Gramin Technical & Management Campus Nanded Department Of

Electrical Engineering

TOPIC 6 : ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION

6.1 INTRODUCTION :-

What is Robotic Process Automation?

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a technology that allows organizations to automate

routine and repetitive business processes using software robots, or "bots." These bots are
programmed to mimic human interactions with digital systems, such as clicking, typing,
copying, pasting, and navigating applications. RPA does not require the redesign of existing
systems; instead, it works on top of existing infrastructure, interacting with applications just as
a human would.RPA is most useful for tasks that are rules-based, repetitive, and involve
structured data. Common examples include data entry, invoice processing, customer and report
generation. Unlike traditional automation methods that often require complex coding and
system integration, RPA offers a low-code or no-code solution that is easier and faster to
implement.

6.2 CONSTRUCTION :-

Fig 6.2 : common function of RPA

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Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a technology that uses software robots or “bots” to
automate repetitive, rule-based tasks traditionally performed by humans. These tasks can
include data entry, processing transactions, responding to emails, or updating records. RPA is
designed to improve efficiency, accuracy, and productivity in business operations by reducing
the need for manual intervention. Unlike traditional automation, which often requires deep
integration with IT systems, RPA operates at the user interface level, mimicking human actions
across various applications. This non-intrusive nature makes RPA faster to deploy and more
adaptable to existing systems.

Key Features of RPA

1. User Interface Interaction: Bots mimic human actions such as clicking, typing, reading screen
text, and extracting data.

2. Rule-Based Operation: RPA works best with tasks governed by clear rules and structured
inputs.

3. Non-Invasive Implementation: No need to alter existing systems; bots operate on top of

current applications.

4. Scalability: Easily scalable as business needs grow.

5. Audit Trail: Keeps logs of all actions for transparency and compliance.

Benefits of RPA

Increased Efficiency: Bots work 24/7 without fatigue, speeding up processes. Cost Reduction: By
automating routine tasks, companies can reduce operational costs. Improved Accuracy:
Reduces human error in data handling.

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6.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE :-

Fig 6.1: Working of Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

Robotic Process Automation works by using software bots to perform structured, rule-based
digital tasks. These bots are programmed to interact with various systems and applications in
the same way a human would. The working of RPA involves multiple stages: identifying a
process, designing a bot, developing automation scripts, deploying bots, and monitoring their
performance.

1. Process Identification and Assessment: Before automation begins, the first step is identifying
which business processes are suitable for RPA. Ideal candidates for RPA include. Repetitive and
rule-based tasksHigh-volume, time-consuming processes, Processes involving structured data,
Tasks prone to human error. Examples include data entry, form processing, and report
generation.

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2. Bot Design and Development: Once the process is selected, developers (or business users
using low-code platforms) create a workflow that the bot will follow. This is done in an RPA
development environment, often using drag-and-drop visual design tools.

The design stage includes: Defining the sequence of actions (e.g., open an application, click a
button, extract data) Adding conditions and logic (if-else statements, loops) Handling
exceptions or errors. Configuring input and output data. RPA tools like UiPath, Automation
Anywhere, and Blue Prism offer intuitive interfaces for this development.

6.4 ADVANTAGES :-

Advantages of RPA :

1. Increased Efficiency and Speed: RPA bots can operate 24/7 without breaks, enabling
organizations to complete tasks significantly faster than human workers.

2. Cost Savings: By automating repetitive and labor-intensive tasks, organizations can reduce
staffing costs and redirect resources toward higher-value work. Over time, this can lead to
substantial savings.

3. Improved Accuracy and Reduced Errors Bots strictly follow programmed rules and workflows,
reducing the chance of human error, especially in data entry, calculations, and document
handling.

4. Scalability and Flexibility: RPA systems can be scaled up or down easily depending on
business demands. New bots can be deployed quickly without the need for major changes to
existing infrastructure.

5. Employee Satisfaction: By handling repetitive tasks, RPA allows employees to focus on more
engaging and strategic activities, improving job satisfaction and reducing burnout.

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6.5 DISADVANTAGES :-

Disadvantages of RPA

1. High Initial Investment

While RPA can save money in the long term, the initial setup cost, including software licensing,
training, and infrastructure, can be significant.

2. Limited to Rule-Based Tasks

RPA is best suited for processes that are structured and predictable. It struggles with tasks that
require human judgment, creativity, or work with unstructured data unless integrated with AI.

3. Maintenance and Bot Management

Bots need to be updated whenever the underlying systems or applications change. Frequent
maintenance can increase operational overhead.

4. Risk of Job Displacement

Automating roles traditionally performed by humans can lead to workforce reduction. If not
managed properly, this can create fear, resistance, and morale issues among employees.

5. Security and Data Privacy Concerns

If not properly governed, RPA bots may access sensitive data, creating potential security risks.
Strong access controls and encryption are necessary.

6. Over-Reliance on Automation

Excessive dependence on bots can create gaps in human expertise and business continuity in
case of system failures or cyberattacks.

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6.6 APPLICATIONS :-

Applications of RPA

Robotic Process Automation is used across a wide range of industries. Some notable
applications include:

1. Banking and Finance: Automating loan processing, Account reconciliation, Fraud detection
support, Report generation and compliance checks.

2. Healthcare: Patient registration and scheduling, Medical billing and claims processing,
Electronic health record (EHR) data management.

3. Insurance: Underwriting automation, Claims processing, Policy administration, Regulatory

reporting.

4. Human Resources (HR): Employee onboarding and offboarding, Payroll processing, Time and
attendance tracking, Resume screening.

5. Manufacturing and Supply Chain: Inventory management, Purchase order processing, Vendor
communication,Shipment tracking.

6. Retail and E-commerce: Price comparison and monitoring, Customer service automation
(chatbots), Order processing, Returns and refund management

7. IT Services: Automated ticketing systems, Password resets, System monitoring and alerts,

Software installation and patching.

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6.7 CONCLUSION :-

Robotic Process Automation (RPA): Results and Conclusion Robotic Process Automation has
proven to be a game-changer for organizations across various industries. The tangible and
measurable results observed after implementing RPA include. Enhanced Productivity:
Organizations have reported significant improvements in operational productivity. Bots can
work continuously without fatigue, leading to higher output in less time. For example, in
finance departments, tasks like reconciliation or report generation that once took hours can
now be completed in minutes.

Robotic Process Automation is not just a temporary technological trend—it is a long-term

strategic enabler for digital transformation. In conclusion, RPA offers a sustainable way to
improve business performance. By automating repetitive tasks, it frees up human potential,
allowing businesses to become faster, more agile, and more competitive in a digital-first world.

6.8 REFRENCES :-

1. Lacity, M. C., & Willcocks, L. P. (2016).

Robotic Process Automation and Risk Mitigation: The Definitive Guide.

London: SB Publishing.

ISBN: 978-1906124933

2. UiPath Academy – Free learning platform from a leading RPA vendor.

https://academy.uipath.com

3. Automation Anywhere University – Official training from another top RPA provider.

https://university.automationanywhere.com

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