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SECTION III: SYLLABI FOR THE EXAMINATION

Note: Candidates are advised to go through the Syllabus published in this Section for the Preliminary
Examination and the Main Examination, as periodic revision of syllabus has been done in several subjects.

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks) Duration: Two hours

 Current events of national and international importance.

 History of India and Indian National Movement.
 Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
 Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights
Issues, etc.
 Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social
Sector Initiatives, etc.
 General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require
subject specialization.
 General Science.

Paper II-(200 marks) Duration : Two hours

 Comprehension;
 Interpersonal skills including communication skills;
 Logical reasoning and analytical ability;
 Decision making and problem solving;
 General mental ability;
 Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data
interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. — Class X level);
Note 1 : Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper with
minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%.
Note 2 : The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.

Note 3 : It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in both the Papers of Civil Services (Prelim)
Examination for the purpose of evaluation. Therefore a candidate will be disqualified in case he/she does
not appear in both the papers of Civil Services (Prelim) Examination.

Part B—Main Examination

The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding
of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory.

The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be such
that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will
be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a
career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant
issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands.
The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.

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The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is
broadly of the honours degree 1evel i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ degree and lower than the masters’
degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds to the bachelors’ degree.

Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as follows :—

QUALIFYING PAPERS ON INDIAN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH

The aim of the paper is to test the candidates' ability to read and understand serious discursive prose,
and to express ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language concerned.

The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :

(i) Comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

Indian Languages :—

(i) comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

(v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

Note 1 : The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and
will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.

Note 2 : The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papers in English and the
respective Indian language (except where translation is involved).

PAPER-I

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely
to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be
given for effective and exact expression.

PAPER-II

General Studies-I: Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society.

 Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to
modern times.

 Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
events, personalities, issues.

 The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different
parts of the country.

 Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

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 History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars,
redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism,
capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

 Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

 Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and
developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

 Effects of globalization on Indian society.

 Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

 Salient features of world’s physical geography.

 Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-
continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in
various parts of the world (including India).

 Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies
and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

PAPER-III

General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.

 Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions

and basic structure.

 Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the
federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.

 Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

 Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.

 Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges
and issues arising out of these.

 Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the
Polity.

 Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

 Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various

Constitutional Bodies.

 Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of
their design and implementation.

 Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and
associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.

 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the

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performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection
and betterment of these vulnerable sections.

 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health,

Education, Human Resources.

 Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

 Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models,

successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional
and other measures.

 Role of civil services in a democracy.

 India and its neighborhood- relations.

 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s
interests.

 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian
diaspora.

 Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

PAPER-IV

General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management

 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and
employment.

 Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

 Government Budgeting.

 Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of irrigation and
irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related
constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.

 Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution
System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security;
Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

 Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and
downstream requirements, supply chain management.

 Land reforms in India.

 Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial
growth.

 Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

 Investment models.

 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

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 Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new
technology.

 Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues
relating to intellectual property rights.

 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

 Disaster and disaster management.

 Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

 Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

 Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking
sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.

 Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism.

 Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

PAPER-V

General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

 This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by
him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects.
The following broad areas will be covered :

 Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions;
dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives
and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational
institutions in inculcating values.

 Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and
political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

 Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship,
objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.

 Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.

 Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

 Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns
and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources
of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in
governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.

 Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity;
Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of
Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds,
challenges of corruption.

 Case Studies on above issues.

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Section A

1. Santa Jnandil Das Udaya Lahari

2. Lekhnath Poudyal Tarun Tapasi(Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)
3. Agam Sing Giri Jaleko Pratibimba Royeko Pratidhwani (The following Poems only-
Prasawako Chichyahatsanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko
Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani Hunchha
Ujyalo, Tihar).
4. Haribhakta Katuwal Yo Zinadagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only-Jeevan : Ek
Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka Tara Ke Tara, Hamilai
Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Manyata Yahan Atmahutiko Balidan Ko).
5. Balkrishna Sama Prahlad.
6. Manbahadur Mukhia Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following One-Act only-Andhyaroma
Banchneharu' ‘Suskera’)
Section B
1. Indra Sundas Sahara.
2. Lilbahadur Chhetri Brahmaputra ko Chheuchhau
3. Rupnarayan Sinha Katha Navaratna (The following stories only—Biteka Kura, Jimmewari
Kasko, Dhanamatiko Cinema—Swapna, Vidhwasta Jeevan).
4. Indrabahadur Rai Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only—Raatbhari Huri Chalyo,
Jayamaya Aphumatra Lekhapani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh Babu,
Chhutuaiyo).
5. Sanu Lama Katha Sampaad (The following stories only—Swasni Manchhey,
Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhey).
6. Laxmi Prasad Laxmi Nibandha DevkotaSangraha (The following essays only—Sri
Ganeshaya Namha, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha Purus,
Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman ki Guru?)
7. Ramkrishna Sharma Das Gorkha (The following essays only—Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya,
Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali
Sahityako Pragati).

ODIA
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Odia)
Section A
History of Odia Language
(i) Origin and development of Odia Language—Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso— Arabic and
English on Odia Language.
(ii) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Odia sounds.
(iii) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional
affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb.
(iv) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their trans-formation, structure of sentences.
(v) Semantics—Different types of change in meaning. Euphemism.
(vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences.

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(vii) Regional variations in Odia Language (Western, Southern and Northern Odia) and Dialects (Bhatri
and Desia).
Section B
History of Odia Literature
(i) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and political) of Odia Literature of different periods.
(ii) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis.
(iii) Typical structural forms of Odia Literature (Koili, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu).
(iv) Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel essay and literary criticism.

PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Odia)
Critical Study of texts—
The paper will require first hand reading of the text and test the critical ability of the candidate.
Section A
Poetry
(Ancient)
1. Sãralã Dãs—Shanti Parva from Mahãbhãrata.
2. Jaganãth Dãs—Bhãgabata, XI Skadhã—Jadu Avadhuta Sambãda.
(Medieval)
3. Dinakrushna Dãs—Raskallola—(Chhãndas—16 & 34)
4. Upendra Bhanja—Lãvanyabati (Chhãndas—1 & 2).
(Modern)
5. Rãdhãnath Rãy—Chandrabhãgã.
6. Mãyãdhar Mänasinha—Jeevan—Chitã.
7. Sãtchidananda Routray—Kabitã—1962.
8. Ramãkãnta Ratha—Saptama Ritu.
Section B
Drama :
9. Manoranjan Dãs—Kätha-Ghoda.
10. Bijay Mishra—Tata Niranjanä.
Novel :
11. Fakir Mohan Senãpati—Chhamãna Ãthaguntha.
12. Gopinãth Mohãnty—Dãnãpani.
Short Story :

13. Surendra Mohãnty—Marãlara Mrityu.

14. Manoj Dãs—Laxmira Abhisãra.

Essay :

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15. Chittaranjan Dãs—Tranga O Tadit (First Five essays).

16. Chandra Sekhar Rath — Mun Satyadharmã Kahuchhi (First five essays).

PUNJABI

PAPER-I

Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script

Section A

(a) Origin of Punjabi Language; different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi
Language; characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones; classification of vowels and
consonants.

(b) Punjabi morphology; the number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and
different categories of Post positions; Punjabi word formation; Tatsam. Tad Bhav. forms; Sentence
structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi; Noun and verb phrases.

(c) Language and dialect : the notions of dialect and idiolect: major dialects of Punjabi : Pothohari, Majhi,
Doabi, Malwai, Paudhi; the validity of speech variation on the basis of social stratification, the distinctive
features of various dialects with special reference to tones Language and script; origin and development of
Gurumukhi; Suitability of Gurumukhi for Punjabi.

(d) Classical background : Nath Jogi Sahit.

Medieval Literature : Gurmat, Suti, Kissa and Var : janamsakhis.

Section B

(a) Modern trends Mystic, romantic, progressive and neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Mohan Singh,
Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J. S. Neki).

Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal).

Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh). Neo-progressive (Pash, Jagtar, Patar).

(b) Folk Literature Folk songs, Folk tales, Riddles, Proverbs.

Epic (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh Azad, Mohan Singh).

Lyric (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar,
Harbhajan Singh).

(c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S. Sekhon, Charan Das Sidhu).

Novel (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir, Gurdial
Singh, Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan).

Short Story (Sujan Singh, K. S. Virk, Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu).

(d) Socio-cultural Sanskrit, Persian and Western.

Literary influences;

Essay (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh).

Literary Criticism (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam Hussain Sayyad).

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simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of Linear Programming (LP) problem, simple LP model
and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase metbod and the M-technique with artificial
variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transpotation and
assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zerosum games, methods of solution (graphical and
algebraic).
Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, concept of scientific
inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic
and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type.
Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of states and ergodic
theorems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queuing theory,
M/MI, M/M/K, G/M/l and M/G/1 queues.
Solution of statistical problems on computers using wellknown statistical software packages like SPSS.
3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics:
Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationary series,
ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components, fore-casting.
Commonly used index numbers - Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, cham-base index
number, uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of wholesale prices, consumer price,
agricultural production and industrial production, test fot index numbers -proportionality, time-reversal,
factor-reversal and circular.
General linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares methods of estimation, problem
of multi-collinearity, consequences and solutions of multi-collinearity, autocorrelation and its
consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independence of disturbances
concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order
conditions of identifiability, two-stage least sauare method of estimation.
Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade
and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitations, principal publications
containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection and their main functions.
4. Demography and Psychometry :
Demographic data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations. and uses, definition,
construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate,
standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics
and census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve,
population projection, stable population, quasi-stable population, techniques in estimation of demographic
parameters, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics.
Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores, percentile scores,
intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity and reliability of test scores and its
determination, use of factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry.

ZOOLOGY

PAPER–I

1. Non-chordata and Chordata :

(a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate,

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Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and
Hemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life history of
Paramaecium, Monocystis. Plasmodium and Leishmania.

(c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.

(d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and their
formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.

(e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and
their-Pathogenic symptoms.

(f) Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation of Ascaris andWuchereria.

(g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history
of Nereis, earthworm and leach.

(h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (Prawn,
cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth, parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee
and butterfly), metapmor phosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, socialbehaviour ofApis and termites.

(i) Molluscs: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of Lamellidens, Pila
and Sepia. Torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

(j) Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features and life history of
Asterias.

(k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and
Herdmania.

(l) Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration.

(m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.

(n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.

(o) Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.

(p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg laying mammals, pouched-
mammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal,
pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates. (integument and its derivatives,
endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system,. respiratory system, circulatory system including heart
and aortic arches, urinogenital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

2. Ecology :

(a) Biosphere: concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced changes in atmosphere
including green house effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology.

(b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological
succession, ecological adaptation.

(c) Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.

(d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources.

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(e) Wildlife of India.

(f) Remote sensing for sustainable development.

(g) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.

3. Ethology :

(a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning, and memory, instinct, habituation,
conditioning, imprinting.

(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator
tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organization in insects;

(c) Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms: biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian
rhythms.

(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship and altruism.

4. Economic Zoology :

(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture, vermiculture.

(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their
vectors, pathogens and prevention.

(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminths) and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus,
Stomoxys).

(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella), oil seed (Achaeajanata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae).

(e) Transgenic animals.

(f) Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, gene therapy.

(g) Forensic biotechnology.

5. Biostatistics :

Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central
tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).

6. Instrumentation methods :

(a) Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultra centrifuge,
gel . electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome painting.

(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

PAPER II
1. Cell Biology :
(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi
bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic
spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movement chromosome type ploytene and lambrush,
organization of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation.

(b) Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation,
protein foldings and transport.

2. Genetics :

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(a) Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic, code.

(b) Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and human.

(c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups,
pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in human.

(d) Mutations and mutagenesis.

(e) Recombinant DNA technology, plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors, transgenics, DNA
cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and methods).

(f) Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

(g) Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences.

(h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP in DNA finger-printing, ribozyme technologies,
human genome project, genomics and protomics.

3. Evolution :

(a) Theories of origin of life.

(b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, evolutionary patterns, molecular
drive, mimicry, variation, isolation and speciation.

(c) Evolution of horse, elephant and human using fossil data.

(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law.

(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.

4. Systematics :

Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy and biodiversity.

5. Biochemistry :

(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids, nucleic
acids. Bioenergetics.

(b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation; energy conservation and
release, ATP, cycl cyclic AMP-its structure and role.

(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions.

(d) Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.

(e) Vitamins and co-enzymes.

(f) Immunoglobulin and immunity.

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals) :

(a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in human; factors and mechanism
of coagulation; iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo regulation, anticoagulants.

(b) Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

(c) Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands.

(d) Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation and excretory product.

(e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
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(f) Neuron: nerve impulse—its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters.

(g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in human.

(h) Physiology of reproduction puberty and menopause in human.

7. Developmental Biology :

(a) Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian
sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization, morphogenesis and morphogen; blastogeneis, establishment of
body axes formation, fate map, gestulation in frog and chick; genes in development in chick homeotic genes,
development of eye and heart, placenta in mammals.

(b) Cell lineage, cell to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine in control of
metamorphosisin amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging.

(c) Developmental genes in human, in vitro fertilization; and embryo transfer; cloning.

(d) Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare.

(e) Biogenetic law.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.