Project Group ID: 2025/ BRANCH/ SECTION/ GID

TITLE OF RESEARCH PROJECT

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted By
Your Name Here-1
(Your Student ID-1 Here)
Your Name Here-2
Your Student ID-2 Here
Your Name Here-3
Your Student ID-3 Here
Your Name Here-4
Your Student ID-4 Here
Under the Guidance of
Dr. / Mr. / Mrs First Name Second Name

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Your Branch

to

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
GHAZIABAD
DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW

April 19, 2025

Declaration

We hereby declare that the work presented in this report entitled “NAME
OF PROJECT / RESEARCH”, was carried out by us. We have not sub-
mitted the matter embodied in this report for the award of any other degree
or diploma of any other University or Institute. I have given due credit to
the original authors / sources for all the words, ideas, diagrams, graphics,
computer programs, experiments, results, that are not my original contri-
bution. I have used quotation marks to identify verbatim sentences and
given credit to the original authors / sources.

I affirm that no portion of my work is plagiarized, and the experiments

and results reported in the report are not manipulated. In the event of
a complaint of plagiarism and the manipulation of the experiments and
results, I shall be fully responsible and answerable.

Name : Student-1
Roll No. : 20002710001

Name : Student-2
Roll No. : 20002710002

Name : Student-3
Roll No. : 20002710003

Name : Student-4
Roll No. : 20002710004

i
Certificate

This is to certify that the report entitled TITLE OF THE PROJECT

submitted by NAME1 (TLY15XXXXX), NAME2 (TLY15XXXXX),
NAME3 (TLY15XXXXX) and NAME4 (TLY15XXXXX) to the
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology
in ( stream & branch) is a bonafide record of the project work carried out
by him/her under my/our guidance and supervision. This report in any
form has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for any
purpose.

Project Guide Name 1 Dr. Anu Chaudhary

Assistant Professor Professor & HOD
Dept. of CSE Dept. of CSE
AKG Engineering College AKG Engineering College

Place: Ghaziabad
Date:

ii
Acknowledgements

The journey of this research project, from its initial conception to its final
culmination, has been enriched and supported by the invaluable contribu-
tions of numerous individuals and institutions. It is with sincere gratitude
that I take this opportunity to acknowledge them all.
First and foremost, I extend my deepest thanks to my supervisor,
Dr./Mr./Mrs. [Supervisor’s Full Name], for their unwavering guidance,
insightful feedback, and continuous encouragement throughout this en-
deavor. Their expertise, patience, and dedication have been instrumental
in shaping this research and fostering my academic growth. I am truly
grateful for their mentorship.
I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to the faculty and
staff of the [Department Name], [University/Institution Name], for provid-
ing a stimulating and supportive academic environment. Their lectures,
resources, and willingness to assist have been invaluable. Special thanks to
[Mention specific faculty members or staff who provided significant help,
e.g., ”Dr. [Name] for their insightful discussions on [topic],” or ”the library
staff for their assistance in accessing crucial resources”].
This research would not have been possible without the [Mention spe-
cific resources, funding, or technical support, e.g., ”generous funding pro-
vided by [Funding Agency],” or ”access to the [Specific Equipment/Software]
provided by [Department/Institution]”]. Their support has been crucial
to the successful completion of this project.
I am also deeply indebted to [Mention individuals who provided specific
assistance, e.g., ”my colleagues, [Names], for their stimulating discussions,
constructive criticism, and unwavering moral support,” or ”the partici-
pants in this study for their time and willingness to contribute their valu-
able insights”]. Their contributions have significantly enriched the quality
of this research.
On a personal note, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my
family and friends for their unwavering love, support, and understanding
throughout this demanding process. Their encouragement and belief in

iii
me have been a constant source of strength.
Finally, to anyone else who may have contributed to this project in ways
not explicitly mentioned, please accept my sincere thanks. Your support,
in whatever form it took, has been deeply appreciated.
The completion of this research is a testament to the collective effort
and support of many, and I am profoundly grateful to each and every one
of them.

iv
Abstract

Should be a highly condensed version of the full report, enabling readers

to quickly grasp the project’s essence. It needs to cover the problem ad-
dressed, the approach or methodology employed, the key results obtained,
and the main conclusions drawn. Guidelines often specify a word limit
(e.g., 200-350 words) and formatting (single or double spaced). It must
be self-contained, without references to figures, tables, or specific sections
within the report.

v
Contents

Declaration i

Declaration i

Certificate ii

Acknowledgements iii

Abstract v

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Research Questions and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.6 Organization of the Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.7 Conclusion of the Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Literature Review 6
2.1 Introduction to the Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Key Concepts and Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.1 Subsection for Concept/Theory 1: [Name of Concept/Theory] 7
2.2.2 Subsection for Concept/Theory 2: [Name of Concept/Theory] 7
2.3 Review of Prior Empirical Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.1 Studies on [Specific Sub-topic 1] . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.2 Studies on [Specific Sub-topic 2] . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Identifying Gaps in the Literature and Motivation for Current
Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.5 Conclusion of the Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Methodology-1 9
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

vi
 3.3 Participants .......................................................................................... 10
3.4 Materials and Instruments................................................................. 10
3.5 Procedure ............................................................................................ 11
3.6 Data Analysis ..................................................................................... 12
3.7 Diagram of the Methodology ............................................................ 12
3.8 Ethical Considerations........................................................................ 12

4 Methodology-2 14
4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 14
4.2 Research Design ................................................................................. 14
4.2.1 Overview ................................................................................... 14
4.2.2 Quantitative Phase: [Specific Quantitative Design] ............ 14
4.2.3 Qualitative Phase: [Specific Qualitative Design] ................. 15
4.3 Participants .......................................................................................... 15
4.3.1 Sampling Strategy .................................................................... 15
4.3.2 Sample Size .............................................................................. 15
4.3.3 Participant Characteristics .................................................... 15
4.4 Materials and Instruments................................................................. 16
4.4.1 Quantitative Instruments ........................................................ 16
4.4.2 Qualitative Instruments ........................................................... 16
4.5 Procedure ............................................................................................ 16
4.5.1 Quantitative Data Collection ................................................. 16
4.5.2 Qualitative Data Collection .................................................... 17
4.5.3 Pilot Study ............................................................................... 17
4.6 Data Analysis ..................................................................................... 17
4.6.1 Quantitative Data Analysis .................................................... 17
4.6.2 Qualitative Data Analysis ...................................................... 17
4.7 Diagram of the Methodology ............................................................ 18
4.8 Ethical Considerations........................................................................ 19

5 Results and Discussion 20

5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 20
5.2 Quantitative Results ......................................................................... 20
5.2.1 Descriptive Statistics ............................................................... 20
5.2.2 Results of [Statistical Test 1]................................................. 20
5.2.3 Results of [Statistical Test 2]................................................. 21
5.2.4 Summary of Quantitative Findings ....................................... 21
5.3 Qualitative Results ............................................................................ 21
5.3.1 Overview of Qualitative Findings .......................................... 21

vii
 5.3.2 Theme 1: [Theme Name] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.3.3 Theme 2: [Theme Name] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.3.4 Theme 3: [Theme Name] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.3.5 Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Results . . 22
5.4 Summary of Results........................................................................... 23

6 Conclusion and Future Scope 24

6.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 24
6.2 Implications of the Study .................................................................. 24
6.2.1 Theoretical Implications ......................................................... 24
6.2.2 Practical Implications............................................................. 25
6.3 Limitations of the Study ................................................................... 25
6.4 Future Scope and Recommendations .............................................. 26
6.5 Concluding Remarks.......................................................................... 26

References 28

A UN-SDG 29

B Appendix Title A 30

C Appendix Title B 31

D Appendix CV-Rohan 32

viii
List of Tables

1.1 Comparison of Existing Approaches to [Related Problem] . . 4

3.1 Demographic Characteristics of Participants .................................. 10

4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Participants .................................. 16

5.1 Descriptive Statistics for Key Variables ......................................... 20

5.2 Correlation Matrix ............................................................................. 21

ix
List of Figures

1.1 Trend of [Key Variable] from [Start Year] to [End Year] . . . 3

3.1 Flowchart of the Research Methodology .......................................... 13

4.1 Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Design ............................. 18

x
Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Start by providing a broad overview of the research area. Introduce the
general context and gradually narrow down to the specific problem you are
addressing. Explain why this area is important and relevant.
Elements to include here:
• A general introduction to the broader field of study.

• Relevant historical context or evolution of the research area.

• Current trends, challenges, or opportunities within the field.

• Gradual narrowing of focus towards the specific topic of your research.

• Explanation of the significance and relevance of this broader area.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Clearly and concisely define the specific problem or issue that your research
aims to address. What is the gap in knowledge, the unanswered question,
or the existing challenge that motivates your study? Be precise and focused.
Key aspects to include:
• A clear and direct statement of the research problem.

• Evidence or reasons why this problem is significant and needs to be

investigated (potentially referencing the background).

• The scope and boundaries of the problem you are addressing.

• What makes this problem worthy of research.

1
1.3 Research Questions and Objectives
State the specific questions your research seeks to answer. These questions
should be clear, focused, and researchable. Following the research ques-
tions, list the specific objectives of your study – what you aim to achieve
through your research.
For Research Questions:
• Formulate clear and concise questions that your research will investi-
gate.
• Ensure the questions are directly related to the problem statement.

• Typically phrased using ”What,” ”How,” ”Why,” or ”To what ex-

tent.”
• Number or bullet point each research question.

For Research Objectives:

• State the specific goals you intend to accomplish through your re-
search.

• Use action verbs (e.g., to identify, to analyze, to evaluate, to develop,

to explore).

• Ensure the objectives are measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-

bound (though the last point is less critical for the introduction).
• Number or bullet point each research objective.

• The objectives should directly address the research questions.

1.4 Significance of the Study

Explain the potential contributions and impact of your research. Who will
benefit from your findings? How will your study advance knowledge, in-
form practice, or contribute to solving the identified problem? Highlight
the practical and/or theoretical implications of your work.
Figure 1.1 illustrates the increasing trend of [Key Variable] over the past
decade, highlighting the growing importance of addressing [Your Research
Problem].
Points to address:

2
 Figure 1.1: Trend of [Key Variable] from [Start Year] to [End Year]
Source: [Full Citation or Brief Description of Data Source]

• Who are the potential beneficiaries of your research findings (e.g.,

specific communities, organizations, policymakers, the academic com-
munity)?

• What practical implications might your research have?

• What theoretical contributions might your research make to the field?

• How might your findings inform future research or practice?

• Emphasize the value and importance of conducting this study.

1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study

Define the boundaries of your research. What specific aspects will you fo -
cus on, and what will you exclude? Acknowledge any potential limitations
of your study (e.g., methodological constraints, sample size, geographical
focus). Being upfront about limitations demonstrates a realistic under-
standing of your research.

3
 Table 1.1: Comparison of Existing Approaches to [Related Problem]
Approach Key Feature 1 Key Feature 2 Limitation
Approach A [Description] [Description] [Description]
Approach B [Description] [Description] [Description] Sources:
Approach C [Description] [Description] [Description]
Proposed Approach [Brief Hint] [Brief Hint] [Brief Hint]
[Relevant Citations]

Table 1.1 provides a comparative overview of existing approaches to [Re-

lated Problem], highlighting their limitations and hinting at the potential
advantages of the proposed research.
Include the following:
• Clearly define the scope of your research (e.g., specific population,
context, variables, timeframe).
• Explicitly state what aspects or areas are *not* covered by your re-
search.
• Acknowledge any potential limitations that might affect the general-
izability or interpretation of your findings.
• Briefly explain why these limitations exist.

1.6 Organization of the Report

Provide a brief overview of the structure of your report. Outline the main
chapters and what each chapter will cover. This helps the reader under-
stand the roadmap of your document.
A typical outline includes:
• A brief sentence or two describing the content of each subsequent
chapter (e.g., ”Chapter 2 will present a review of the relevant litera-
ture...”).
• List the main chapters in the order they appear.
• This section provides a roadmap for the reader.

1.7 Conclusion of the Introduction

Briefly summarize the key elements of your introduction. Reiterate the
research problem, questions/objectives, and the significance of your study.
Provide a smooth transition to the next chapter (the Literature Review).

4
Concluding remarks should:

• Briefly restate the core problem and your research aims.

• Re-emphasize the importance of your study.

• Provide a clear link to the next chapter (e.g., ”The following chapter
will delve into the existing body of knowledge...”).

5
Chapter 2

Literature Review

dggd

2.1 Introduction to the Literature Review

Start by briefly stating the purpose and scope of this chapter. What broad
area are you reviewing? What are the key themes or concepts you will
cover? Briefly mention the importance of this review for your research.
Example phrases to include here:
• This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing
literature pertaining to [broad research area].
• The purpose of this literature review is to establish the theoretical
foundation for this study by examining key concepts and prior re-
search on [specific topic].

• This review will explore seminal works and recent advancements in

[field of study] to contextualize the current research and identify gaps
in knowledge.

2.2 Key Concepts and Theoretical Framework

Discuss the fundamental concepts and theories that are central to your
research. Dedicate subsections to explain each key concept, its definitions,
historical development, and relevance to your work. Introduce the main
theoretical framework(s) guiding your study.
Elements to include in this section/subsections:
• Definition(s) of each key concept, citing the original or influential
sources.

6
 • Historical context and evolution of these concepts.
• Different perspectives or debates surrounding these concepts.
• Explanation of the theoretical framework(s) you are using, including
the proponent(s) and core tenets.
• How these concepts and theories directly relate to your research ques-
tions or objectives.

2.2.1 Subsection for Concept/Theory 1: [Name of Concept/Theory]

Provide a detailed explanation of the first key concept or theory.

2.2.2 Subsection for Concept/Theory 2: [Name of Concept/Theory]

Provide a detailed explanation of the second key concept or theory.

2.3 Review of Prior Empirical Studies

Discuss previous research that has investigated topics related to your study.
Group studies logically (e.g., by research question, methodology, findings).
Summarize the key findings of these studies and critically evaluate their
strengths and limitations. Highlight any inconsistencies or gaps in the
existing empirical evidence.
Aspects to include when discussing each study:
• The research question(s) addressed by the study.
• The methodology used (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, experimental,
survey).
• The key findings and conclusions of the study.
• Your critical evaluation of the study’s strengths and weaknesses, in-
cluding methodological limitations or potential biases.
• How the findings of this study relate to your research focus.

2.3.1 Studies on [Specific Sub-topic 1]

Review studies focusing on a particular aspect of your research area.

2.3.2 Studies on [Specific Sub-topic 2]

Review studies focusing on another relevant aspect.

7
2.4 Identifying Gaps in the Literature and Motiva-
tion for Current Study
Based on your review, explicitly identify the gaps in the existing literature
that your research aims to address. Explain how your study will contribute
to the current body of knowledge and why it is significant to investigate
your research questions.
Points to cover in this section:
• Clearly state the specific gaps or limitations you have identified in the
literature.
• Explain how your research questions or objectives directly address
these gaps.
• Articulate the potential contributions of your study to the field (e.g.,
new insights, methodologies, or applications).

• Emphasize the significance and novelty of your research.

2.5 Conclusion of the Literature Review

Summarize the main points of your literature review. Briefly reiterate the
key concepts, the state of prior research, and the identified gaps. Con-
clude by restating how your research fits into and builds upon the existing
literature, providing a clear justification for your study.
Include in your concluding remarks:
• A concise summary of the key themes and findings from the reviewed
literature.
• A restatement of the identified gaps that your research will address.

• A final statement reinforcing the significance and purpose of your

study in light of the existing literature.

• A smooth transition to the next chapter (e.g., methodology).

8
Chapter 3

Methodology-1

3.1 Introduction
This chapter outlines the methodology employed in this research to ad-
dress the research questions and achieve the stated objectives. It details
the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis procedures.
This methodology has been chosen to provide a rigorous and systematic
approach to [ Briefly state the overall goal of the methodology, e.g., ”inves-
tigating the relationship between X and Y” or ”evaluating the effectiveness
of intervention Z”].

3.2 Research Design

[Describe the overall research design. Common designs include:]
• Quantitative: (e.g., Experimental, Quasi-experimental, Correlational,
Survey)
• Qualitative: (e.g., Case Study, Ethnography, Grounded Theory,
Phenomenology)

• Mixed Methods: (Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches)

For example:
This research employs a [Name of Research Design, e.g., quasi-experimental]
design. This design was selected because it allows for the examination of
[Explain what the design allows you to do, e.g., ”the effect of [Independent
Variable] on [Dependent Variable]”] in a [Describe the context, e.g., ”nat-
ural setting”] where full experimental control is not feasible. Specifically,
[Explain the specific design, e.g., ”a pre-test/post-test design with a control
group”] will be used.

9
3.3 Participants
[Describe the participants or subjects of your research. Include details
such as:]
• Population of interest

• Sample size

• Sampling method (e.g., random sampling, convenience sampling)

• Inclusion and exclusion criteria

• Demographic characteristics (if relevant)

For example: The participants in this study will be [Describe the popu-
lation, e.g., ”undergraduate students majoring in Computer Science”] at
[Name of Institution]. A sample of [Sample Size] participants will be re-
cruited using [Sampling Method, e.g., convenience sampling”]. Partici-
pants will be included if they [Inclusion Criteria, e.g., ”have completed at
least one course in programming”] and excluded if they [Exclusion Crite-
ria, e.g., ”have prior experience with the experimental intervention”]. The
demographic characteristics of the sample are summarized in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Demographic Characteristics of Participants

Characteristic
Age (Mean ± SD)
Gender (Male/Female)
Year of Study (e.g., Freshman, Sophomore)
Major

3.4 Materials and Instruments

[Describe all materials, instruments, or tools used to collect data. This
might include:]

• Surveys or questionnaires (provide details of validity and reliability if

known)
• Interview protocols

• Experimental stimuli or interventions

• Equipment or software used

10
 • Any scales or measures used
For example: The following materials and instruments will be used in this
study:
• Questionnaire of Motivation: A [Description, e.g., 10-item Lik-
ert scale questionnaire”] will be used to measure [What it measures].
The questionnaire has demonstrated good [Validity, e.g., construct va-
lidity”] and [Reliability, e.g., internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha
= 0.85)”] in previous research citation.
• Experimental Intervention: Participants in the experimental group
will receive [Detailed description of the intervention, e.g., ”a 6-week
online training program on [Topic]”]. The control group will receive
[Description of control condition, e.g., ”access to standard course ma-
terials”].

3.5 Procedure
[Describe the step-by-step procedure for data collection. Provide enough
detail so that another researcher could replicate your study. Include:]

• Recruitment process

• Informed consent procedures

• Data collection steps

• Timeline of the study

• Any interventions or manipulations

• How data was recorded

For example:
The following procedure will be followed:
1. Participants will be recruited through [Describe recruitment process,
e.g., ”email invitations sent to students enrolled in [Course]”].

2. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to their

participation in the study.
3. Participants will complete the [Name of Instrument, e.g., pre-test
questionnaire”].

11
 4. The experimental group will then participate in the [Description of In-
tervention, e.g., ”6-week online training program”], while the control
group will [Describe control activity, e.g., ”continue with regular class
activities”].
5. Upon completion of the intervention, all participants will complete the
[Name of Instrument, e.g., post-test questionnaire”].
6. Data will be recorded and stored securely in [Describe data storage,
e.g., ”an encrypted database”].

3.6 Data Analysis

[Describe how the collected data will be analyzed. Specify the statistical
methods or qualitative analysis techniques you will use. Include:]
• Descriptive statistics
• Inferential statistics (if applicable)
• Qualitative data analysis methods (if applicable)
• Software used for analysis
For example:
Quantitative data will be analyzed using [Name of Statistical Software,
e.g., SPSS]. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations) will be cal-
culated for all variables. To examine the effect of [Independent Variable]
on [Dependent Variable], [Name of Statistical Test, e.g., an independent
samples t-test”] will be conducted. The significance level will be set at p ¡
0.05.

3.7 Diagram of the Methodology

Figure 3.1 presents a visual overview of the research process.

3.8 Ethical Considerations

[Describe the ethical considerations related to your research. This might
include:]
• Informed consent
• Confidentiality and anonymity

12
 methodology_flowchart.png

Figure 3.1: Flowchart of the Research Methodology

• Protection of participants from harm

• Data storage and security

• Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval

For example:
This research will be conducted in accordance with ethical principles.
Informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to their par-
ticipation. Participants will be informed of their right to withdraw from
the study at any time without penalty. All data will be kept confidential
and stored securely in [Describe storage]. The study protocol has been re-
viewed and approved by the [Name of IRB or Ethics Committee] at [Name
of Institution], approval number [Number].

13
Chapter 4

Methodology-2

4.1 Introduction
This chapter provides a detailed account of the research methodology em-
ployed in this study. It outlines the research design, participant selection,
data collection instruments, procedures, and data analysis techniques used
to address the research questions and achieve the study’s objectives. This
methodology is designed to ensure the rigor, validity, and reliability of the
findings, and to provide a clear and transparent framework for the research
process. This chapter also includes a pilot study section and discusses the
measures taken to ensure trustworthiness and ethical considerations.

4.2 Research Design

4.2.1 Overview
This study employs a [Name of Research Design, e.g., Mixed Methods,
Sequential Explanatory] research design. A [Explain the first phase, e.g.,
quantitative survey] was conducted first, followed by a [Explain the second
phase, e.g., qualitative interview] phase. This design was chosen because
[Explain rationale, e.g., ”the quantitative phase allowed for broad data
collection and identification of trends, while the qualitative phase provided
in-depth understanding of the participants’ experiences related to those
trends”].

4.2.2 Quantitative Phase: [Specific Quantitative Design]

The quantitative phase of this research utilized a [Name of Specific Quan-
titative Design, e.g., cross-sectional survey] design. This involved [De-
scribe what it involved, e.g., ”administering a standardized questionnaire
to a sample of participants at a single point in time”]. This approach

14
was appropriate for [Explain why it was appropriate, e.g., ”assessing the
prevalence of [Variable] and examining its relationship with [Variable]”].

4.2.3 Qualitative Phase: [Specific Qualitative Design]

The qualitative phase of this research employed a [Name of Specific Qual -
itative Design, e.g., semi-structured interview] design. This involved [De-
scribe what it involved, e.g., ”conducting one-on-one interviews with a
subset of participants from the quantitative phase”]. This approach was
chosen to [Explain why it was chosen, e.g., ”gain a deeper understanding of
the participants’ perspectives and experiences regarding the findings from
the survey phase”].

4.3 Participants
4.3.1 Sampling Strategy
A [Sampling Method, e.g., stratified random sampling] technique was used
to recruit participants for the quantitative phase. Strata were based on
[Define strata, e.g., ”age and gender”] to ensure a representative sam-
ple. For the qualitative phase, participants were selected using [Sampling
Method, e.g., purposive sampling”]. Specifically, [Explain the criteria for
selection, e.g., ”participants who reported extreme scores on the [Specific
Variable] in the quantitative phase were selected to provide contrasting
perspectives”].

4.3.2 Sample Size

The target sample size for the quantitative phase was [Sample Size]. This
was determined using a power analysis to ensure sufficient statistical power
to detect a [Effect Size] effect at an alpha level of 0.05. A total of [Actual
Number] participants completed the survey. For the qualitative phase,
[Sample Size] participants were interviewed. This number was determined
by [Explain rationale, e.g., ”reaching data saturation, where no new themes
emerged from the interviews”].

4.3.3 Participant Characteristics

Table 4.1 presents the demographic characteristics of the participants in
both the quantitative and qualitative phases of the study.

15
 Table 4.1: Demographic Characteristics of Participants
Characteristic Quantitative Phase (N=[Number]) Qualitative Phase (n=[Number])
Age (Mean ± SD)
Gender (Male/Female)
Ethnicity
Education Level

4.4 Materials and Instruments

4.4.1 Quantitative Instruments
The following instruments were used in the quantitative phase:
• [Name of Instrument 1]: This [Type of Instrument, e.g., survey]
instrument was used to measure [What it measures]. It consists of
[Number] items and uses a [Scale Type, e.g., 5-point Likert scale”].
The instrument has demonstrated acceptable [Validity, e.g., construct
validity”] (CFI = [Value], TLI = [Value], RMSEA = [Value]) and
[Reliability, e.g., internal consistency”] (Cronbach’s alpha = [Value])
in previous studies citation.
• [Name of Instrument 2]: This [Type of Instrument] was used to
measure [What it measures]. [Provide details as above].

4.4.2 Qualitative Instruments

A [Type of Instrument, e.g., semi-structured interview protocol] was de-
veloped for the qualitative phase. The protocol included open-ended ques-
tions designed to explore participants’ [Area of Exploration, e.g., ”experi-
ences, perceptions, and beliefs related to [Topic]”]. The interview protocol
was pilot-tested and revised based on feedback from [Number] experts in
[Field]. See Appendix A for the full interview protocol.

4.5 Procedure
4.5.1 Quantitative Data Collection
The quantitative data were collected using [Method of Administration,
e.g., an online survey platform”]. Participants were recruited through [Re-
cruitment Method, e.g., email invitations and flyers”]. Upon accessing the
survey, participants were provided with an informed consent form. After
providing consent, they completed the [Name of Instrument 1] and [Name
of Instrument 2]. Data collection took place over a period of [Duration].

16
 4.5.2 Qualitative Data Collection
Participants for the qualitative phase were recruited from the partici-
pants in the quantitative phase who [Selection Criteria, e.g., ”indicated
a willingness to participate in follow-up interviews”]. Interviews were con-
ducted [Method of Interview, e.g., ”face-to-face”] and lasted approximately
[Duration]. Each interview was [How Recorded, e.g., ”audio-recorded”]
and transcribed verbatim. Participants were assured of [Confidential-
ity/Anonymity Measures, e.g., ”confidentiality, and their names were re-
placed with pseudonyms in the transcripts”].

4.5.3 Pilot Study

A pilot study was conducted with [Number] participants to test the feasi-
bility and clarity of the data collection procedures and instruments. [De-
scribe what was tested and what changes were made, e.g., ”The pilot study
revealed that some survey questions were unclear, and they were revised
for clarity. The interview protocol was also refined to ensure that the
questions elicited the desired information”].

4.6 Data Analysis

4.6.1 Quantitative Data Analysis
Quantitative data were analyzed using [Name of Statistical Software, e.g.,
SPSS version 27”]. The following statistical analyses were performed:
• Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies) were
calculated for all variables.
ion coefficients” were calculated to examine the relationships between [Variables].
ession analysis” was conducted to determine the predictors of [Dependent Variable].

4.6.2 Qualitative Data Analysis

Qualitative data were analyzed using [Name of Qualitative Analysis Method,
e.g., thematic analysis”] following the steps outlined by [Citation, e.g.,
Braun and Clarke (2006)”]. This involved:
1. Familiarizing oneself with the data through repeated reading of the
transcripts.
2. Generating initial codes.

17
 3. Searching for themes.
4. Reviewing themes.
5. Defining and naming themes.
6. Producing the report.
[Describe how rigor was ensured, e.g., ”To ensure the rigor of the quali -
tative analysis, [Triangulation Method, e.g., member checking”] was em-
ployed, and an audit trail was maintained”].

4.7 Diagram of the Methodology

mixed_methods_diagram.png

Figure 4.1: Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Design

Figure 4.1 illustrates the sequential explanatory mixed methods design

used in this study.

18
4.8 Ethical Considerations
This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles out-
lined in [Name of Ethical Guidelines, e.g., the Belmont Report”]. The
following ethical considerations were addressed:
• Informed Consent: Participants were provided with detailed in-
formation about the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits,
and they provided written informed consent prior to participation.

• Confidentiality and Anonymity: All data were kept confiden-

tial. In the quantitative phase, data was analyzed in aggregate. In
the qualitative phase, participants were assigned pseudonyms, and all
identifying information was removed from the transcripts.
•

19
Chapter 5

Results and Discussion

5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the findings of the research, based on the data
collected and analyzed as described in the previous chapter (Methodology-
2). The results are organized according to the research questions and
objectives outlined in Chapter 1. Both quantitative and qualitative
findings are presented, with the quantitative results presented first,
followed by the qualitative findings, to align with the sequential ex-
planatory mixed methods design employed in this study.

5.2 Quantitative Results

5.2.1 Descriptive Statistics

Table 5.1 presents the descriptive statistics for the key variables in
the quantitative phase of the study.

Table 5.1: Descriptive Statistics for Key Variables

Variable Mean Standard Deviation N [Variable 1]
[Variable 2]
[Variable 3]

5.2.2 Results of [Statistical Test 1]

[Report the results of the first statistical test. For example:]

The results of the [Name of Statistical Test, e.g., independent samples
t-test] indicated that there was a significant difference in [Dependent

20
 Variable] between [Group 1] and [Group 2], t([Degrees of Freedom])
= [t-value], p = [p-value], d = [Cohen’s d]. Specifically, [Describe
the direction of the difference, e.g., ”Group 1 had significantly higher
scores on [Dependent Variable] than Group 2”].

5.2.3 Results of [Statistical Test 2]

[Report the results of the second statistical test. For example:]

Table 5.2 shows the correlations between the key variables. [Summa-
rize the significant correlations, e.g., ”A significant positive correla-
tion was found between [Variable 1] and [Variable 2], r = [r-value], p
= [p-value]”].

Table 5.2: Correlation Matrix

Variable [Variable 1] [Variable 2] [Variable 3] [Variable 1]
1 [correlation value] [correlation value] [Variable 2] [correlation value]
1 [correlation value] [Variable 3] [correlation value] [correlation value]
1

5.2.4 Summary of Quantitative Findings

[Provide a brief summary of the main findings from the quantitative

analysis. This section should synthesize the key results and prepare
the reader for the qualitative findings.] For example: In summary,
the quantitative results revealed [Summarize key finding 1] and [Sum-
marize key finding 2]. These findings suggest [Brief interpretation].
The qualitative phase of the study further explored these findings in
more detail.

5.3 Qualitative Results

5.3.1 Overview of Qualitative Findings

[Provide a brief overview of the main themes or categories that emerged

from the qualitative data analysis.]
The qualitative data analysis revealed several key themes related to
[Topic]. These themes provide a rich and nuanced understanding of
[Participants’ experiences/perspectives]. The following themes will be
discussed in detail:

21
Theme 1 : [Theme Name]
Theme 2 : [Theme Name]
Theme 3 : [Theme Name]

5.3.2 Theme 1: [Theme Name]

[Present the first theme. This section should include:]

– A clear description of the theme.

– Supporting quotations from participants (use pseudonyms).
– Your interpretation of the theme and its significance.

The first theme, ”[Theme Name]”, captures [Describe the essence of

the theme]. Participants described this as follows:
”Quote from Participant 1” (P1).

”Quote from Participant 2” (P2).

These quotes illustrate that [Your interpretation of the quotes and the
theme].

5.3.3 Theme 2: [Theme Name]

[Present the second theme in a similar manner, with description, sup-

porting quotes, and interpretation.]

5.3.4 Theme 3: [Theme Name]

[Present the third theme.]

5.3.5 Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Results

[This is a crucial section in a mixed methods study. Explain how

the qualitative findings relate to and expand upon the quantitative
findings. Do the qualitative results confirm, contradict, or provide
more detail to the quantitative results?]
The qualitative findings provide further insight into the quantitative
results. For example, the quantitative finding that [Summarize quan-
titative finding] was elaborated upon in the qualitative data through

22
the theme of ”[Theme Name]”. Specifically, participants’ narratives
revealed that [Explain how the qualitative data expands on the quanti-
tative data]. This suggests that [Interpretation of the combined find-
ings].

5.4 Summary of Results

[Provide a concise summary of the main findings from both the quan-
titative and qualitative phases of the study. Reiterate the key findings
and highlight any important patterns or relationships. This section
should provide a clear and succinct answer to the research questions.]

23
Chapter 6

Conclusion and Future Scope

6.1 Conclusion

This chapter concludes the research report by summarizing the key

findings and discussing their implications in relation to the research
questions and objectives. The study investigated [Restate the main
purpose of the study, e.g., ”the impact of [Independent Variable] on
[Dependent Variable]”] using a [Research Design, e.g., mixed methods
approach”]. The findings indicate that [Summarize the main find-
ings, e.g., ” [Key Finding 1], and [Key Finding 2]”]. Specifically, the
quantitative results demonstrated [Summarize the main quantitative
findings, e.g., ”a significant positive relationship between [Variable A]
and [Variable B]”], while the qualitative data provided a richer un-
derstanding of [Summarize the main qualitative findings, e.g., ”par-
ticipants’ experiences of [Phenomenon]”].

6.2 Implications of the Study

[Discuss the implications of your findings. Consider both theoretical

and practical implications.]

6.2.1 Theoretical Implications

[Explain how your research contributes to the existing body of knowl-

edge. Does it support or contradict previous theories? Does it offer a
new perspective or framework?]
For example: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature on
[Research Area] by [Explain the theoretical contribution, e.g., ”pro-

24
viding empirical evidence for [Theory Name] in a new context” or
”challenging the assumptions of [Competing Theory]”]. The findings
also suggest that [Suggest a new theoretical direction or refinement,
e.g., ”the relationship between [Variable A] and [Variable B] may be
more complex than previously thought, and further research is needed
to explore the moderating factors”].

6.2.2 Practical Implications

[Explain how your findings can be applied in real-world settings.

What are the practical implications for practitioners, policymakers,
or other stakeholders?]
For example: Practically, the findings of this study have several impli-
cations for [Target Audience, e.g., educators, policymakers, healthcare
professionals”]. The results suggest that [Specific practical recommen-
dation, e.g., ”implementing [Intervention] may be effective in improv-
ing [Outcome]”]. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of
[Another practical recommendation, e.g., ”considering the [Specific
Factor] when developing [Program, Policy, or Practice]”].

6.3 Limitations of the Study

[Acknowledge any limitations of your research. This demonstrates a

balanced and critical perspective. Limitations might include:]
– Sample size or sampling method
– Data collection methods
– Specific design limitations
– Generalizability of the findings

For example: This study has several limitations that should be con-
sidered. The sample size of [Sample Size] may limit the generaliz-
ability of the quantitative findings. Additionally, the [Data Collection
Method, e.g., reliance on self-report data”] may have introduced [Po-
tential Bias, e.g., social desirability bias”]. Finally, the [Scope of the
Study, e.g., focus on a specific population”] limits the applicability of
the findings to other contexts.

25
6.4 Future Scope and Recommendations

[Suggest directions for future research. How could this study be ex-
tended or improved? What are the next steps for researchers in this
field?]
– Suggestions for future research could include:
– Replicating the study with a larger and more diverse sample to
enhance generalizability.
– Using longitudinal designs to examine the long-term effects of
[Independent Variable].
– Exploring the role of [Potential Moderating or Mediating Vari-
able] in the relationship between [Variable A] and [Variable B].
– Investigating the applicability of the findings in different contexts
or populations.
– Developing and testing interventions based on the study’s find-
ings.

For example: Future research should address these limitations. Specif-

ically, researchers could [Suggestion 1, e.g., ”replicate this study with
a larger, more diverse sample”] to increase the generalizability of the
findings. Longitudinal studies could examine [Suggestion 2, e.g., ”the
long-term impact of [Intervention] on [Outcome]”]. It would also be
valuable to explore [Suggestion 3, e.g., ”the potential moderating role
of [Moderating Variable] in the relationship between [Variable A] and
[Variable B]”]. Finally, future studies could [Suggestion 4, e.g., ”de-
velop and test interventions based on the findings of this research”] to
translate the findings into practical applications.

6.5 Concluding Remarks

[Provide a final statement that summarizes the significance of the

study and its overall contribution to the field.]
For example: In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into
[Main Contribution of the Study]. The findings contribute to a deeper
understanding of [Key Area] and have important implications for [Tar-
get Audience]. It is hoped that this research will serve as a foundation

26
for future investigations and contribute to the development of more
effective [Outcomes, e.g., interventions, policies, or practices”].

27
Bibliography

[1] Reference 1 details.

[2] Reference 2 details.

28
Appendix A

UN-SDG

Certificate of Compliance with United Nations

Sustainable Development Goals
This is to certify that the project titled Project Title submitted by final year students Stu-
dent Names of the Bachelor of Technology in Program Name program at Ajay Kumar Garg
Engineering College Ghaziabad has been reviewed and found to align with the following United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To the best of our knowledge, no other SDGs
are compromised or negatively impacted.

SDG SDG Name Relevance SDG SDG Name Relevance

No. No.
1 No Poverty □ 10 Reduced Inequali- □
2 Zero Hunger □ ties
3 Good Health and □ 11 Sustainable Cities □
Well-being and Communities
4 Quality Education □ 12 Responsible Con- □
5 Gender Equality □ sumption and
6 Clean Water and □ Production
Sanitation 13 Climate Action □
7 Affordable and □ 14 Life Below Water □
Clean Energy 15 Life on Land □
8 Decent Work and □ 16 Peace, Justice, and □
Economic Growth Strong Institutions
9 Industry, Innova- □ 17 Partnerships for the □
tion, and Infrastruc- Goals
ture

Signature of the Students Signature of the Supervisor

Name Student 1 Dr. Name Surname
Name Student 2
Name Student 3
Name Student 4

29
Appendix B

Appendix Title A

30
Appendix C

Appendix Title B

31
Appendix D

Appendix CV-Rohan

Rohan Sharma
123, Vidya Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201001
+91 9876543210
mailto:rohan.sharma@example.comrohan.sharma@example.com —
https://www.linkedin.com/in/rohan-sharma-akgecLinkedIn

Education Bachelor of TechnologyComputer Science and EngineeringAjay Kumar Garg Engineer-

ing CollegeGhaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, Expected July 2024
[leftmargin=*, nosep] GPA: 8.7/10 Relevant Coursework: Data Structures and Algo-
rithms, Operating Systems, Database Management Systems, Computer Networks, Machine
Learning, Artificial Intelligence

Research Experience Research InternAI and Machine Learning LabAjay Kumar Garg Engineering
CollegeJan 2023 - May 2023
[leftmargin=*, nosep] Developed a sentiment analysis model for social media data using
Python and NLTK. Conducted experiments to evaluate the performance of different
machine learning algorithms. Contributed to the writing of a research paper on the
findings.

Projects E-Commerce Web ApplicationDeveloped a full-stack e-commerce platformHTML, CSS,

JavaScript, PHP, MySQLAug 2022 - Dec 2022
[leftmargin=*, nosep] Designed and implemented user authentication and product catalog
features. Integrated a payment gateway for online transactions. Managed the
database and ensured data integrity.

Smart Attendance System using Face RecognitionDeveloped a real-time attendance systemPython,

OpenCV, Face Recognition Library, Raspberry PiFeb 2023 - Apr 2023
[leftmargin=*, nosep] Implemented face detection and recognition algorithms using OpenCV.
Integrated the system with a Raspberry Pi for real-time processing. Developed a user
interface for managing student data and attendance records.

Technical Skills Programming Languages: Python, Java, C, C++, JavaScript, PHP

Web Technologies: HTML, CSS, Bootstrap
Databases: MySQL, MongoDB
Tools & Technologies: Git, Linux, LaTeX, OpenCV, TensorFlow, NLTK, Raspberry Pi
Operating Systems: Windows, Linux
Awards and Honors 2023: Secured 1st position in the college-level Hackathon.
2022: Awarded Merit Scholarship for academic excellence.
2021: Received Certificate of Appreciation for contribution to the college tech fest.

32
Professional Experience Software Development InternTech Solutions India Pvt. Ltd.Noida, Uttar
PradeshJun 2023 - Aug 2023
[leftmargin=*, nosep] Assisted senior developers in designing and implementing new fea-
tures for a web application. Wrote and tested code in Java and Spring framework.
Participated in code reviews and contributed to improving code quality.

33