NAME: ............................................................................................. ADM NO.: ................................

CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: .................................................... DATE: ......................................

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

COMPUTER STUDIES PAPER 1(451/1)
Theory
JULY/AUGUST - 2018
Time: 2 ½ HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.

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b) Sign and write date of examination in the spaces provided above.

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c) This paper consists of two sections: A & B.

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d) Answer all questions in section A.

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e) Answer question 16 and any other three questions from section B.

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f) All answers should be written in the spaces provided in the question paper.

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g) This paper consist of 14 printed pages
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h) Do not remove any pages from this booklet.
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i) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
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indicated and that no questions are missing

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j) Candidates should answer questions in English.

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For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Question number Candidate’s Score
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A 1-15
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B 16
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Total Score

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Section A: answer all questions in this section on the spaces provided.

1 State three Computer Laboratory precautions and measures necessary to protect the [3 marks]
computer user.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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2 State two reasons for system reboot. [2 marks]

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3 State any five uses of computers in a university. [5 marks]

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4 State the purpose of the following parts of the CPU

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a Control Unit; [1 mark]

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b Arithmetic and Logic Unit; [1 mark]

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 c Main Memory; [1 mark]
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5 The secretary to the Board of Management of your school wants to purchase a computer [3 marks]
screen and has resulted to consult your advice. State any three features or terms you
could recommend her to consider during the purchasing process.
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6 List down any four hardware components you can add or upgrade in a computer. [4 marks]

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7 a Differentiate between Batch processing and real time processing modes. [2 marks]
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8 a Define the term normalization as used in data base design [2 marks]

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 b State three objectives of normalization. [3 marks]
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9 A worksheet contains the data shown below [2 marks]

State the values displayed in G1

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10 a Name two methods of paper orientation as used in DTP [2 marks]

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b Differentiate between the following

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i. Kerning and tracking [2 marks]

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ii. Margins and column guides [2 marks]

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11 Explain one role of a computer technician [1 marks]

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12 What is disk partitioning? [1 marks]
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13 What is the meaning of the phrase ‘semantics’ as used with computer programming? [1 marks]
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14 What is internet? [1 marks]

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15 Explain the function of a bridge in computer networking. [1 marks]

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Section B: Answer question 16 and any other three questions

16 a State two qualities of a good pseudocode. [2 marks]

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b With the aid of flowchart diagrams, describe each of the following programme control
structures:

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(i) sequence [3 marks]

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(ii) selection [3 marks]

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c Draw a programme flowchart that would accept three numbers and find their sum. If the [7 marks]
sum is greater than 200. It adds 30 to the sum, otherwise subtracts 20 from the sum. The
programme should then display the results.

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17 a What is the hexadecimal equivalent of 7678 [3 marks]

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b Use one’s compliment to represent -510 in 8-bits formation. [2 marks]

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c State two reasons for using binary in digital technology [2 marks]

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d Explain the role of a modem in data communication [2 marks]

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 e Describe each of the following computer terminologies as used in data representation [4 marks]
i. Word
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ii. Bit
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iii. Byte
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iv. Nibble
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f Convert 7.12510 to binary [2 marks]

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18 i Describe three ways in which computers have positively impacted on education [3 marks]
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ii a) Simulation is one of the application areas of computers. What is meant by the [1 mark]
term simulation?

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b) State three advantages of computer based simulation [6 marks]

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iii Differentiate between a software engineer and a computer engineer. [2 marks]

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iv Name three responsibilities that are carried out by a web administrator. [3 marks]
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19 A school computer laboratory is scheduled to undergo major renovations. The lab is
schedule to receive new computer whose specifications are given below:-
Pentium IV 2.8GHz processor
40GB HDD
3 ½ FDD
256MB RAM
56 x CD ROM
17” SVGA TFT monitor
The computers are going to be networked and will be able to browse the internet.
a Explain what is meant by the terms:- [2 marks]

i. FDD

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ii. HDD

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iii. SVGA

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iv. TFT
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b The computer is to be networked, name one extra device that should be fitted on every [1 mark]
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computer to enable this to happen.

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c The computer is to receive internet facilities through the server on a dial; up system. [1 mark]
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Name and describe the function of a special device that needs to be connected to the
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server to complete the connection.

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d i. The school has to apply star topology to link up the computer. List two [2 mark]
advantages of this type of topology.

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 ii. Name the central device used to connect the computers in this topology.

e List two other types of topologies that the school could have opted for. [1 mark]
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f List four advantages of using a network [2 mark]

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g i. Data transmission via the internet is done using a mode known as packet [3 mark]
switching. Describe this data transmission mode.
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ii. Name two other modes of transmission

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h i. The school’s LAN is done using UTP cable. List two advantages of using this [2 mark]
type of cable.

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 ii. List two advantages of using fibre cable in networking

i Data flows in the school’s LAN in a duplex manner. Discuss two other types of data [1 mark]
transmission in network giving examples

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20 a i. Explain three communication services offered through internet [3 mark]

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ii. Describe the following internet terms [2 marks]

a. Links
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b. URL
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b The following is a spreadsheet relating to a farmer. [2 marks]

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A function = IF (B2<200, “Not Viable”, IF (B2>300, “Moderate”, IF (B2>1000,

“Viable”))). Give the appropriate result returned in cells C2, C3, C4 and C5

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 c Text can easily be selected using a mouse in word processing. How do you select [2 marks]
i. Multiple paragraph

ii. Vertical block of text

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d List three areas where virtual reality is used. [3 marks]
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e Outline three ways computers can be used to enhance marketing. [3 marks]

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MARKING SCHEME
1 State three Computer Laboratory precautions and measures necessary to protect the [3 marks]
computer user.

a) Installation of anti-glare screens @𝟏 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌

b) Seats with straight backrest ×𝟑
c) Computer screens should be on level with user’s eyes = 𝟑 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔
d) Proper cabling
e) Proper ventilations
f) No overcrowding
g) Installation of fire alarms

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2 State two reasons for system reboot. [2 marks]

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@𝟏 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌

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1. a. Recover from a problem such as system hung, grub
b. So that the computer can handle maintenance services such as ×𝟐

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backing up and restoring data = 𝟐 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔
c. Due to power outage

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d. Add or remove hardware

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e. Customize CMOS settings or Change Kernel parameters

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f. Repair system configuration files
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g. Allow auto update files to run

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3 State any five uses of computers in a university. [5 marks]

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1. Typesetting @𝟏 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌
×𝟓
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2. Publishing newsletters, tutorials and modules = 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔

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3. Running of security systems such as CCTV, biometric entry/exit points and

alarms
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4. Research work such as gathering information

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5. E-learning (distance learning)

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6. Running of lifts and elevators in tall buildings

7. Used in laboratories and workshops to run air conditioning systems and

control machines

8. Used in library to run catalogue systems

9. Used for communication purposes

10. Making of university timetables

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 11. Producing academic reports

12. Keeping records of workers, students and assets

13. Communications such as use of e-mails

4 State the purpose of the following parts of the CPU

A Control Unit; 1 mk

Coordinates all the activities in the CPU by issuing instructions

B ALU; 1 mk

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Manipulates numerical and logical data

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C Main Memory; 1 mk

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Provides temporary storage

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5 a) Initial cost 3 marks
b) Running cost

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c) Size of the screen
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d) Warranty
e) End user licence agreement (EULA)
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f) User manual
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g) Power consumption
h) Colour enhancements
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i) Quality of image
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6 a) Graphic adaptors
b) TV Card
c) Random Access memory
d) Hard Disk Drive
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e) Processor
f) Data cables
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g) Power supply unit

h) Motherboard
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i) CD/DVD/Flash Drives
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7 a Differentiate between Batch processing and real time processing modes. [2 marks]

Batch processing is where data is first collected and data collected is processed/at once (1mk)
Real-time —data is processed so quickly such that the results (output) produced are able to influence,
control, or affect the outcome of the activity currently taking place (1mk)

8 a Define the term normalization as used in data base design [2 marks]

Normalization is the process of trying to eliminate storage of duplicate values of data in a database

b State three objectives of normalization. [3 marks]

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  Relate different tables in a database
 Ease the retrieval of data from a relational database
 Breaking up multi theme tables into smaller workable tables 1x3=3mks

9 A worksheet contains the data shown below [2 marks]

State the values displayed in G1

𝟓 + 𝟕 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑𝟐

10 a Name two methods of paper orientation as used in DTP [2 marks]

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1. Portrait
2. Landscape

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b i.) [2 marks]
Kerning refers to fixing particular pairs of letters that are to close or to far apart

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from each other (1mk)

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Tracking refers to changing visual denseness or openness of characters in a line

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(1mk)
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ii) [2 marks]
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Margins marks text areas on the page along the edges (1mk)
Column guides divide the pages into several fields, used to define the printable areas
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(1mk)
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11 Explain one role of a computer technician [1 marks]

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i. Trouble shooting computer software / hardware related problem

ii. Assembling and upgrading computer components
iii. Servicing and maintaining of all computer related accessories
2 mks for any two correct answers
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12 What is disk partitioning? [1 marks]

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Process of dividing a large physical disk into two or more partition called logical drives
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13 What is the meaning of the phrase ‘semantics’ as used with computer programming? [1 marks]

Meaning attached to every command in a particular programming language

14 What is internet? [1 marks]

This is a global network of computers.

15 Explain the function of a bridge in computer networking. [1 marks]

 A network device that selectively determines the appropriate network segment for which a message
is meant to be delivered or
 A bridge is a device that connects and passes packets between two network segments that use the

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 same communications protocol.

16 a State two qualities of a good pseudocode.

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b With the aid of flowchart diagrams, describe each of the following programme control
structures:

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i. sequence 3 marks

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 ]
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ii. selection 3 marks

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c Draw a programme flowchart that would accept three numbers and find their sum. If the sum
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is greater than 200. It adds 30 to the sum, otherwise subtracts 20 from the sum. The
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programme should then display the results.

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am ://a
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17 17. a) What is the hexadecimal equivalent of 7678

Step1 convert 7678 to decimal
7x 82 + 6x81 +7x80
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448+48+7=50310
Step2
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Convert 50310 to hexadecimal

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16 31 7
16 1 15
1 1
7678=IF 716
Correct method/ step and answer give a mark

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 b) Use one’s compliment to solve the following sum:-510 (2mks)
2 5 Rem
2 2 1
2 1 0
1 1
-510 = 111110102
c) State two reasons for using binary in digital technology.
It is easier to develop devices that understand binary language
Devices designed using binary logic are simple
Digital devices are more reliable and consume less energy.
1mark for any two
d) Explain the role of a modem in data communication (2mks)

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A modem converts (modulates) data signal from digital to analogue to be

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transmitted over the telephone line. At the destination (receiving end) the modem
attached to receiving computer converts (demodulate) the analogue signal back to the

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original digital form

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e) Describe each of following computer terminologies as used in data representation.

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(4mks)
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(i) Word
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Total number of bits that a single register of a particular machine can hold
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(ii) Bit
The smallest binary unit of either a ‘0’ or ‘1’.
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(iii) Byte
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A group / collection of 8 bit used to represent a character.

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(iv)Nibble
A group of four binary digital usually representing a numeric value.
1mark for correct description
f) Convert 7.12510 to binary
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2 3 1
2 1 1
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1 1
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1112 .125x2= .250 0

.250 x2 = .500 0
.500 x 2 = 1.000 1

=0.0012
= 111.0012

18 19. (i) Describe three ways in computers have positively impacted on

education (3mks)

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 Enabled distance learning hence education is made available to the
mass
Standardized learning through sharing of materials on the internet
as well as research.
Has ensured quality output
Brought the need for retaining staff in aspects of computing
(ii) Simulation is one of the application areas of computers. What is meant
by the term simulation? (1mk)
Is the designing of models of either an actual or theoretical physical
item or analyzing / testing the execution output using a computer?
(b) State three advantages of computer based simulation.
(6mks)

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Save cost- cheap way of testing models before actually building

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them
Reduce risks- it allows some activities that would otherwise be

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expensive & dangerous in real life situation to be put under test.

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It is faster

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It enables the manufacturer identify weakness of the real situation

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hence put correct reinforcement to their designs.
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It is convenient
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(iii) Differentiate between a software engineer and a computer engineer

- Software engineer develops software programs as per requirements;
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computer engineer designs computer hardware and improves on existing

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ones. *1 mk every correct answer\

(v) Name three responsibilities that are carried out by a web administrator
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- develop and test websites

-Down load information needed by the firm from the internet
- Monitor access and use of the internet by enforcing security
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- Modify, update, and maintain information on the website to meet new

demands
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* 1 Mk for any three correct

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19 A school computer laboratory is scheduled to undergo major renovations. The lab is

schedule to receiver new computer whose specifications are given below:-
Pentium IV 2.8GHz processor
40GB HDD
3 ½ FDD
256MB RAM
56CD Rom
17” SVGA TFT monitor
The computers are going to be networked and will be able to browse the internet.
a) Explain what is meant by the terms:- (2marks)
i) FDD

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  An acronym for floppy disk drove which the computer possesses for 3 ½ size
disks
ii) HDD
 An acronym for hard disk which the computer possess and its storage size is
40GB
iii) SVGA
 An acronym for thin film transistor monitor type
iv) TFT
 An acronym for thin film transistor monitor type
b) The computer is to be networked, name one extra device that should be fitted
on every computer to enable this to happen (1mark)
 NIC (network interface Card)
c) The computer is to receive internet facilities through the server on a dial; up
system. Name and describe the function of a special device that needs to be

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connected to the server to complete the connection. (1mark).
 A modem

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d) (i) The school has to apply he star topology to link up the computer. List two

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advantages of this type of topology. (1mark)
 Easy to configure

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 Allows centralization of key networking resources like concentration and servers

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 Gives network administration focal point for network
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(i) Name the central device used to connect the computers in this topology.
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(1mark)
 Hub
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e) List two other types of topologies that the school could have opted for (1mark)
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 Bus topology
 Ring topology
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 Mesh topology
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 Tree/ hierarchical topology

f) List four advantages of using a network (2marks)

 Improves reliability e.g. in case one computer breaks down, users can still access
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data and information from other computer on network

 Resources sharing i.e. data/ information, files, printers, modems, programs etc
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can be attached to the network for access by all users

 Distributed processing facilities
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 Remote communication i.e. transfer of data signals between two communication

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devices located differently

 Cost effectiveness. Although initial cost of laying down the network components
may be expensive the savings experienced and the value added to service delivery
make them a
g) (i) Data transmission via the internet is done using a mode known as packet
switching. Describe this data transmission mode (1mark)
 Refer to the process over the network of breaking down into discrete systematic
steps the data transmission process and at each step a certain action takes place.
(i) Name two other modes of transmission (2mark)
Simplex Mode
Half Duplex and Full Duplex

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 h) (i) The school’s LAN is done using UTP cable. List two advantages of using
this type of cable. (1mark)
- They are readily available (EMI)
- Cheap (not costly)
(ii) List two advantages of using fibre cable in networking (1mark)
- Hard to tap (security)
- Immune to effects of moisture and light.
- Does not suffer from E.M.I
- Flexible in size.
iii) Data flows in the school’s LAN in a duplex manner. Discuss two other types of
data transmission in
network giving examples (2marks)
- Hard duplex (Bi – directional)
- Data flows in both direction but only one direction at a time.

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- Simplex
Data flows in one direction on the communication media.

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20 a)(i) Explain three communication services offered through internet (3marks)

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1. Chatting

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2. E-mails

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3. Video conferencing
(ii) Describe the following internet terms (2mks)

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Links – A text or picture that when clicked causes other web
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pages to be opened.
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URL – A special internet address made up of organization name

and an extension explaining the type of organization and country.
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b) The following is a spreadsheet relating to a farmer.

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A B C
1 Crop Amount Not viable
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2 Maize 150 Not viable

3 Bean 300 Not viable
4 Cashew nuts 850 Moderate
5 Cabbages 1036 viable
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A function =IF(B2<200 “Not Viable”), IF(B2>300,” Moderate”), IF (B2>1000,

“Viable”))). Give the appropriate result returned in cells C2, C3, C4 and C5
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(2 mks)
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c) Text can easily be selected using a mouse in word processing. How do you
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select
i) Multiple paragraph
Triple click on the left margin (2mks)
ii) Vertical block of text
Hold down Ctrl as you drag the mouse pointer
(d) List three areas where virtual reality is used (3 mks)
- entertainment
- exploring of landscapes
- simulation
- study of human anatomy
(e) Outline three ways computers can be used to enhance marketing. (3mks

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-E-commerce
-Electronic presentation
-Advertising

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