledgments section allows students to recognize
the collaborative nature of research and the network of support that contributes to the successful
completion of a project.

Example:

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have supported and encouraged me
throughout the journey of this project. Their unwavering belief in my abilities has been instrumental
in bringing this endeavor to fruition.

First and foremost, I express my deepest appreciation to my project supervisor, Prof. John Muwanga,
whose valuable insights, constructive feedback, and constant encouragement have been the guiding
light throughout this research. Your expertise and mentorship have shaped the direction of this
project and enriched my understanding of the subject matter.

I am grateful to the faculty members of the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
at Kyambogo University for providing an intellectually stimulating environment that nurtured my
passion for learning and research.

I would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Higher Education Student Financing
Board (HEST) that enabled me to conduct this research. Their generosity played a significant role
in the successful completion of this project.

My sincere thanks to my friends and family for their unyielding love, encouragement, and un-
derstanding during the highs and lows of this academic journey. Your belief in me has been my
constant motivation.

Lastly, I would like to extend my appreciation to the participants of this study, whose willingness
to share their time and knowledge contributed immensely to the quality of the data collected.

Roland N IWAREEBA
March 2024
 vi

Contents

Declaration of Authorship i

Approval ii

Abstract iv

Acknowledgements v

List of Figures viii

List of Tables ix

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms x

List of Symbols xi

1 Major Sections of a Project Report 1

1.1 Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.2 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.3 Aims and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.4 Justification / Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3.5 Scope of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4.1 Purpose of the Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4.2 Key Elements of a Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5.1 Key Components of the Methodology Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5.2 Replicability and Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.6 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7 Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.7.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.7.2 Recommendations for Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
 vii

1.9 Appendices (if applicable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.10 Figures, Tables and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 Project Assessment Criteria 10

2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Assessment Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1 Summarized Marking Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.2 Detailed Summary of Overall Component Assessments . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Plagiarism Detection and Turnitin Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.1 Procedure for Using Turnitin Software to Generate the Similarity Index
Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

References 16
 viii

List of Figures
 ix

List of Tables
2.1 Project Report Evaluation Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
 x

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

IC Collector Current
VBE Voltage at the Base with respect to the Emitter
VCE Voltage at the Collector with respect to the Emitter

CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

 xi

List of Symbols
Ψ(x,t ) Wavefunction in 3D Space-Time

ṙ Derivative of Position Vector r with respect to Time

∀ Universal Quantifier ("For All")

R Set of Real Numbers

L Laplace Transform Operator

∇·F Divergence of Vector Field F

H
C Closed Line Integral

∂A Boundary of Set A

∑ni=1 xi Summation of n Elements xi

⃗F Vector Field F
 1

1 Major Sections of a Project Report

1.1 Title Page

All project reports must provide the following information on the cover:

1. The title
2. Your name
3. Registration Number
4. Programme of study
5. The name of your supervisor/s
6. Report Submission Statement: A report submitted to the Electrical and Electronics Engineer-
ing Department, Kyambogo University, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Electrical Engineering
7. The date of submission (month and year)

Please use the cover page example provided as a reference for creating your own cover page. It
serves as an illustrative model that students can follow to ensure proper formatting and content
inclusion. By referring to this example, you can align your cover page with the academic standards
and specific requirements of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department at Kyambogo
University.

1.2 Preliminaries
1. Abstract
2. Declaration of Authorship
3. Approval and Endorsement by Supervisor
4. Dedication
5. Acknowledgments
6. Abbreviations and Acronyms: The list of abbreviations and acronyms provides explanations
and expansions for any shortened forms of terms used in the project report. This section
aids readers in comprehending specialized terminology without the need to search for their
definitions elsewhere.

In the realm of electrical engineering, various essential terms and acronyms are initially
Chapter 1. Major Sections of a Project Report 2

introduced in their full forms for comprehensive understanding. It’s important to note the
distinction between abbreviations and acronyms:

• Abbreviations typically consist of shortened forms of words or phrases, where parts of

the original term are retained. For instance, in electronics, you might encouter terms
such as Voltage at the Collector with respect to the Emitter (VCE ), Voltage at the Base
with respect to the Emitter (VBE ) and Collector Current (IC ).

• Acronyms, on the other hand, are formed by taking the initial letters of a phrase and
creating a new word from them. For example, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) quantifies
the signal strength relative to background noise, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
facilitates wireless communication in local environments, and Complementary Metal-
Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology finds widespread application in integrated
circuits.

As the report progresses, these terms are subsequently referred to using their abbreviated
forms, such as VCE , VBE , IC for abbreviations, and SNR, WLAN, CMOS for acronyms. This
approach streamlines the narrative, minimizing redundancy, and allowing for a more efficient
presentation of technical concepts throughout the document. This approach streamlines the
narrative, minimizing redundancy, and allowing for a more efficient presentation of technical
concepts throughout the document.
7. Table of Contents: The table of contents is a detailed outline of the project report, listing all
major sections and subsections along with their corresponding page numbers. It facilitates
easy navigation and allows readers to locate specific information within the report.
8. List of Figures: The list of figures enumerates all the visual elements, such as graphs, charts,
illustrations, or photographs, included in the project report, along with their corresponding
page numbers. This list enables readers to locate and refer to visual representations of the
data.
9. List of Symbols: The list of symbols provides explanations for any specialized symbols
or notation used in the project report. This section aids readers in interpreting equations,
formulas, or any other symbolic representation employed in the study.
10. List of Tables: The list of tables presents a catalog of all tables included in the project
report, along with their corresponding page numbers. It allows readers to quickly find and
refer to tabular data presented in the report.
Chapter 1. Major Sections of a Project Report 3

1.3 Introduction

1.3.1 Background
The introduction section of your project report serves as a crucial opening that presents a clear
and concise overview of the problem under investigation and its background [1–3]. It is your
opportunity to demonstrate your ability to undertake and present scientific research effectively,
emphasizing a focused approach directly related to your specific project.

To maintain relevance and coherence, it is essential to avoid extensive literature surveys. Instead,
concentrate on discussing publications directly relevant to your project, such as those describing
similar devices, materials, measurements, techniques, or previous research related to the topic
[2][4]. Articulate the reasons for citing each paper, whether your work builds upon their findings,
addresses specific questions raised in those publications, or provides alternative conclusions.

Throughout your report, ensure that you relate the implications of your work back to the publications
you have cited, establishing a strong connection between your findings and the existing body of
literature [5][4]. However, refrain from discussing results in the introduction, as this section should
only provide context and background information.

By adhering to these guidelines, your background will effectively set the stage for your project
report, introducing the problem at hand, its relevance, and the valuable contributions your research
offers to the scientific community.

1.3.2 Problem Statement

A problem statement is a concise and clear description of a specific issue, challenge, or concern that
requires attention or investigation. It defines the core problem to be addressed in a research project,
report, or study. The purpose of a problem statement is to inform readers about the central focus of
the research and to provide a basis for understanding the project’s objectives and significance. In
academic or scientific writing, the problem statement sets the context for the study, explaining why
the research is necessary and how it fills a gap in existing knowledge or practice. A well-crafted
problem statement is crucial for guiding the research process and ensuring that the project stays
focused on addressing the identified issue. It helps the reader understand the purpose of the study
and the expected outcomes without delving into the specific research objectives.

1.3.3 Aims and Objectives

It is extremely important to set out explicitly what you were aiming to achieve in your research
project at the outset. Typically, the overall aim of the project will be a long-term aim with a “big
picture” relevance to science and society whereas the objectives will be more immediate, shorter
term “milestones” which represent significant steps en route to the overall aim. The aims and
Chapter 1. Major Sections of a Project Report 4

objectives will of course be framed by the preceding “Introduction” and background literature and
should be referred back to in the “Conclusions” and “Future Work” sections.

1.3.4 Justification / Significance

The justification or significance of study in a research project refers to the rationale and reasons
behind conducting the research. It explains the importance and relevance of the study, highlighting
its potential contributions to knowledge, practice, and real-world applications. This section aims to
convince readers of the project’s value and the significance of its findings.

Example

The significance of this study lies in its potential to revolutionize renewable energy technology.
With an increasing global focus on sustainable energy solutions, this research project investigates
the feasibility and efficiency of integrating solar panels with energy storage systems. By optimizing
the combination of solar photovoltaic cells and advanced battery technologies, this study aims
to enhance the overall performance and reliability of renewable energy systems. The outcomes
of this research have practical applications in off-grid electrification, reducing carbon emissions,
and providing reliable power in remote areas. Moreover, this study fills a notable gap in existing
research, offering innovative solutions to challenges in the renewable energy sector. The findings of
this project will contribute valuable insights to the field, empowering policymakers, industries, and
communities to make informed decisions regarding the adoption and implementation of sustainable
energy solutions.

1.3.5 Scope of the Project

The scope of the project defines the boundaries and extent of the research or work that will be
conducted. It outlines the specific objectives, tasks, deliverables, and limitations of the project.
The scope sets realistic expectations for what will be included in the project and what will not
be covered, ensuring that the project remains manageable and achievable within the available
resources and time frame.

Example

The scope of this project encompasses the design and development of an autonomous drone
for agricultural monitoring purposes. The primary objective is to create a drone equipped with
advanced sensors and imaging technology to collect real-time data on crop health, soil moisture
levels, and pest infestations. The project will involve the construction of a custom drone platform,
integration of sensors, and the development of control algorithms for autonomous flight and data
collection. The geographical area of operation will be limited to a selected farm or agricultural
field for field testing. However, the scope does not include large-scale commercial deployment or
extensive data analysis beyond basic on-site processing. Additionally, the project will not address
Chapter 1. Major Sections of a Project Report 5

the development of specialized agricultural management software for data interpretation. The scope
is limited to a six-month timeline and will be conducted within the available budget and resources.

1.4 Literature Review

The literature review section in a project report serves as a critical examination of existing literature
and previously published works that are directly relevant to the project’s topic, research questions,
or objectives. It involves systematically and thoroughly reviewing a range of credible sources,
such as academic papers, books, research articles, and reputable online publications, to gather a
comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

1.4.1 Purpose of the Literature Review

1. Establishing Context: The literature review places the project within the broader context of
the field of study. By surveying existing literature, it helps readers grasp the historical and
theoretical background of the topic and understand how the project fits into the existing body
of knowledge.
2. Identifying Gaps and Rationale: It helps identify gaps or deficiencies in the existing
research or knowledge. By recognizing what has already been done and what remains to be
explored, the literature review justifies the necessity and relevance of the project.
3. Informing Research Approach: The literature review informs the research approach and
methodology. By analyzing previous research methods and findings, the project can build
on successful approaches and learn from limitations or challenges encountered by other
researchers.
4. Avoiding Redundancy: By understanding what has already been studied, the project team
can avoid repeating research that has already been conducted and focus on contributing new
insights or approaches.

1.4.2 Key Elements of a Literature Review

The following are the key elements of literature review:

1. Scope and Selection Criteria: Define the scope of the literature review, such as the time
frame covered or the specific sub-topics included. Also, state the criteria used to select the
sources, such as relevance, credibility, and publication date.
2. Synthesis and Comparison: Analyze and synthesize the findings of various sources, identi-
fying common themes, patterns, and contradictions. Compare different studies to highlight
the diversity of perspectives on the subject.
Chapter 1. Major Sections of a Project Report 6

3. Critical Evaluation: Evaluate the quality and credibility of the sources, considering the
methodologies used, the strength of evidence, and potential biases. This critical assessment
enhances the reliability of the literature review.
4. Integration with the Project: Explicitly link the findings from the literature review to
the project’s research questions, objectives, or hypotheses. Demonstrate how the existing
literature informs the direction and significance of the project.
5. Organizational Structure: Organize the literature review coherently, often in chronological
or thematic order. Provide clear transitions between different studies and highlight the key
takeaways from each.

1.5 Methodology
The methodology section in a project report is a crucial part that describes the overall research
design, approach, and procedures employed to achieve the project’s objectives. It provides a
detailed roadmap for conducting the study and ensures the reliability and validity of the research
findings. This section should be comprehensive and transparent, allowing other researchers to
replicate the study and validate the results.

1.5.1 Key Components of the Methodology Section

Research Design: Describe the overall research design chosen for the project. Common research
designs include experimental, correlational, descriptive, or case study approaches. Explain why the
chosen design is most suitable for addressing the research questions or objectives.

Participants or Sample: If applicable, specify the characteristics of the participants or sample

involved in the study. Include details such as sample size, selection criteria, and any demographic
information that may be relevant to the research.

Data Collection Methods: Clearly state the methods used to gather data for the study. This may
include surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, or the collection of existing data from
databases or archives.

Data Collection Instruments: Describe the specific instruments or tools utilized to collect
data, such as questionnaires, interview guides, or data recording forms. Provide details on the
development or adaptation of these instruments and their validity and reliability.

Procedures: Outline the step-by-step procedures followed during data collection and analysis.
Provide a detailed account of how data was gathered, processed, and interpreted.

Data Analysis: Specify the analytical techniques employed to analyze the data. Whether quantita-
tive or qualitative, describe the statistical methods, software, or thematic analysis processes used to
interpret the data.
Chapter 1. Major Sections of a Project Report 7

Ethical Considerations: Address any ethical issues related to the research, such as informed
consent from participants, confidentiality, privacy, and any steps taken to protect the well-being of
individuals involved in the study.

Limitations: Acknowledge and discuss any limitations or constraints that may have influenced the
research process or impacted the results. Transparently address any potential biases or factors that
might affect the generalizability of the findings.

1.5.2 Replicability and Validity

To ensure the replicability and validity of the study, the methodology section should be detailed
enough for other researchers to replicate the research. By providing comprehensive and clear
information on the research design, data collection, and analysis processes, other scholars can
follow the same procedures and verify the results. Transparency in the methodology enhances the
project’s credibility and builds trust in the accuracy and reliability of the findings.

1.6 Results and Discussions

This section presents the experimental findings, encompassing both successful outcomes and
challenges encountered, as transparency in the research process is essential for accurate evaluation.
Noteworthy, scientific research often entails unsuccessful endeavors, which shouldn’t diminish the
value of the work done. The discussion follows, elucidating the significance of the results and laying
the groundwork for future research directions. To ensure clarity and conciseness, only relevant
results should be included, and figures, tables, and equations utilized for better comprehension.
Employing flow diagrams and reaction schemes can enhance understanding. Avoid redundancy
and unnecessary embellishments in the presentation. Minimize duplication of data in text, tables,
and figures, and consider creating a separate "Supporting Information" file for routine data and
supplementary details.

Thoughtful consideration should be given to the order of presenting results, as a well-organized

presentation strengthens persuasive arguments. Strategically choose schemes, graphs, figures, and
diagrams to clearly illustrate key points. Starting with the selection of diagrams before crafting
the text can facilitate a coherent narrative. Ensure that plots are well-labeled with titles, axes, and
error bars if applicable, aiding accurate interpretation. Emphasize clear labeling to enhance plot
comprehension. When comparing two graphs in the text, present them one-under-the-other with
common axes for easier comparison. By adopting a systematic approach to presenting results and
employing effective visual aids, the reader’s understanding and engagement will be optimized.
Chapter 1. Major Sections of a Project Report 8

1.7 Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Work

1.7.1 Conclusion
This section should state the main conclusions of your research project, and give a clear explanation
of their importance and relevance. It should be used to highlight the novelty and significance of
the work and how it sits relative to the state of the art in the field. A brief reiteration of the key
messages from the "Results and Discussion" section is probably sufficient. Be honest in your
appraisal of the status of your work.

1.7.2 Recommendations for Future Work

The recommendations for future work section provides valuable insights and suggestions for
further exploration and improvement in the field. Based on the findings and limitations of the
current research, this section identifies potential areas that warrant additional investigation. It is
essential to propose innovative research directions, novel methodologies, or unexplored aspects
that could advance knowledge and address unresolved questions. Moreover, highlighting potential
applications of the research findings in practical scenarios can guide future projects and foster the
translation of research into real-world solutions. By presenting well-justified and forward-looking
recommendations, this section paves the way for future researchers to build upon the current work
and continue making meaningful contributions to the field.

1.8 References
The references section provides a list of all the sources cited in the project report. At the Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, we recommend utilizing the IEEE referencing standard
for the references section.

1.9 Appendices (if applicable)

Appendices contain supplementary information that supports the main content of the report. This
may include detailed calculations, additional data, survey questionnaires, or any other materials
that enhance understanding but are too extensive for inclusion in the main body.

1.10 Figures, Tables and Equations

This section provides instructions on how to include figures (graphs, charts, illustrations, or
photographs), tables (data organized in rows and columns) and equations effectively. Follow these
guidelines to ensure clarity and consistency in visual representations of data:
Chapter 1. Major Sections of a Project Report 9

1. Caption and Numbering: Assign a descriptive caption to each figure, table, and equation,
explaining its content concisely. Number them sequentially throughout the report (e.g.,
Figure 1.1, Table 4.2, Equation (2.3)) for easy reference in the text.
2. Placement: Place figures, tables, and equations as close as possible to their first mention in
the text. Typically, figures are located above or below the paragraph referencing them, while
tables are often positioned directly after their mention. Equations can be embedded within
the text or placed on separate lines, depending on the style guide.
3. Formatting and Sizing: Ensure that figures, tables, and equations are visually clear and
readable. Adjust their size as needed to fit the page while maintaining legibility. Use
appropriate fonts and font sizes for text within figures, tables, and equations.
4. Title and Labels: Figures should have concise titles providing context for the content. Axes
in graphs and charts should be labeled with relevant units. Tables must include column
headers, and equations should be labeled with equation numbers.
5. Referencing: When referring to figures and tables in the text, use the assigned numbers (e.g.,
"As shown in Figure 4.1," "As seen in Table 2.2", "According to Equation (2.1)"). Avoid
vague references like "above" or "below."
6. Data Source and Notes: Provide information about the data source and any relevant notes
or explanations directly below the figure or table if necessary.
7. Consistency: Maintain consistency in the format and style of all figures and tables to ensure
a professional and cohesive presentation.
8. Originality and Permissions: If using figures or tables from external sources, ensure proper
attribution and permissions as required by copyright laws. Follow the guidelines for citing
external sources in the references section.

Remember that figures and tables should complement the text, presenting complex information in a
visually accessible manner. They play a significant role in enhancing the reader’s understanding of
the research and should be thoughtfully incorporated into the project report.
 10

2 Project Assessment Criteria

2.1 Introduction
In this Chapter, we present the guidelines for project assessment in the Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Department at Kyambogo University. These guidelines have been thoughtfully crafted
to provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating the projects undertaken by students in the
department. As an esteemed academic institution, we are dedicated to nurturing engineering
talents and promoting scholarly excellence. Through these assessment criteria, we aim to ensure
that student projects are meticulously evaluated, emphasizing the importance of academic rigor,
relevance, and innovation in the field of electrical and electronics engineering. By adhering to
these guidelines, the students can showcase their research capabilities, critical thinking skills, and
practical implementation expertise, contributing to the advancement of knowledge and addressing
real-world engineering challenges.

This document serves as a roadmap for project assessment, providing clarity and transparency
in the evaluation process while encouraging the pursuit of engineering excellence at Kyambogo
University.

2.2 Assessment Criteria

2.2.1 Summarized Marking Guide

The summarized marking guide used by faculty when assessing the Project Reports is given in
Table 2.1.

2.2.2 Detailed Summary of Overall Component Assessments

The details for each of the four components given in Table 2.1 are given below.

Overall Assessment of Content and Research

(i) Outstanding: The content and research are exceptional in every aspect, demonstrating
clarity, relevance, thoroughness, and critical thinking across all dimensions. The report
is comprehensive, well-supported by literature, methodologically sound, and presents re-
sults with clarity and interpretation. Comparison with existing literature is insightful, the
Chapter 2. Project Assessment Criteria 11

Table 2.1: Project Report Evaluation Criteria

Component Criteria Weightage

Content and Research - Clarity and relevance of the problem statement and 50%
objectives.
- Thoroughness and critical evaluation of the litera-
ture review.
- Appropriateness and rigor of the research methodol-
ogy.
- Clear presentation and interpretation of results.
- Effective comparison with existing literature and
state-of-the-art.
- Honest appraisal of the project’s status and limita-
tions.
- Identification of relevant areas for future research.

Writing and Presentation - Overall clarity and coherence of the report. 20%
- Proper use of grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
- Professional formatting and visual appeal of the doc-
ument.
- Proper labeling and presentation of figures, tables,
and equations.
- Consistency and accuracy in referencing and cita-
tions.

Originality and Innovation - Assessment of the project’s creativity and novelty. 15%
- Uniqueness of the research approach or findings.
- Contribution to advancing the field of electrical and
electronics engineering.

Practical Implementation - Evaluation of practical demonstration and/or simu- 15%

lation
- Successful application of the project in real-world
scenarios or through simulation techniques.
- Functional and operational aspects of the project.
- Evidence of successful implementation and testing.

TOTAL 100%
Chapter 2. Project Assessment Criteria 12

project’s status and limitations are honestly appraised, and future research areas are identified
innovatively. (45-50)
(ii) Very Good: The content and research are strong overall, with clear problem statement
and objectives, thorough literature review, appropriate methodology, clear presentation of
results, effective comparison with existing literature, honest appraisal of project’s status and
limitations, and identification of relevant future research areas. (40-44)
(iii) Good: The content and research are mostly sound, with a clear problem statement and objec-
tives, a solid literature review, an appropriate methodology, reasonably clear presentation of
results, a satisfactory comparison with existing literature, an acceptable appraisal of project’s
status and limitations, and identification of future research areas. (35-39)
(iv) Satisfactory: The content and research meet basic requirements, with an adequate problem
statement and objectives, a sufficient literature review, a generally appropriate methodology,
somewhat clear presentation of results, a limited comparison with existing literature, a
superficial appraisal of project’s status and limitations, and identification of some future
research areas. (25-34)
(v) Needs Improvement: The content and research are lacking in several aspects, with unclear
or irrelevant problem statement and objectives, a cursory literature review, an inadequate
methodology, unclear presentation of results, minimal comparison with existing literature, a
deficient appraisal of project’s status and limitations, and limited or irrelevant identification
of future research areas. (0-24)

Overall Assessment of Writing and Presentation

(i) Outstanding: The writing and presentation are exemplary, demonstrating exceptional clarity,
coherence, professionalism, and attention to detail throughout the report. The document
is flawlessly written with impeccable grammar, spelling, and punctuation, professional
formatting, and visually appealing elements. Figures, tables, and equations are properly
labeled and presented, and referencing and citations are consistently accurate. (18-20)
(ii) Very Good: The writing and presentation are strong overall, with clear and coherent writing,
minimal errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, good formatting, and visual appeal.
Figures, tables, and equations are appropriately presented, and referencing and citations are
mostly accurate. (16-17)
(iii) Good: The writing and presentation are mostly satisfactory, with generally clear writing,
occasional errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, acceptable formatting, and visual
appeal. Figures, tables, and equations are adequately presented, and referencing and citations
are generally accurate. (12-15)
(iv) Satisfactory: The writing and presentation meet basic requirements, with adequate clarity
and coherence, frequent errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, inconsistent formatting,
and visual appeal. Figures, tables, and equations are sometimes unclearly presented, and
Chapter 2. Project Assessment Criteria 13

referencing and citations may contain some inaccuracies. (8-11)

(v) Needs Improvement: The writing and presentation are deficient in several aspects, with
unclear or incoherent writing, pervasive errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, poor
formatting, and visual appeal. Figures, tables, and equations are often incorrectly labeled or
presented, and referencing and citations are frequently inaccurate. (0-7)

Overall Assessment of Originality and Innovation

(i) Outstanding: The project demonstrates exceptional creativity, novelty, and innovation,
significantly advancing the field of electrical and electronics engineering. The research
approach or findings are highly unique and contribute substantially to the field, showcasing a
groundbreaking contribution. (13-15)
(ii) Very Good: The project shows strong originality and innovation, with creative and novel
elements that contribute meaningfully to the field of electrical and electronics engineering.
The research approach or findings demonstrate uniqueness and make a notable contribution
to the field. (10-12)
(iii) Good: The project exhibits satisfactory originality and innovation, with some creative and
novel aspects that contribute moderately to the field of electrical and electronics engineering.
The research approach or findings show reasonable uniqueness and contribute somewhat to
the field. (7-9)
(iv) Satisfactory: The project demonstrates basic originality and innovation, with limited cre-
ative or novel elements that contribute marginally to the field of electrical and electronics
engineering. The research approach or findings have some uniqueness but make only a minor
contribution to the field. (4-6)
(v) Needs Improvement: The project lacks significant originality and innovation, with little
to no creative or novel elements that contribute meaningfully to the field of electrical and
electronics engineering. The research approach or findings are not unique and make minimal
contribution to the field. (0-3)

Note: If the similarity index is above 25% but less than 30%, the maximum score for this
component should be capped at 7/15 and if the Similarity index is above 30%, the overall
score in the 4 components, should be capped at 35%.

Overall Assessment of Practical Implementation

(i) Outstanding: The practical implementation demonstrates exceptional effectiveness and

functionality, successfully applying the project in real-world scenarios or through simulation
techniques. The project’s demonstration or simulation is highly effective, showcasing
functional and operational aspects with evidence of successful implementation and testing.
(13-15)
Chapter 2. Project Assessment Criteria 14

(ii) Very Good: The practical implementation shows strong effectiveness and functionality, suc-
cessfully applying the project in real-world scenarios or through simulation techniques. The
project’s demonstration or simulation is effective, demonstrating functional and operational
aspects with evidence of successful implementation and testing. (10-12)
(iii) Good: The practical implementation exhibits satisfactory effectiveness and functionality,
applying the project reasonably well in real-world scenarios or through simulation techniques.
The project’s demonstration or simulation demonstrates functional and operational aspects
with some evidence of successful implementation and testing. (7-9)
(iv) Satisfactory: The practical implementation demonstrates basic effectiveness and func-
tionality, applying the project adequately in real-world scenarios or through simulation
techniques. The project’s demonstration or simulation shows limited evidence of functional
and operational aspects with some implementation and testing. (4-6)
(v) Needs Improvement: The practical implementation lacks significant effectiveness and
functionality, struggling to apply the project effectively in real-world scenarios or through
simulation techniques. The project’s demonstration or simulation lacks evidence of functional
and operational aspects, with minimal implementation and testing. (0-3)

2.3 Plagiarism Detection and Turnitin Software

Kyambogo University emphasizes the importance of academic integrity and originality in research,
relying on Turnitin, an internet-based similarity detection software. To safeguard the quality of
submitted projects, students are advised to use Turnitin for self-checks before their final submissions.
This proactive approach helps students identify and address any inadvertent instances of plagiarism
or improper citations. Reports with a similarity index exceeding 25% will not be accepted,
motivating students to thoroughly review their work and maintain high standards of authenticity.

To support students in navigating Turnitin effectively, the university’s Library Services Department
offers guidance on using the software and understanding the similarity reports it generates. These
reports provide valuable insights into potential areas of concern, allowing students to enhance
the originality of their work. Ensuring compliance with the university’s requirement, students
must submit a similarity report alongside their final project report. Embracing this practice fosters
academic honesty, reinforces responsible scholarship, and demonstrates students’ dedication to
producing genuine and innovative contributions in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
at Kyambogo University. By actively engaging in plagiarism detection and promoting ethical
research practices, students uphold the university’s commitment to fostering a culture of academic
excellence and integrity. In Section 2.3.1, a procedure for using Turnitin to generate similarity
index reports specifically for your project reports is given.
Chapter 2. Project Assessment Criteria 15

2.3.1 Procedure for Using Turnitin Software to Generate the Similarity

Index Report
Follow the following procedure to generate the similarity index report using Turnitin Software.

1. Go to https://www.turnitin.com/
2. Click on "Create Account."
3. Select "Student."
4. Fill in the required form with the following information:

• Class ID: 39762315

• Class enrollment key: projects

• Enter your user information accurately and click on "I agree - Create Profile."
5. Once logged in, navigate to "DEEE/DBME Individual/Group Projects."
6. Submit your report under "Final Project Reports."
7. Consider the following details when submitting your report:

• Assignment title: Final Project Reports

• Submit: Single File Upload

• Enter the submission title and ensure your details are correct.
8. Select the file and click on "Upload."
9. Click "Confirm."
10. Click on the "Similarity Percentage" and download the similarity report.

Important Notes:

1. The similarity report should be attached as part of the appendix to your project report.
2. You can edit your report based on the similarity index and resubmit to generate another report
as many times as needed.
3. Ensure that your similarity index is less than 25%.

By following these steps, you’ll be able to utilize Turnitin to generate the similarity index report for
your project, which will help you ensure the originality and authenticity of your work. Remember
to check and edit your report accordingly to meet the required similarity threshold.
 16

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Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC ’04. Vol. 1. 2004, 346–352 Vol.1. DOI: 10.1109/
APEC.2004.1295833.
[4] Caroline Coffin, Mary Jane Curry, Sharon Goodman, Ann Hewings, Theresa Lillis, and Joan Swann.
Teaching academic writing: A toolkit for higher education. Routledge, 2005.
[5] Mathukutty M Monippally and Badrinarayan Shankar Pawar. Academic writing: A guide for manage-
ment students and researchers. SAGE Publications India, 2008.