INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRs 30

utive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the

Government: pressure groups and formal/informal.associa
INSIDE tions and their role in the Polity.
9. Alternate Dispute Redressal System (ADR): Arbitra
GENERAL STUDIES - 1 tion Guidelines 28

Iopics: Indian culture willcover the salient aspects of Art Topics: Appointment to various Constitutional posts,. pow:
Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern ers. functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional
times. Bodies.
1. Nalanda -In its new Avatar 6
10. NHRC Notice to Odisha Govt on Custodial Death 30
2. India's Geological-Heritage Sites 7
Topics: Government policies and interventions for develop
Topics: Post-independence consolidation and reorganiza ment in various sectors and issues arising out of their design
tion within the country. and implementation.
3. 25 years of Kargil War 9 11. Disparities in Education Outcomes in India 32
4. 40 Years of Operation Bluestar 11 12. Issues with the National Education Policy (NEP) 34
Topics: Population and associated issues, poverty and devel 13. Post Office Act 2023 comes into Effect 36

opmental issues. 14. PM Awas Yojana: Transforming Housing with Rs 4

5. AStudy on Ageing in India 12 trillion Expansion 38
GENERAL STUDIES - 2 Topics: Issues relating to development and management of
Topics: Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolu: Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
tion, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic Resources.
structure; Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme 15. Antenatal healthcare 40

with that of other COuntries. 16. NET-NEET Crisis: The Reasons Behind India's Failing
1. 10 years of Andhra-Telangana bifurcation 14 Exam System 40
2. Analysis of NOTA (None of the Above) 16 17. Public Examinations (Prevention Of Unfair Means)
3. Analysis of Constitutional Morality 17 Act 2024 notified 42

4. Patna High Court strikes down 65% quota in Bihar 18. Cooperative Societies are not subject to the RTI Act
1g 44

5. Human Dignity vs. Religious Practices 21 19. Flaws in the Criminal Justice System 45

Topics: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the 20. Need for Democratization of Technology 47

States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal struc 21. UN Launches Framework to Combat Online Misin
ture, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels formation
and challenges therein. Topics: India and its neighbourhood- relations.
6. Federalism in lndia after the 2024 General Election 22. China's 'grey-zone' warfare tactics and its impact 50
22
23. India-Bangladesh Relations 52
7. Grassroots Governance: The Dynamics of Village 24. Indus Water Treaty 53
Government in India 25
Topics: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agree
Topics: Parliament and State Legislatures- structure, fund ments involving india and/or affecting India's interests.
tioning, conduct of business. powers &privileges and issues 25. The Group of Seven (G7) 55
arising out of these.
26. Prime Ministers review India-Italy Strategic Partner
8. Women MPs in Lok Sabha 26
ship 56
Topics: Structure, organization and functioning of the Exec 27. Two Decades of Quad: Diplomacy and Cooperation

2 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

in the Indo-Pacific 57 12. State of the Ocean Report 2024 87

Topics: Effect of policies and politics of developed and devel 13. Remoulding the Global Plastics Treaty 89

oping countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. 14. Drying Up: Fixing Urban India's Water Problem 91
28. US-China Trade War and its impact on India 59 15. Montreal Protocol: Environmental Success Story 93
29. AUKUS alliance and its pivot to France 60 16. PESA has boosted forest conservation in India 94

30. Indian Migrants to Gulf Countries 62

17. Andaman & Nicobar (A&N) islands: Strategic Gems
Topics: Important International institutions, agencies and with Ecological Treasures 96

fora, their structure, mandate. Topics: Disaster and management.

31. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and Mutual Evalu 18. Learning from the Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan 98
ation Report 63
Topics: Challenges to internal security through commånica
GENERAL STUDIES-3 tion networks, role of media and social networking sites in
Topics: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning. mo- internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; mon:
billzation of resources, growth, development and employ- ey-laundering andits prevention
ment. 19. India's First Joint Doctrine for Cyberspace Opera
1. RBI Holds Repo Rate Steady 65 tion 100

2. Reforms Needed for India to Become a Developed GENERAL STUDIES -4

Country 67 101
1. Emotional Intelligence and its Applications
3. 7 Years of GST: Balancing Tech &Transformation 70 2. Whistleblowing: The Ethics of Speaking Out 104

4. Revamping India's Farms: Challenges and Solutions 3. Reining in Financial Influencers 105
72
4. Navigating the NET-NEET Crisis: Ethical Insights 106
5. Heat and Water Crises: AGlobal Food Security Emer CONTENT FOR MAINS ENRICHMENT
gency 75
1. Cryonics Practice for Freezing the Human Body 107
Topics: Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in 2. "Air of the Anthropocene" project 107
industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
3. UNESco's New Tools for Greening Education 107
6. Ablueprint for boosting India's exports 76
4. Dietary Patterns in India 108
Topics: Infrastructure: Energy. Ports, Roads, Airports, Rail
5. School in a Box initiative 108
ways etc.
7. Vadhavan Port (India's First Mega Port) 77 6. Kerala's gender-neutral school textbooks 109

7. CRY launches "Poori Padhai Desh Ki Bhalai" cam

Topics: Science and Technology- developments and their
paign 109
applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of In
Skin Bank 100
 2. "Air of the Anthropocene" project 107
industrial policy and their effects onindustrial growth,
6. A blueprint for boosting India's exports 76 3. UNESCo's New Tools for Greening Education 107

4. Dietary Patterns in India 108

Topics: Infrastructure: Energy. Ports, Roads, Airports, Rail
5. School in a Box initiative 108
ways etc.
6. Kerala's gender-neutral school textbooks 109
7. Vadhavan Port (India's First Mega Port) 77
7. CRY launches "Poori Padhai Desh Ki Bhalai" cam
Topics: Science and Technology- developments and their
paign 109
applications and effectsin everyday life Achievements of In
8. Skin Bank 109
dians in science &technology: indigenization of technology
and developing new technology. 9. Digitalization is revolutionizing faecal sludge and
8. Potential of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) for septage management (FSSM) 110

India 80 10. Safai Apnao, Bimaari Bhagao (SABB) initiative 111

9. UN declares 2025 as International Year of Quantum FACTS FOR PRELIMS; GS-1

Science and Tech 81 Art &Culture
10. GM Crops: Weighing Food Security Against Environ 1. 10th International Yoga Day (IYD) 112
mental Impact 2. Kozhikode: India's first UNESCo City of Literature'
11. Global Trans-fat Elimination 86 112

Topics: Conservation related issues, environmental pollution 3. Annual Ambubachi Mela 113

and degradation, environmentalimpact assessment. 4. World Craft City 113

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INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

5. Dodol 113 23. UN Assistance Mission for Irag (UNAMI) 124

Society 24. International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) 124

6. Satnami community 114 25. Non-Permanent Members of the UNSC 124

Geography 26. Draft Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement

7. Stromatolites 114 (RELOS) 125

8. Automatic Weather Station (AWS) 114 GS-3

9. Cold lava 115 Indian Economy.
10. Notified Disasters 115 27. Variable Rate Repo (VRR) 125

11. Brazil's Pantanal wetlands 115 28. FDI inflows into India decreased 125

GS-2 29. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) 126

30. India's Gold Reserve 126
Salient features of Indian Constitution
1. Freedom of Artistic Expression in India 116 31. Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) 126

32. Preston curve 127

Eunctioning of Parliament and State Legislatures
2. Central Excise Bill, 2024 116 33. Duty Drawbacks 127
3. Speaker Pro tem of Lok Sabha 116 34. Base erosion and profit shifting 127

4. Deputy Speaker 117 35. IBBI 128

5. Leader of Opposition 117 36. GAAR 128

6. Renaming the states 117 37. Angel Tax 129

Judiciary 38. Excessive deficit procedure (EDP) 129

7. Goa's First "Living Wil" 117 39. Priority Sector Lending (PSL) 129

8. Doctrine of Merger and the Rule of stare decisis 118 40. Prohibition of Insider Trading (PIT) 129

9. Self-Declaration Certificate must for advertisers 118 41. "Mini RATNA' status (Category-1) for Central Elec
119 tronics Limited (CEL) 130
10. Mercy petition
42. India's Forex reserve 131
Constitutional and Non-ConstitutionalBodies
11. NHRC on Human Trafficking 119 Agriculture
12. FSSAI 120 43. Unified India Organic logo 131

44. World's largest grain storage plan 132

Governance
120 45. Direct seeding of rice (DSR) 134
13. Special Category Status (SCS)
14. National Health Claim Exchange 121
46. UP-PRAGATI Accelerator program 134

15. GREAT Scheme 121 Science &Technology

16. Solid Waste Management Cess 122 47. Hydroxyurea 134

17. National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement 48. Reverse Transcriptase 135

Scheme (NFIES) 122 49. Recombinant Proteins 135

18. e-SAKSHIMobile Application 122 50. Role of Nuclear Technologies in Food System 135

19. Fast Track Immigration Trusted Traveller Programme 51. Phenome India-CSIR Health Cohort Knowledgebase
123 (PI-CheCK) Project 136

20. ULLAS - New India Literacy Programme (NILP) 123 52. PraVaHa Software 136

International Relations 53. Milgromian dynamics (MOND) Theory 136

54. TRISHNA 137

21. Dag Hammarskjold medal 123

22. Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK) 123 55. Large Action Models (LAMS) 137

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INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

56. safeEXO-Cas 137 92. Global Environment Facility (GEF) 150

57. Initiatives to foster innovation 138 93. Threats to Flamingos at Lake Natron, Tanzania 150
58. Microalgae 138 94. Mainland serow 151

59. Xylitol- The Killer Sweetner 138 95. Rhisotope project 151

60. Portable Optical Atomic Clock 138 Defence

61. ISRO's Aditya-L1 mission 138 96. Minuteman IlI 151

62. Enterobacter bugandensis 139 97. Defence Systems in News: Nagastra-1 and Iskander
 4. Deputy Speaker 117 35. IBBI 128

5. Leader of Opposition 117 36. GAAR 128

6. Renaming the states 117 37. Angel Tax 129

Judiciary 38. Excessive deficit procedure (EDP) 129

7. Goa's First "Living will" 117 39. Priority Sector Lending (PSL) 129

8. Doctrine of Merger and the Rule of stare decisis 118 40. Prohibition of Insider Trading (PIT) 129

9. Self-Declaration Certificate must for advertisers 118 41. "Mini RATNA' status (Category-1) for Central Elec
10. Mercy petition 119 tronics Limited (CEL) 130
42. India's Forex reserve 131
Constitutional and Non-Constitutional Bodies
11. NHRC on Human Trafficking 119 Agriculture
12. FSSAI 120 43. Unified India Organic logo 131
44. World's largest grain storge pS/63 13
Governance
13. Special Category Status (SCS) 120 45. Direct seeding of rice (DSR, 134

121 46. UP-PRAGATI Accelerator program 134

14. National Health Claim Exchange
15. GREAT Scheme 121 Science &Technology
16. Solid Waste Management Cess 122 47. Hydroxyurea 134

17. National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement 48. Reverse Transcriptase 135

Scheme (NFIES) 122 49. Recombinant Proteins 135

18. e-SAKSHI Mobile Application 122 50. Role of Nuclear Technologies in Food System 135

19. Fast Track Immigration Trusted Traveller Programme 51. Phenome India-cSIR Health Cohort Knowledgebase
123 (PI-CheCK) Project 136

20. ULLAS - New India Literacy Programme (NILP) 123 52. PraVaHa Software 136

53. Milgromian dynamics (MOND) Theory 136

International Relations
21. Dag Hammarskjold medal 123 54. TRISHNA 137

22. Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK) 123 55. Large Action Models (LAMs) 137

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INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

56. safeEXO-Cas 137 92. Global Environment Facility (GEF) 150

57. Initiatives to foster innovation 138 93. Threats to Flamingos at Lake Natron, Tanzania 150
58. Microalgae 138 94. Mainland serow 151
59. Xylitol-The Killer Sweetner 138 95. Rhisotope project 151

60. Portable Optical Atomic Clock 138 Defence

61. ISRO's Aditya-L1 mission 138 96. Minuteman II 151
62. Enterobacter bugandensis 139 97. Defence Systems in News: Nagastra-1 and Iskander
63. Nitrous oxide 139 Missile 152

64. Fatty liver disease 140 98. Tarang Shakti-2024 152

65. Donanemab 140 99. Cyber Mercenaries 152

66. Google Search Algorithms 140 100. Javelin anti-tank missiles 153

67. Superhydrophobic catalyst 141 101. Medium Range-Microwave Obscurant Chaff

68. Capsaicin 141 Rocket (MR-MOCR) 153

142 102. Reports in News 154

69. Pigment purpurogallin
70. Kavli Prize 142 MAPPING
71. Divya Drishti 142 INTERNATIONAL
1. Techo Funan Canal (Cambodia) 158
72. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) 142

73. '5G Intelligent Village' and 'Quantum Encryption Al 2. Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb islands
158
gorithm' 142

74. Matsya 6000 143 3. Five Eyes Alliance 159

75. Bio-bitumen 143 4. Mount Kanlaon 159

76. Functional Ulitrasound Imaging (fUSI) 143 5. Mercury Island 160

77. Claude 3.5 Sonnet 144 6. Nord Stream Methane Leaks 160

78. India's First Underground Coal Gasification Pilot 144 7. Namaqualand (Africa) 161

79. Multi-omics 145 8. Denmark to Introduce World's First CO2 Tax on

Farms 161
80. Hydrogen gas from a mixture of methanol and para
formaldehyde 145 INDIAN
81. Space MAITRI 145 9. Kolar Gold Fields (KGF) 162

10. Srikakulam (Andhra Pradesh) 163

Environment &EcologY
11. Barda Wildlife Sanctuary 163
82. Hollangapar Gibbon Sanctuary 146

83. Biocover 147

84. Nagi and Nakti bird sanctuaries: Two more sites add
ed to Ramsar List 147

85. Freshwater Diatom 147

86. Dead zone 148

87. Bioluminescence 148

88. E-Flow Ecological Monitoring System 148

89. World Crocodile Day 149

90. Gandhisagar Sanctuary 149

91. Striped caecilian (Ichthyophis spp) 149

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INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

 Table of Contents
1. POLITY AND GOVERNANCE 3.9.15. Front Running 54
54

1.1. Coalition Government 3.9.16. State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024 54
1.2. Demand for New States 3.9.17. ICRIER Releases Policy Brief on Post-Harvest
Losses (PHL) in India 5
1.3. Internal Emergency
3.9.18. Container Port Performance Index (CPPI) 56
1.4. Proportional Representation 4. SECURITY 57
1.5. MissionnKarmayogi 10
1.6. Online Misinformation 17 4.1. 25 years of Kargil War 57
4.2. National Security Strategy. 59
1.7. News in Shorts 14
1.7.1. New Criminal Laws Come into Effect from July 1 14 4.3. Joint Doctrine for Cyberspace Operations 60
4.4. About Aircraft Carrier 61
1.7.2. Telecommunications Act, 2023 15

1.7.3. The Post Office Act 2023 comes into effect 15 4.5. Forensic Science 63

1.7.4. 74 Women MPs in 18th Lok Sabha 15 4.6. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) 64

1.7.5. Self Declaration Certificates 1 4.7. News in Shorts 66

2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 18 4.7.1. United Nations Security Council (UNSC)

2.1. India: Global Peacemaker 18 4.7.2. Multilateral Peace Operations 6F

4.7.3. Project 28 66
2.2. Rise of Minilaterals 20
2.3. India-Bangladesh Relations 27 4.7.4. Nagastra-1
4.7.5. Rudram-ll 67
2.4. Group of 7 (G7) 23
4.7.6. Microwave Obscurant Chaff Rocket (MOCR) 67
2.5. India-France Relations 26 4.7.7. Javelin Anti-tank Weapon System 67
2.6. India-Eurasia Relations 28 4.7.8. Exercises in News 68
2.7. India-Japan Relations 2 5. ENVIRONMENT 69
2.8. Nuclear Weapons Arsenal 31
5.1. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Climate
2.9. News in Shorts 34
Change 69
2.9.1. India-Italy Strategic Partnership 34
5.2. Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) 71
2.9.2. INDUS-X Initiative Marks one-year Anniversary 35 5.3. Great Nicobar lsland
2.9.3. Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity 35
2.9.4. Colombo Process 36 S.4. Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) 7
5.5. Offshore eWind Energy 77
3. ECONOMY 37
5.6. News in Shorts 79
3.1. Revised Priority Sector Lending Norms 37
5.6.1. New Ramsar Sites
3.2. Finfluencers 39
5.6.2. Bonn Climate Change Conference Concluded 70
3.3. Bridging Global Workforce Gaps 41
5.6.3. 67th Global Environment Facility (GEF) Council
3.4. India's Trade Deficit Meeting.
3.5. Agriculture Extension System 43 5.6.4.30h Anniversary of UNCCD
3.6. Technical Textiles 5.6.5. Montreal Protocol 81

3.7. Indian Railways Safety 46 5.6.6. Antarctic Treaty 81

3.8. Offshore Minerals in India 48 5.6.7. Collective Intelligence (CI) Initiatives 82

3.9. News in Shots 49 5.6.8. UNESCO Releases State of the Ocean Report (2024)
3.9.1. Foreign Directt Investment
I (FDI) 4c 823

3.9.2. India's Outlook to positive from stable 50 5.6.9. Carbon Pricing 83

5.6.10. Water Credit 84
3.9.3. Global Economic Prospects Report 50
3.9.4, UNCTAD'S Report on Growing Public Debt 51 5.6.11. NASA'S Mission PREFIRE 84
5.6.12. Sustainable Development Report 2024 85
3.9.5. World Employment and Social Outlook: May 2024
Update 5.6.13. UNESCO's Greening Education Partnership 85
3.9.6. Preston Curve 52
5.6.14. orationnPlan (NRP)
D0.24 EU'S Nature Restora

3.9.7. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) joins Project Nexus 52 5.6.15. Globalalcall
Soil Partnership (GSP). 86
3.9.8. RBI Launches Various Initiatives 5.6.16. 50th year of Crocodile Conservation Project_ 86
5.6.17. Microalgae 87
3.9.9. Variable Repo Rate (VRR)
3.9.10. Secured Overnight Financing Rate 53 5.6.18. Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus)
5.6.19. Pench Tiger Reserve
3.9.11. Pump and Dump Scheme 53
3.9.12. SEBI amends Infrastructure Investment Trusts 5.6.20. Bhuvan Panchayat and NDEM 5.0
(InvlTs) Regulations 2024 53 5.6.21. Heat Dome
6. SOCIAL ISSUES 89
3.9.13. Clearing Corporations 54
3.9.14. Derivatives Trading 54 6.1. Failing Public Examination Systems 89
www.visionias.in OVision JAS

6.2. News in Shorts 91 7.5.10. WHO Launches its First Investment Round 109
6.2.1. Global Gender Gap Report 2024 91 7.5.11. Biopharmaceutical Alliance 110
6.2.2. UNICEF releases "Child Nutrition Report, 2024 91 7.5.12. Recombinant Proteins 110
6.2.3. Child Labour 7.5.13. Jumping Genes 111
6.2.4. Global Food Policy Report 2024 97 8. CULTURE 112
6.2.5. Migration and Development Brief 2024 8.1. Devi Ahilyabai Holkar 112
7. sCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 94 8.2. Nalanda University 112

7.1. Quantum Science and Technology 94 8.3. News in Shorts 115

7.2. Outer Space Governance 96 8.3.1. Shree Jagannath Temple 110

7.3. Trans-fat Elimination 98 8.3.2. Jyotirmath or Joshimath 116

7.4. Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDS) 102 8.3.3. Swami Vivekananda 116
8.3.4. Bavikonda Monastery 116
7.5. News in Shorts 105
7.5.1. New CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing Platform_ 105 8.3.5. Kozhikode: India's First 'City of Literature 117

7.5.2. DeepTech startups in India 105 8.3.6. World Craft City (WCC) 117

75.3. AlphaFold-3 106 8.3.7. UNESCO's Prix Versailles Award 117

7.5.4. Nuclear Technologies for Food Safety 106 9. ETHICS 119

7.5.5. Daksha project 107 9.1. Ethics of Whistleblowing 119
7.5.6. TRISHNA: Indo-French Thermal Imaging Mission 9.2. Frauds in Civil Services Examination 120
108
10. SCHEMES IN NEWS 123
7.5.7. EarthCARE Mission 108
10.1. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana 123
7.5.8. Symbiotic System 108
11. PLACES IN NEWS 125
7.5.9. Amendments to international Health Regulations
109 12. PERSONALITIES IN NEWS 126
(IHR)

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4. Agenda for the 16th Finance Commission 25
INSIDE Topics: Government policies and interventions for devel
opment in various sectors and isSues arising Qut of their
GENERAL STUDIES - 1 design and implementation.
Iopics: Modern Indian history from about the middle of 5. Smart Cities Mission extended till 2025 26

the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, 6. Three criminal laws become effective from July 1 27
personalities, issues. 7. Maharashtra's 2024 Bill: A New Front Against Urban
1. Jyotiba Phule 6 Naxalism 29
Topics: Post-independence consolidation and reorganiza 8. SC judgment on the Muslim women's right to
tion within the country. maintenance 30

2. 50th anniversary of the Emergency 9. The Karnataka State Employment of Local Candi
Topics: History of the world will include events from 18th dates in Industries, Factories, and Other Establish
century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawing ments Bill, 2024
of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization. politi: 31

cal philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc 10. Supreme Court Verdict on States' Right to Tax Min
their forms and effect on the society, eral-Rich Lands 33
3. American Declaration of lndependence 8
Topics: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the.
Topics: Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India, population by the Centre and States and the performance
4. Impact of War on Children 10 ofthese schemes.
5. Supreme Court Targets Media Stereotypes of Differ 11. Social Security to Vulnerable sections 35

ently-Abled 12
Topics: Issues relating to development and management of
Topics: Women and women related issues. Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
6. Gender Discrimination at the Workplace 15 Resources.
7. Redefining Work: The Menstrual Leave Policy De 12. Release of SDG India Index 2023-24: NITI Aayog 37
bate 17 13. Economic Survey 2024 Shines Light on Mental
Health B88
Topics: Population and associated issues, poverty and devel
opmental issues, Topics: Important aspects of governance, transparency and
The Not Young 19 accountability, e-governance applications, models, Success:
GENERAL STUDIES - 2 es, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparen:
y &accOuntability and institutional and other measures,
Topics: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the.
14. Rajasthan Pioneers 10-Year Road Safety Plan 40
States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal struc
ture, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels 15. RTI Appeals Disposal Nears 100% 42

and challenges therein. 16. Union Budget 2024-25: Transit Oriented Develop
1. Demand of restoring 'Education' to the State list 20 ment (TOD) for 14 large cities 43

2. Centre Amends Rules to Broaden the Administra Topics:India and its neighbourhood- relations.
tive Role of J&K L-G 22 17. India-Myanmar Relations Amidst Evolving Situation
in Myanmar 45
Iopics: Structure, organization and functioning of the Exec
utive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Topics: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agree
Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associa ments involving India and/or affecting India's interests.
tions and their role in the Polity. 18. India-Russia Ties: Highlights from the 22nd Annual
3. SC Agrees to List Petitions on Money Bill Route 24 Summit 46

Topics: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, pow 19. PM's Visit to Austria 48

ers,functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional. 20. ADecade of india's Act East Policy (AEP)

2 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

Topics: Effect of policies and politics of developed and de 39. Trade in Indian Rupee 85

veloping countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Topics: Science and Technology- developments and their
21. Tibet-China Dispute Act Passed by US Congress 51 applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of In
GENERAL STUDIES-3 dians in science &technology: indigenization of technology.
Topics: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, and developing new technology.
mobilization of resources, growth, development and em 40. Hurdles in the Quantum Mission 87

ployment. Topics: Awareness in space.

22. RBI's Draft Foreign Exchange Management Regula 41. Expanding the Space Economy 88
tion, 2024 52
Topics: Conservation related issues, environmental pollu
23. How to Read India's Balance of Payments? S3 tion and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
24. Skill Up: Tackling India's Unemployment 55 42. UNEScO Unveils 11 New Biosphere Reserves 90

25. Economic Survey 2024: Here are the key takeaways 43. ADB Boosts Rooftop Solar Revolution in India 91
57 44. Issues with India's Forest Conservation 93
26. The problem with the Karnataka gig workers Bill 60 45. Economic Survey and Budget: Global Approach to
Topics: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. Climate Change and India's Perspective q5

27. Inclusive Growth of the North-East Region of India 46. World Mangrove Day: Conservation Success in India
61 Amidst Challenges 97
28. 9 Years of Digital India Initiative 63 Topics: Disaster and management.
Topics: Government Budgeting. 47. Hathras Stampede: Causes and Prevention
29. Analysis of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Man 48. Rising Flames: The Global Surge in Wildfires 101
agement (FRBM) Act 65
49. Assam Floods: Why Ganga- Brahamputra region is
30. Union Budget 2024-25: Key Takeaways and flood Prone? 102
Game-Changers 67
50. Government Unveils National Landslide Forecasting
31. Urban Transformation Strategiesin Union Budget Centre 103
2024-25: 51. Drowning: A Neglected Public Health Crisis 106
72
32. Union Budget 2024-25: 12 New Plug-and-Play In
Topics: Various Security forces and agencies and their man
date.
dustrial Parks 74
52. India's Indigenous Defence Production 107
33. Budget 2024-25: Bharat Small Reactors (BSRS) 76
GENERAL STUDIES - 4
Topics: Major crops cropping patterns in various parts 1. Issues with the Medical Ethics in India 110
of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation
2. Humility in Public Discourse 111
Systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural
3. Alice Munro: Ethical Issues 111
produce and issues and related constraints:e-technologyin
4. The power of Gratitude 112
the aid of farmers.
34. National policy on Farmer Producer Organisations 5. Rules governing the conduct of Civil Servants 113
Topics: Major crops cropping patterns in various parts 110
1. Issues with the Medical Ethics in India
of the country, different types ofirrigation and irigation 2. Humility in Public Discourse 111
systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural 3. Alice Munro: Ethical Issues 111
produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in
the aid of farmers. 4. The power of Gratitude 112

34. National policy on Farmer Producer Organisations 5. Rules governing the conduct of Civil Servants 113

(FPOS) proposed 79 6. NeuroEthics: Protecting Our Neurorights 115

35. Telangana Unveils 1 Lakh Crop Loan Waiver 80 7. Ethical Issues on GST on essential disability aids 116
36. Economic Survey 2023-24: Celebrating the Triumph 8. Gender Equality in Sports 116
of Indian Agriculture 81 9. Ethics of Philanthropy 117
37. Legalising Minimum Support Price in India 82 10. Examples of Ethical Behavior 117
38. Overhauling PDS: Reducing Household Costs and CONTENT FOR MAINS ENRICHMENT
Essential Reforms 1. James Lawson 119
Iopics: Effects ofliberalization on the economy. changes in 2. Jadui Pitara' 119
industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
3 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

3. Franz Kafka 119 7. Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) 128

4. Thazhakara Launches People's Biodiversity Register Constitutional and NÍn- Constitutional Bodies
120 8. Foreigners Tribunals 129
5. Barcelona Residents protesting against Tourists 120 Governance
6. 15-minute neighbourhoods 120
9. Bhuvan Panchayat Portal and National Database for
7. How Chess is helping fight alcoholism 121 Emergency Management 129
8. Bioplastics from cassava 121 10. Sampoornata Abhiyan 129

9. Initiatives by Minal Karanwal (IAS) 121 11. SEHER program 130

10. Olympics 2024: Greenest Games Ever 121 12. e-Office 130

11. NCERT: 10 Bagless Day for Students 122 13. ASMITA Project 130

FACTS FOR PRELIMS; GS-1 14. International Centre for Audit of Local Governance
130
Art &Culture
1. Abhaya Mudra 122 15. First overseas Jan Aushadi Kendra 131
2. Project PARI 122 16. KIRTI programme 131
17. U-WIN 131
3. Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle 123
4. Ahom 'Moidam' 123 18. CULTURAL MAPPING OF VILLAGES 131

5. Bhojshala Temple-Kamal Maula Mosque complex 19. DIGIPIN (Digital Postal Index Number) 132

123 20. PM Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyaan 132

6. Vishnupad and Mahabodhi temples 124 21. SAFAL Test Cycle 2024 to Reduce Exam Stress 132
7. Kalarippayattu 124 22. External Cooperation 132

8. Sangameshwara temple 124 International Relations

9. Charaideo Moidams 124 23. International North-South Transport Corridor 133
10. NATIONAL MISSION FOR MANUSCRIPTS 124 24. Colombo Process 133

11. Monastery of Saint Hilarion/Tell Umm Amer 125 25. Kartarpur Corridor 133

History 26. International Maritime Organization (MO) 134

12. Santhal Hul 125 27. Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) for organic
13, Bastille Day 126 products 134

Geography 28. Resolution on Ukraine's nuclear safety 134

14. Palm Trees 126 29. Carbon crediting mechanism 134

15. Aphelion Point 126 30. Cultural Property Agreement 134

16. Sea Groynes 126 GS-3

17. Denisovans 127 Indian Economy
18. Rogue waves 127 31. Ways and Means Advances (WMA) 135

GS-2 32. eSankhyiki portal 135

33. Project Nexus 135
Salient features of Indian Constitution
1. Constitutional right to a speedy trial 127 34. Producer Price Index 135

2. Article 341 of the Constitution 127 35. Stablecoins 136

3. Right to be forgotten 128 36. Credit-Deposit (CD) ratios 136

Functioningof Parliamentand State Legislatures 37. Zombie Start-ups 136

4. Expunction Powers 128 38. Vizhinjam International Seaport 137

5. Anand Marriage Act 128 39. Inverse ETF 137

6. Immunity to governors 128 40. Global Capability Centres (GCCS) 137

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INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

41. Greenium 138 76. "White category' sectors 147

42. Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) 138 77. Climate Finance Action Fund (CFAF) 147

43. Prompt corrective action framework 138 78. Project Tiger 147

44. Pumped Storage Hydropower 138 79. Species in News: 148

Agriculture Defence
45. Minimum Support Price (MSP) 139 80. Rudram-1 153

Science &TechnologY 81. NOMADIC ELEPHANT 153

46. Al washing 13 82. INDIA- THAILAND JOINT MILITARY EXERCISE MAI
47. Eco-friendly supercapacitors 139 TREE 153

48. Snowblind malware 140 83. Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)
Agreement 154
49. Zinc's role in making legumes resilient to climate
change 140 84. Hamas 154
 3. Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle 123 17. U-WIN 131
4. Ahom 'Moidam' 123 18. CULTURAL MAPPING OF VILLAGES 131

5. Bhojshala Temple-Kamal Maula Mosque complex 19. DIGIPIN (Digital Postal Index Number) 132
123 20. PM Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyaan 132

6. Vishnupad and Mahabodhi temples 124 21. SAFAL Test Cycle 2024 to Reduce Exam Stress 132
7. Kalarippayattu 124 22. External Cooperation 132

8. Sangameshwara temple 124 International Relations

9. Charaideo Moidams 124 23. International North-South Transport Corridor 133
10. NATIONAL MISSION FOR MANUSCRIPTS 124 24. Colombo Process 133

11. Monastery of Saint Hilarion/Tell Umm Amer 125 25. Kartarpur Corridor 133

History 26. International Maritime Organization (|MO) 134

12. Santhal Hul 1295 27. Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) for organic
13. Bastille Day 126 products 134

Geography 28. Resolution on Ukraine's nuclear safety 134

14. Palm Trees 126 29. Carbon crediting mechanism 134

15. Aphelion Point 126 30. Cultural Property Agreement 134

16. Sea Groynes 126 GS-3

17. Denisovans 127 IndianEconomy.
18. Rogue waves 127 31. Ways and Means Advances (WMA) 135

GS-2 32. eSankhyiki portal 135

Salient features of Indian Constitution 33. Project Nexus 135

1. Constitutional right to a speedy trial 127 34. Producer Price Index 135

2. Article 341 of the Constitution 127 35. Stablecoins 136

3. Right to be forgotten 128 36. Credit-Deposit (CD) ratios 136

Functioning of Parliament and State Legislatures 37. Zombie Start-ups 136

4. Expunction Powers 128 38. Vizhinjam International Seaport 137

128 39. Inverse ETF 137

Anand Marriage Act
6. Immunity to governors 128 40. Global Capability Centres (GCCS) 137

4 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRs 30

41. Greenium 138 76. "White category' sectors 147

42. Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) 138 77. Climate Finance Action Fund (CFAF) 147

43. Prompt corrective action framework 138 78. Project Tiger 147

44. Pumped Storage Hydropower 138 79. Species in News: 148

Agriculture Defence
45. Minimum Support Price (MSP) 139 80. Rudram-1 153

Science &Technology 81. NOMADIC ELEPHANT 153

46. Al washing 139 82. INDIA- THAILAND JOINT MILITARY EXERCISE MAI
47. Eco-friendly supercapacitors 139 TREE 153

48. Snowblind malware 140 83. Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)
Agreement 154
49. Zinc's role in making legumes resilient to climate
change 140 84. Hamas 154

50. Desert Moss: Syntrichia caninervis 140 85. Pralay Missiles 154

51. Li-Fi technology 140 86. Triput class frigates 155

52. Aditya-L1 Mission 141 Disaster Management

53. 3D hologram technology 141 87. Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) 155

54. MASH (Metabolic dysfunction-associated steato Internal Security

hepatitis) 141 88. Money Mule 155

55. Regenerative braking 142 89. Camcopter S-100 155

56. Mitochondrial donation 142 90. The Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (14C)
57. MeDevlS platform 142 156
91. Reports in News 156
58. Mineral nanoparticles with water 143

59. Time crystal 143 92. MAPPING 162

60. NASA's CHAPEA project 143 INTERNATIONAL

61. Tirzepatide 143 1. Minami-Torishima island (Japan) 162

62. MV Sea Change 143 2. Mackenzie River 163

63. Electroencephalogram (EEG) 144 3. Rwanda 163

4. Ivory Coast 164
64. Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
(CEPI) 144 5. Peru - Mashco Piro tribes 164
65. Chandipura virus 144 6. Jabiluka uranium site (Australia) 165
66. Lunar cave 144 7. Golan Heights (Isreal) 165

67. GROWTH-India telescope 144 8. Gobi Desert (China) 166

68. Oropouche fever 144 INDIAN
69. Spoofing 145 9. Shyok River (Ladakh) 166

10. Koyna, Maharashtra 167

Environment &Ecology
70. Megafauna 145 11. Siang River 167

71. Global Conclave on Plastic Recycling and Sustain 12. Drone tested at Ladakh's Umling La pass 168
ability (GCPRS) 145

72. Valorization of Dredged Sediments 146

73. GearShift Challenge 146

74. Dual-tower solar thermal plant 146

75. Artificial reefs 146

5 www.insightsonindia.com
 Table of Contents
1. POLITY AND GOVERNANCE 3.11.4. RBI Directions on Fraud Risk Management 55

3.11.5. Ways and Means Advances Scheme 59

1.1. Special Packages 4
1.2. Auditing of Local Bodies 5 3.11.6. Domestic Money Transfer (DMT) 59
3.11.7. Financial Inclusion index 59
1.3. Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 8
3.11.8. New SEBI Guidelines for Credit Rating Agencies
1.4. Constitution of India and France
(CRAS) 60
1.4.1. Election of Prime Minister in Nepal 11
3.11.9. Inverse ETF 60
1.5. News in Shorts 3.11.10. SEHER Program 60
1.5.1. Cabinet Committees 11
3.11.11. Survey of Unincorporated Enterprises in India 61
1.5.2. Constitutional Morality 12
4. SECURITY 62
1.5.3. Reconstitution of NITI Aayog 12
1.5.4. Article 341 13
4.1. Terrorism in J&K
1.5.5. President returns bill passed by Punjab Legislative 4.2. National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS)_64
Assembly 13 4.3. Security of Indian Dignitaries 66
1.5.6. Supreme Court's Judgment on Mineral Taxation 14 4.4. News in Shorts 6
4.4.1. IT disruptions and impact on Critical Services 67
1.5.7. Foreigners Tribunals 14

1.5.8. Central Information Commission (CIc) 15 4.4.2. Urban Naxalism 67

1.5.9. Common Service Centres 15 4.4.3. SEBEX 2-New Explosive Formulation 68

1.5.10. Sampoornata Abhiyan 15 4.4.4. Rudram-1 68
1.5.11, Errata 16 4.4.5. Zorawar Tank 68
4.4.6. Exercises in News 69
2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
4.4.7. Errata 69
2.1. Instability in India's Neighbourhood 17
2.2. International Humanitarian Law 19 5. ENVIRONMENT 70
2.3. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCo). 5.1. High Seas Treaty 70
2.4. India-Russia Relations 5.2. Urban Development and Disaster Resilience_73
2.5. India-United Kingdom Relations 28 5.3. Landslides 75
2.6. India-Pacific Islands Nations Relations 5.4. International Solar Alliance (ISA) 76
2.7. Western Indian Ocean 5.5. Great Indian Bustard 79
5.6. Soil Health R1
2.8. News in Shorts 33
2.8.1. India Joins UN led Conference on Afghanistan in 5.7. News in Shorts 82
Doha 33 5.7.1. FAO released State of the World's Forests 2024
2.8.2. Colombo Security Conclave (CsC) Report 82
2.8.3. Colombo Process 34 5.7.2. United Nations Water Convention 83
2.8.4. MERCOSUR 34 5.7.3. Navigating New Horizons, A Foresight Report
2.8.5. Role of Education/Research in the Rise of Global Released by UNEP 83

Powers 34 5.7.4. Climate Change and Marginal Farmers 83

2.8.6. Tibet-China Dispute 35 5.7.5. Spring Initiative 84

2.8.7. Jan Aushadhi Kendra inaugurated in Mauritius 35 5.7.6. Fund for responding to Loss and Damage 84

3. ECONOMY 37 5.7.7. Air pollution harms pollinators More: Study 84

37 5.7.8. White paper on Glacial Geoengineering

3.1. Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) 5.7.9. Dual Tower Solar Thermal Plant 85
3.2. Angel Tax 5.7.10. CITES Released Report on Rosewood
3.3. Gig Economy
3.4. Transshipment Port 43 1.11. AqukaunaMalaccensis (agarwood)
5.6.12.
86
87
3.5. India's Structural Transformation 45 5.7.12. Jerdon's Courser
3.6. Space Economy 5.7.13. Wolbachia Bacteria
3.7. Sustainable Development Goals 5.7.14. Syntrichia Caninervis
3.8. E-mobility 5.7.15. Araku Coffee B7

3.9. City Gas Distribution (CGD) Network 5.7.16. Unming La Pass 87

3.10. Coal Sector in India 6. SOCIAL ISSUES 89

3.11. News in Shorts 6.1. India's Sports Ecosystem 89
3.11.1. World Bank Group Guarantee Platform (WBG GP) 6.2. News in Shorts 91
57 6.2.1. Immunisation in India 91
3.11.2. SAARC Currency Swap Arrangement 6.2.2. WHO Tobacco Cessation Guideline 91
3.11.3. Credit-Deposit (CD) Ratio 6.2.2. State of Food Security and Nutrition a1

1 www.visionias.in OVision IAS

6.2.4. Operation Nanhe Farishtey 92 7.5.19. International Mathematical Olympiad 107

7. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 93 8. CULTURE 109
7.1. Genetically Modified (GM) Crops 93 8.1. Assam's Charaideo Moidam 109
7.2. National Green Hydrogen Mission 95 8.2. Pilgrim Corridor Projects 111
7.3. Facial Recognition Technology 98 8.3. News in Shorts 114
7.4. India's Ballistic Missile Defence Program 99 8.3.1. Shree Jagannath Temple 114
7.5. News in Shorts 101 8.3.2. World's Oldest Cave Painting 114

7.5.1. Global INDIAai Summit 2024 101 8.3.3. Apatani Tribe 114
101 8.3.4. Mascho Piro (Mysterious Tribe) 115
7.5.2. Quantum Governance
7.5.3. Snowblind Malware 102 8.3.5. Indian Newspaper Society (INS) 119
7.5.4. Naturally Existing DNA Editing Tool 102 9. ETHICS 116
7.5.5. Mitochondrial Disease (Mito) 103 9.1. Good Life: The Art of Balancing Work and Leisure
7.5.6. Monoclonal Antibodies 103 116
7.5.7. Electroencephalography (EEG) 103
9.2. Public Infrastructure and Public Service Delivery
7.5.8. Aditya-L1 Completes its First Halo Orbit 103 118
7.5.9. Planetary Defense 104
105
9.3. Conflict of Interests of Public Officials 120
7.5.10. Mars Odyssey Orbiter
7.5.11. Lunar Cave 105 9.4. Ethics of Online Gaming 122

7.5.12. Small Modular Reactors (SMRS) 105 10. SCHEMES IN NEWS 126
7.5.13. Tokamak Fusion Reactor 105 10.1. Smart City Mission 126
7.5.14. Li-Fi Technology. 106 11. PLACES IN NEWS 128
7.5.15. Steel Slag 107 12. PERSONALITIES IN NEWS 129
7.5.16. Dark Oxygen, 107
13. APPENDIX: CURRENT STATUS OF SDGS 132
7.5.17. Denisovan 107
7.5.18. Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) 107

Smart Content
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 7. Uttar Pradesh's anti-conversion law made more
Stringent 25
INSIDE 8. Draft Wagf (Amendment) Bill 2024
9. Organ Donation in India 27

GENERAL STUDIES -1 10. Draft Broadcast Services Bill 2024 29

Topics: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art 11. National Commission for Allied &Healthcare Pro
fessions Act 2021 30
Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern
times. 12. Impact Assessment of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yoja
32
1. States Push for Greater Autonomy in Promoting
Classical Languages 6 13. Jal Jeevan Mission Completes Five-Year 33

Topics: Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. 14. Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) 34
2. Himachal Pradesh Raises the Bar: Marriage Age 15. 10 vears of PM Jhan Dhan Yojana 36
Now 21 7
Topics: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the
Topics: Women and women related issues. population by the Centre and States and the performance
3. Issue of Women Safety in India 8 of these schemes.
Justice Hema Committee Report Released 9 16. Multidimensional Vulnerability Index (MVI)
launched by UN 37
5. Beyond Fear: The Hidden Psychological Toll on
Women's Safety 10 Topics: Issues relating to development and management of
Topics: Distribution of key natural resources across the Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
world(including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent) Resources,
6. Geothermal Power Potential in India 12 17. Counting Nutritional Deficiency Among the Poor 38
18. Universal Health Coverage in India: Reducing the
Topics: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earth Poor's Health Burden 40
quakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc. geographi
cal features and their location- changes in critical geograph 19. WHO: Monkeypox is a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern 42
0cal features (including water-bodies. and ice-caps) and in
flora and fauna and the effects of such changes. 20. India's Silent Epidemic: The Growing Mental Health
Crisis 43
7. Atmospheric Rivers: 'Flying Rivers' Causing Devas
tating Floods 14 21. India's Fight Against TB: Aiming for a Future With
8. Addressing Coastal Erosion: Challenges and Solu out Tuberculosis 45
tions 15 Topics:Importantaspects of governance, transparency and
GENERAL STUDIES -2 accountability, e-governance applications. models, success:
Topics: Structure, organization and functioning of the Exec es, limitations, and potential: citizens charters,transparen
utive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the cy &accountability and institutional and other measures.
Government: pressure groups and formal/informal associa 22. Supreme Court's Landmark Decision: SC/ST
Sub-Classification Redefined 46
tions and their role in the Polity.
1. Bail is the Rule, and Jail is the Exception 17 23. US Antitrust Ruling Against Google 48

2. Supreme Court as Custodian of Liberties 18 24. G4 nations: UNSC "ill-equipped' to address global
challenges 51
Topics: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, pow
ers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional 25. Lateral Entry into the Civil Services 53
Bodies, 26. Union Government Rolls Out Revamped Grievance
3. Revamping Election Commissions: Igniting Grass Handling Guidelines 54

roots Democracy 20 Topics: India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Topics: Government policies and interventions for devel 27. Bangladesh Crisis: Ouster of Sheikh Hasina's Gov
opment in various sectors and issues arising. out of their ernment 55
design andimplementation. Topics: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agree
4. In the dark without vital data 22 ments involving India and/or affecting India's interests.
5. Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak 2024 23 28. India-Japan Relations 57

6. The Oilfields (Regulation and Development) 29. 3rd Voice of Global South Summit: India's 'Global
Amendment Bill, 2024 24 Compact' s9

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INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

30. PM's visit to Ukraine 60 cation networks, role of media and social networking sites
31. US-India Relations: Steady Ties in a Shifting Political in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security:
Landscape 61 money-laundering and its prevention.
Topics: Effect of policies and politics of developed and de 17. Convention Against Cybercrime 37

veloping cOuntries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. GENERAL STUDIES - 4

32. Contributions of Indian diaspora to US Society 63 18. The Ethics of Hunger Strikes as a Mode of Protest 88
GENERAL STUDIES - 3 19. P.R. Sreejesh 89

Topics:Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, 20. Mohanlal Pledges Rs 3 Crore for Wayanad Rehabili
mobilization of resources, growth, development and em tation

ployment. 21. Al needs cultural policies, not just regulation 90

1. World Bank Report 2024: Middle-Income Trap 64 22. Network of Women in Media, India (NWMI) Guide
2. RBI keeps REPO RATE unchanged 66 lines 91
3. Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024 68 23. Moral Pressure and Human Rights Compliance
4. Limitations of E-Commerce in India 69 24. Unveiling Ethical Dilemmas in Malayalam Cinema
Topics: Major crops cropping patterns in various parts Industry 93

of the country, different types of irrigation andirrigation 25. Pavel Durov's Arrest: Unpacking the Ethical Storm
Systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural Surrounding Telegram's CEO 95

produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in 26. Al's Ethical Dilemma: Balancing Corporate Gains
the aid of farmers. with Responsibility 95
5. Agricultural Innovation Takes Centre Stage in Union CONTENT FOR MAINS ENRICHMENT
Budget 72
1, IAS Oofficer Manish Bansal 97
6. Livestock Sector in India 73
2. Dark Tourism 97
Topics: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Rail 3. Vinesh Phogat's Inspiring Journey to the Olympics
ways etc. 97
Bio-Economy in India 75
4. Arunachal Pradesh: Free School For Orphans 98
Topics: Science and Technology- developments and their 5. Movie Laapataa Ladies Screened at Supreme Court
applications and effectsin everydaylife Achievements of In 98
dians in science &technology:indigenization of technology 6. Nagaland's DRTPS Initiative 98
and developing new technology. 7. Grain ATM 98
8. Cabinet Greenlights Game-Changing Biotech Manu
8. The Silent Bicycle Revolution 99
facturing Boost 76
9. Benefits of Bamboo Cultivation 99
Topics: Awareness in space.
9. India's Space Programme: Key Updates Since Chan 10. Australia Grants Workers 'Right to Disconnect'
drayaan-3 78 FACTS FOR PRELIMS; GS-1
Topics: Conservation related issues, environmental pollu Art & Culture
tion and degradation, environmental impact assessment. 1. Kerala's Jewish communities 100
10. Microplastics found in Human Brain Tissue 79 2. Stonehenge's centre stone 100
11. Voluntary Vehicle Modernization Program 80 3. National Film Awards 100
tion and degradation, environmental impact assessment. 1. Kerala's Jewish communities 100
10. Microplastics found in Human Brain Tissue 79 2. Stonehenge's centre stone 100

11. Voluntary Vehicle Modernization Program 3. National Film Awards 100

12. Rajasthan's Water Woes: Record Fluorine Levels History
Spark Crisis 81
4. History of clock 100
13. Tragedy in Kuno: Cheetah's Death Lin ked to Sus Society
pected Drowning 82 5. Dhangars 101
Topics: Disaster and management Geography
14. Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill 2024 83 101
6. Copper
15. Review of Dam Design to handle Glacial Lake Out 7. Wainganga-Nalganga river linking project 101
burst Floods (GLOFS) 84
102
8. Pyrocumulonimbus clouds
16. Recent Industrial Accidents Highlight Safety Con 9. Vertical rise of stable landforms 102
cerns 85
10. Tantalum 102
Topics: Challenges to internal security through communi 11. Geographical Structures in the Indian Ocean 103

3 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

12. Waterspout 103 47. WGC Raises india's Gold Consumption Forecast to
13. Mass Wasting 103 850 Tonnes 113

14. Creation of five new districts in Ladakh 104 48. Payment Passkey Service 113
GS-2 Infrastructure
49. High-speed road corridor projects 114
Functioning of Parliament and State Legislatures
15. Anticipatory Bail under SC/ST act 104 Agriculture
16. Central financial assistance (CFA) 104 50. Open Market Sale Scheme 114
51. Kasturi Cotton Bharat 114
Social Justice
17. Literacy and Full Literacy Defined by MoE 104 52. Clean Plant Programme 114

Judiciary 53. Nitrogen-use efficiency in Indian rice varieties 115

18. Senior advocates 105 54. National Pest Surveillance System (NPSS) 115
55. Eri Silk 115
Governance
19. NATS 2.0 Portal 10 56. ISDra2TnpB 115
20. One DAE One Subscription 105 57. Agricultural Infrastructure Fund 116

21. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) 2.0 Science &Technology

105 58. Kalpakkam fast breeder reactor 116
22. India Rankings 2024 106 59. Nano-MIND technology 116
23. First Information Report (FIR) 106 60. mRNA vaccine development against human avian
24. BHAVISHYA 106 influenza (H5N1) 116
25, Portals in News 106 61. Genetic screening 117
26. Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) 107 62. Kindlins 117
27. Jan Poshan Kendras 107 63. WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre (GTMC)
107 117
28. Seaplane Operation Guidelines
29. FSSAI Orders Removal of Al, A2 Milk Claims 107 64. FASTags 117
65. Axiom-4 mission 118
30. Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhi
yaN (PM-JANMAN) 108 66. Dark patterns 118

67. Analogue research station 118

31. National Medical Register Portal 109
68. Vampire star 118
32. Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training (RE
SET) Programme 109 69. Antibiotic resistant bacteria 119

International Relations 70. Sub-zero temperature batteries 119

33. Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (|PEF) 109 71. Anaemia Mukt Bharat 119
34. Geneva Conventions of 1949 110 72. Sucralose 119

35. Orangutan diplomacy 110 73. Tribo-Electric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology 120
36. Pacific Policing Initiative 110 74. Hypervirulent superbug 120
GS-3 75. Bio-bitumen 120

Indian Economy. 76. DNA profiling 120

37. Fully Accessible Route (FAR) 111 77. Clinical trial 121
38. Sovereign green bond 111 78. Digital watermarking 121

39. Yen carry trades 111 79. Perseid meteor shower 121
40. Debt for Development Swaps (Debt Swap) 111 80. Dysbiosis 121
41. Continuous Clearing of Cheques 112 81. Technological doping 121
42. Overnight index swap (01S) market 112 82. Spintronic 122
43. Rapid Innovation and Start-up Expansion (RISE) 83. Amplitude of the solar cycle 122
Accelerator 112 84. Prokaryotes 122
44. AllIndia Initiative on Creative Economy (AlICE) 112 85. Thriving communities of microbes in microwave
45. Perpetual bond 112 ovens 122
46. Unified Lending Interface 113 86. EOS-O8 Earth Observation Satellite 123

4 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRs 30

87. Californium 123 128. Sonoluminescence 134

88. Micro-and Nano-Plastics as Emerging Food Contam 129 Northern bald ibis 134
inants 123 130. Dhaincha and Green Manuring 134
89. Liquid water on Mars 123
Disaster Management
90. Hayflick limit 124 131 Megaquake advisory 135
91. Mercury bomb 124 132. 'FloodWatch India' app 135
92. Quantum nonlocality 124 133. Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube
93. Super Blue Moon 124 135
94. JUICE Mission 124 Defence
95. Anaphylaxis 125 134. Directed Energy Weapons 135

96. Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) 125 135. Long-range glide bomb (LRGB) 136
97. Elemental Abundance Measurements of Lunar Soil 136. Tarang Shakti 136
125 137. Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack
98. Heaviest Antimatter Particle Discovered 125 136
99. Lung cancer vaccine 126 138. ICG Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre
ndia colol Gret 137
 105 58. Kalpakkam fast breeder reactor 116
22. India Rankings 2024 106 59. Nano-MIND technology 116
23. First Information Report (FIR) 106 60. mRNA vaccine development against human avian
24. BHAVISHYA 106 influenza (H5N1) 116
25. Portals in News 106 61. Genetic screening 117

26. Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) 107 62. Kindlins 117
27. Jan Poshan Kendras 107 63. WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre (GTMC)
117
28. Seaplane Operation Guidelines 107
29. FSSAI Orders Removal of A1, A2 Milk Claims 107 64. FASTags 117
65. Axiom-4 mission 118
30. Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhi
66. Dark patterns 118
yaN (PM-JANMAN) 108
31. National Medical Register Portal 109 67. Analogue research station 118

68. Vampire star 118

32. Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training (RE
SET) Programme 109 69. Antibiotic resistant bacteria 119

International Relations 70. Sub-zero temperature batteries 119

33. Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) 109 71. Anaemia Mukt Bharat 119

34. Geneva Conventions of 1949 110 72. Sucralose 119

35. Orangutan diplomacy 110 73. Tribo-Electric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology120
36. Pacific Policing Initiative 110 74. Hypervirulent superbug 120
GS-3 75. Bio-bitumen 120

Indian Economy 76. DNA profiling 120

37. Fully Accessible Route (FAR) 111 77. Clinical trial 121
38. Sovereign green bond 111 78. Digital watermarking 121
39. Yen carry trades 111 79. Perseid meteor shower 121

40. Debt for Development Swaps (Debt Swap) 111 80. Dysbiosis 121

41. Continuous Clearing of Cheques 112 81. Technological doping 121

42. Overnight index swap (O1S) market 112 82. Spintronic 122
43. Rapid Innovation and Start-up Expansion (RISE) 83. Amplitude of the solar cycle 122
Accelerator 112 84. Prokaryotes 122
44. All India Initiative on Creative Economy (AlICE) 112 85. Thriving communities of microbes in microwave
45. Perpetual bond 112 ovens 122

46. Unified Lending Interface 113 86. EOS-08 Earth Observation Satellite 123

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INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

87. Californium 123 128. Sonoluminescence 134

88. Micro-and Nano-Plastics as Emerging Food Contam 129 Northern bald ibis 134
inants 123 130 Dhaincha and Green Manuring 134

89. Liquid water on Mars 123 Disaster Management

90. Hayflick limit 124 131. Megaquake advisory 135
91. Mercury bomb 124 132. "FloodWatch India' app 135
92. Quantum nonlocality 124 133. Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube
93. Super Blue Moon 124 135
94. JUICE Mission 124 Defence
95. Anaphylaxis 125 134. Directed Energy Weapons 135

96. Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) 125 135. Long-range glide bomb (LRGB) 136
97. Elemental Abundance Measurements of Lunar Soil 136. Tarang Shakti 136
125 137. Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack
98. Heaviest Antimatter Particle Discovered 125 136
99. Lung cancer vaccine 126 138. ICG Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre
100 India celebrates its first-ever National Space 137
Day 126 139. India Commissions INS Arighaat 137
101. RHUMI-1 126 Internal Security
102. Tanager-1 127 140. Ransomware attack 138
103. Leptospirosis 127 141. Village Defence Guards 138
104. Solar paraboloid technology 127 142. Reports in News 138
105. Combination drugs 127 MAPPING
106 Oral cholera vaccine 128 INTERNATIONAL
107 Codon deoptimization technology 128 1. China Completes Bridge Near Pangong Lake 140
108. Quasars 128 2. Lake Turkana 141
109. Chandipura virus 129 3. St Martin's Island 142

Environment &Ecology 4. Kursk region 142

110 Saffron 129 5. Panama Canal 143
111. Sturgeon 120 6. South China Sea 143

112. Woody encroachment 12 7. Shiveluch volcano 144

113. Four-ringed butterfly 130 8. Botswana 144

114. Methane mitigator 130 9. Chile's Atacama salt flat 145

115. Miombo forest
130 INDIAN
116. Indian Siris 130 10. Krishna Raja Sagar (KRS) dam 146
117. Antarctica's deep-winter heatwave 131 11. Omkareshwar Floating Solar Park, Madhya Pradesh
118. Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for 147
Services (PCAPS) 131 12. Tungabhadra dam 147
119 Neelakurinji 131 13. Galathea Bay - Great Nicobar Island 148
120 Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar) 131 14. Gumti River (Tripura) 149
121. Forever chemicals 132 15. Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary 150
122. Ballast water 132
123. Three new wetlands in the Ramsar site tag
13
124 Green Tug Transition Program (GTTP) 133
125. Malabar Tree Toad 133
126. Zoopharmacognosy 134
127. Blueberries 134

5 www.insightsonindia.com
hAMEAUADJeENFAUR BHOPAL|CHANDIGARH |DELHI |GUWAHATI| HYDERABAD|JAIPUR|JODHPUR| LUCKNOW |PRAVBSRAJPUNEU8ANGUm/

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Table of Contents
1. POLITY AND GOVERNANCE 4 3.8.6. Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024 introduced
1.1. Sub-classification of Schedules Castes in Lok Sabha 62

3.8.7. RBI revised NPAS Provision Norms for Co-operative

1.2. Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSs) Banks 62
1.3. Citizen Participation towards Good Governance
3.8.8. Front Running 63

3.8.9. White Category Sectors

1.4. Lateral Entry in Civil Services 10
3.8.10. Climate Resilient and Biofortified Varieties of
1.5. Surrogate Advertisements 12 Crops Released 64

1.6. Uniform Civil Code (UCC) 14 3.8.11. Open Market Sale Scheme (OMSS) (Domestic) 64
1.7. Legislative Impact Assessment 16 3.8.12. NITI Aayog's Report on Seaweed Value Chain 64
1.8. News in Shorts 18 3.8.13. Grain ATM_ 69

1.8.1. State of Infrastructure in District Courts 18 3.8.14. Jan Poshan Kendras 66

1.8.2. Anticipatory Bail under SC/ST Act, 1 3.8.15. Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak 2024 Introduced in
1.8.3. Delimitation Commission 19 the Lok Sabha
1.8.4. Boilers Bill, 2024 introduced in Rajya Sabha 10 3.8.16. QCI Surajya Recognition & Ranking Framework 66
2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 21 3.8.17. Lithium Reserves in India 67
3.8.18. Tantalum 68
2.1. India and Global South 21
2.1.1. Global Development Compact 23 4. SECURITY 69
2.2. 10 Years of India's Act East Policy 24 4.1. 25 years of India's Nuclear doctrine 69
2.2.1. India Vietnam Relations 26 4.2. News in Shorts 71

2.2.2. India Malaysia Relations 27 4.2.1. India's First Reusable Hybrid Rocket Named
2.3. India-Central And Eastern Europe Relations 29 RHUMI-1 Launched 71

2.3.1. India-Poland Relationship 31 4.2.2. Astra Mark 1 Missiles 71

2.4. India-Ukraine Relationship 31 4.2.3. Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile 71

4.2.4. GAURAV 72
2.5. Para-Diplomacy 33
4.2.5. Exercises in News 72
2.6. South China Sea Tensions & International Trade
35 5. ENVIRONMENT 73
2.7. News in Shorts 37 5.1. The Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill,
2024 73
2.7.1. Indian American Diaspora 37
2.7.2. India elected as Vice-Chair of IPEF's Supply Chain 5.1.1. Technology in Disaster Management & Risk
Council 38
Reduction (DMRR)
2.7.3. Saint Martin's Island 38 5.2. Renewable Energy (RE) in lndia 76
2.7.4. Kursk Region 39 5.3. Sea Level Rise 78
2.7.5. Errata 5.4. River Linking Project 80
3. ECONOMY 10 5.5. News in Shorts 83
3.1. New Schemes for Agriculture Sector 5.5.1. State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC)83
3.1.1. Digital Agriculture Mission 4 5.5.2. Gross Environment Product Index 83
3.1.2. Livestock Sector in India 44 5.5.3. World Bank released "The Impact of Climate
3.1.3. Horticulture Sector in India 4 Change on Education" Report
3.2. National Pest Surveillance System (NPSS) 48 5.5.4. Climate Finance Action Fund (CFAF)
5.5.5. EU Nature Restoration Law 84
3.3, Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana 50
52 5.5.6. Aquatic Deoxygenation
3.4. Creative Economy,
5.5.7. India's Three More WNetlands Added to Ramsar
3.5. Model Skill Loan Scheme 54
Sites List
3.6. Transit Oriented Development 56
5.5.8. "The State of the World's Mangroves 2024" Report
3.7. Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG) & Indexation
Benefit 59 5.5.9. Methanotrophs
3.8. News in Shorts 60 5.5.10. Ceropegia Shivrayiana
3.8.1. UN Global Tax Treaty 50 5.5.11. Neelakurinii R7

3.8.2. Non-Tariff Measures (NTMS) 61 5.5.12. Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) 87
3.8.3. Debt-for-Development Swaps (Debt Swaps) 61 5.5.13. Integrated Fire Management (IFM) Voluntary
3.8.4. World Trade Statistical Review (WTSR) 2023 61 Guidelines Updates 87
3.8.5. Global Employment Trends (GET) for Youth 2024 5.5.14. SOP for Green Tug Transition Program (GTTP)
Report 6 launched 88

1 www.visionias.in OVision JAS

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5.5.15. Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services 7.6.2. Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) 108
(PCAPS) 7.6.3. Ladakh as Martian/Lunar Analogue 108
5.5.16. Atmospheric Rivers 80 7.6.4. Technological Doping 109
5.5.17. Indian Ocean Structures Named Ashok, 7.6.5. Antimatter 109
Chandragupt and Kalpataru 89 7.6.6. Thorium Molten Salt Nuclear Plant 109
5.5.18. Deepest Rock Sample from Earth's Mantle 7.6.7. Plant Genome Editing Tool "1SDra2TnpB 10
Obtained 7.6.8. WHO declared Mpox PHEIC 10
6. SOCIAL ee
ISSUES 9 7.6.9. Dengue 111

6.1. Safety of Healthcare Professional 92 7.9.10. Serosurvey 11

111
7.6.11. Hayflick Limit 111
6.2. Mental Health of Students 93
7.6.12. Biosurfactants 112
6.3. News in Shorts 95
8. CULTURE 113
6.3.1. UNESCO released 'Sport and Gender Equality Game
Plan' 8.1. Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) 113
6.3.2. NIRF Ranking 2024 96 8.2. News in Shorts 114
6.3.3. Adolescents in India 8.2.1. Gallantry Awards 114
6.3.4. Model Foster Care Guidelines, 2024 8.2.2. National Film Awards 115
6.3.5. Bagless Days 8.2.3. Errata 115
6.3.6. Habitat Rights for Juanga T
Tribe 97 9 ETHICS 116
7. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 99 9.1. Emotional Intelligence 116
7.1. BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, 9.2. Social influence and Persuasion in times of Social
Environment and Employment) Media and Influencers 118
7.2. National Space Day 101 10. SCHEMES IN NEWws 121
7.3. Fixed Dose Combination Drugs 103 10.1. AgriSURE (Agri Fund for Start-ups & Rural
7.4. A1 and A2 Milk 10 Enterprises) Scheme 121
7.5. Directed Energy Weapons 106 10.2. PM KUSUM 122
7.6. News in Shorts 107 11. PLACES IN NEWS 124
7.6.1. ISRO launches Earth Observation Satellite EOS-08
107
12. PERSONALITIES IN NEWS 125

"You are as strong as your Foundation"

FOUNDATION COURSE
GENERAL STUDIES
PRELIMS CUM MAINS

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2025,2026 &2027 analytical ability in
rquestions of P

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 8. Manual Scavenging Survey 26

Topics: India and its neighbourhood- relations.

INSIDE 9. Call for Modification of the Indus Waters Treaty
(IWT) 27

GENERAL STUDIES - 1 10. LAC issue 29

Topics: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art 11. South China Sea 30
Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern Topics: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agree
times. ments involving India and/or affecting India's interests.
1. 100 Years of Rediscovery: Unveiling the Indus Valley 12. India- UAE Relationship 32
Civilization 6
13. Turkey's bid to join BRICS 33
Topics: The Freedom Struggle - its various stages andim 14. India's Power Play at the Quad Summit 35
portant contributors /contributions from different parts of Topics: Important International institutions, agencies and
the country. fora, their structure, mandate.
2. Bhagat Singh 7
15. UN Summit of the Future 2024 37
Topics: Women and women related issues. GENERAL STUDIES-3
3. Addressing Gender Discrimination 8
Topics:Indian Economy and issues relating to planning.
Topics: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earth mobilization of resources, growth, development and em
quakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographi: ployment.
cal features and their location-changes in critical geograph 1. Viability of Universal Basic Income in India 38
0cal features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in 2. US Fed Cut Interest Rates and Its Impact on India 40
flora and fauna and the effects of such changes. 3. China Shock 2.0 41
4. Polar lce melt Impact on Monsoon Patterns and
10 4. PLFS Report, 2023-24 41
economy
GENERAL STUDIES -2 Topics: Major crops cropping, patterns in various parts.
Topics: Functions. and responsibilities ofthe Union and the of the country, different types of irigation and irrigation
States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal struc- SYstems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural
ture, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in
and challenges therein. the aid of farmers.
1. Cabinet approved to hold Simultaneous Elections 12 5. Cabinet Greenlights Digital Agriculture Mission:
Farming Meets Innovation 43
Topics: Parliament and State Legislatures-structure, func 6. Government Promoting Nano-Fertilizer 44
tioning, conduct of business, powers &privileges and issues
7. Decline in Jute Production India 45
arising out of these.
2. Analysis of Public Accounts Committee (PAC) 15 8. Cabinet approves the continuation of the Pradhan
Topics: Structure, organization and functioning of the Exec
Mantri Annadata Aay SanraksHan Abhiyan (PM-AA
SHA) 47
utive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the
Government: pressure groups and formal/informal associa: Iopics: Science and Technology- developments and their.
tions and their role in the Polity. applications and effects in everydaylife Achievements of In
3. Supreme at 75: AJourney of Justice, Equality, and dians in science &technology: indigenization of technology.
Rights 16 and developing new technology.
4. Custodial Death Judgement 18 9. Vishvasya-Blockchain Technology Stack 48
10. WH0 Global Framework for Pathogen Origins 50
Topics: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the
population by the Centre and States and the performance Topics: Awareness in space.
of these schemes. 11. Cabinet has approved the Chandrayaan-4 mission
5. West Bengal's Aparajita Women and Child Bill2024
19 Topics: Awareness in the fields of IT, Computers, robotics,
6. Health Coverage for All senior citizens aged 70 21 nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to.
7. Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Material 24 intellectual propertyrights.

www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRs 30

12. Centre's BioE3 Policy: Harnessing Biotechnology for 5. UNESCO Calls for Open Science Principles in Al 87
Economic Development 54 6. Driven to Death: The Hidden Perils of Overwork 89
13. Al-Powered Primary-Care Physician for Every Indian CONTENT FOR MAINS ENRICHMENT
56
1. Queer &Financially Clear: Open Joint Bank Ac
Topics: Conservation related issues, environmental pollu counts with Pride! 90
tion and degradation, environmental impact assessment. 2. Empowering Pride: Government Initiatives for the
14. Role of Methane in Climate Change 56
LGBTQl+ Community 90
15. India, Not China, Tops Global Plastic Emissions: 3. "Black Coat Syndrome' 90
Study 57
4. California's New Law on Deceased Personalities'
16. Report: India's Strategy to Avoid Harm in the Global Likeness 91
EV Market Shake-Up 61
5. Taliban's new "morality law" 91
17. Prime Minister unveils Vision for India as Green
6. Story of Midwives in Bihar 91
Hydrogen Hub 62
7. China is raising retirement ages 92
18. Project Cheetah 65
8. Commons and the Need for Community Leadership
19. Air Pollution 66
92

Topics: Disaster and management. 9. Periyar EV Ramasamy 93

20. Issues with the Disaster Management (Amend 10. "Kavach" centres: To prevent high rate of child
ment) Bill 2024 68
93
drownings
21. MHA New Fund Norms for Recovery &Reconstruc 93
11. Travel: A Key to Slowing Down Aging
tion (R&R) 69
12. Dr. Mary Poonen Lukose 94
22. Climate change is exacerbating Global Flooding 71
13. Sanju Devi's Journey to Sanitation in Patna 94
23. 5 years of Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastruc
ture (CDRI) 73
14. MoRTH Promotes Use of Urban Waste in Highway
Construction 94
24. Urban Flooding 74
15. Francesca Gino 95
Topics: Challenges to internal security through communi 16. Kolkata's RG Kar Medical College Hospital Probe 95
cation networks, role of media and social networking sites 17. Unethical Hacking 95
in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security:
18. 'Ratri Sathi' initiative 95
money-laundering and its prevention.
25. Drones: The New Face of War 75 19. CJI speech at M.K. Nambyar Memorial Lecture 95

20. CDSCO Drug Alert 96

26. Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Mili
tary Domain (REAIM): Responsible Use ofAl in War 21. BrahMos Aerospace
76 22. Trial of Dominique Pelicot 96

27. FATF launched the Mutual Evaluation Report (MER) 23. Internet shutdown in Bhadrak 96
for India 77
24. SBM Urban 2.0 97

28. Safeguarding the Future: The Imperative for a Na 25. J&K Militancy
tional Security Strategy (NSS) 79
TS EOR PRE
 28. Safeguarding the Future: The Imperative for a Na 25. J&K Militancy 97
tional Security Strategy (NSS) 79
FACTS FOR PRELIMS; GS-1
Topics: Security challenges and their management in border Art& Culture
areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism. 1. Ramon Magsaysay Award 97
29. Border Management: Government to fence the 98
2. Sakthan Thampuran
Myanmar border 80
3. National Florence Nightingale Awards 2024
GENERAL STUDIES - 4
4. Great Stupa of Sanchi 98
1. Fragmented ldentities: Gender Collapse and the 5. Sri Vijaya Puram (Port Blair) 98
Crisis of Individualism 81
6. Karam Festival 99
2. Bulldozer Justice Must End: SC Warns States 82
7. SASTRA Ramanujan Prize gg
3. Corruption: CVC report 83
8. Mehrauli Archaeological Park
4. 'Food vs Fuel', a looming 'Food vs Cars' dilemma 86

3 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

History 40. Operation Sadbhav 108

9. Lothal 41. Cancer Moonshot Initiative 109
10. Sir M Visvesvaraya 100 42. SCO 109
11, Battle of Saragarhi 100
43. The Food Import Rejection Alert portal 109
12. Pillbox 100 44. International Chess Federation (FIDE) Chess Olympi
ad 109
Society
13. Over 100 malnourished children found among Sa 45. Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 110

hariya Tribe 101 46. Child Sexual Exploitative and Abuse Material 110
14. Irula community 101 47. UNSC Reform 110
World History GS-3
15. Munich Agreement 101 Indian Economy.
Geography 48. 'Navratna' status to the state-owned companies 111
16. Cyclone Asna 101 49. Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) 111
17. Salt pan lands 102 50. Financialisation 112
18. Coelacanths 102 51. Foreign venture investors 112
GS-2 52. Nidhi companies 112
Eunctioning of Parliament and StateLegislatures 53. Antitrust investigations 112
19, Lokayukta 102
54. Minerals Security Finance Network 113
20. Clause 6 of the Assam Accord 103 55. T+0 Settlement 113
21. Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) 103 56. Production Linked Incentive 113

Judiciary 57. Global innovation Index 114

22. Supreme Court Ruling on Judges' Elevation 104 58. Paryatan Mitra & Paryatan Didi 114

23. Popular election of judges 104 Agriculture

24. Contempt petition 104 59. AgrisURE Fund & Krishi Nivesh Portal 114
25. Fact-Check Unit 105 60. Pheromone dispenser 115
Governance 61. Pusa-2090 115
26. Dispute Resolution Scheme (e-DRS) 105 Science &Technology
27. Poshan Tracker Initiative 105 62. Mitochondria 116

28. Delay in Census: Govt Dissolves Standing Commit 63. India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 116
tee on Statistics 105
64. Project Strawberry 117
29. Parliamentary Committee on Official Language 65. GNSS-based Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system
(PCOL) 106 117
30. PM E-Drive scheme 106 66. FWD 200B 117
31. Saarthi app 106 67. VISHANU YUDDH ABHYAS 117
32. Rangeen Machhliapp 107
68. India Graphene Engineering and Innovation Centre
33. BHASKAR 107 (IGEIC) Launched 118
34. Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan 107 69. Scientists Advance Unification of Classical & Quan
35. National Centre of Excellence for Animation 107 tum Gravity 118
36. Bio-RIDE Scheme 107 70. NIDHI I-TBIS 118
37. Fast track immigration-trusted traveller programme 71. Night-Time Light Pollution and Alzheimer's Risk 119
108 72. Silicon Carbide (SiC) 119
38. Operation Amrith 108 73. BepiColombo 120

International Resources 74. 'Siddha' drugs 120

39. Colombo Security Conclave Secretariat 108 75. PresVu 120

4 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

76. Mission Mausam 120 113. Project 200 131

77. Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminolo 114. Exercise AIKYA 131
gy (CSTT) 121 Internal Security
78. Neuromorphic computing 121 115. Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations 131
79. MVA-BN vaccine 121 116. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) 132
80. Signal modulation 121 117. GlobE Network 132
81. Integrated Ocean Energy Atlas 121
Defence
82. Centre for Rural Enterprise Acceleration through 118. 'Aravalli' helicopter engines 132
Technology (CREATE) 121 119. Project NAMAN 132
83. Quantum computing 122 120. DF-41 132
84. Pager 123 121. DRDO Deep Technology Initiative 133
85. Mini-moon 123 133
122. ABHED Jackets
86. Bharatiya Antariksh Station 123 134
123. Army Weapons Stock
87. Neuralink's Blindsight 123 124. INDUS-X Summit 134
88. Nanoenzymes 123 125. Report in News 134
89. Sustainable Aviation Fuels 124
 InianECOnomy
Geography 48. 'Navratna' status to the state-owned companies 111
16. Cyclone Asna 101
49. Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) 111
17. Salt pan lands 102 50. Financialisation 112
18. Coelacanths 102 51. Foreign venture investors 112
GS-2 52. Nidhi companies 112

Functioning of Parliament and State Legislatures 53. Antitrust investigations 112

19. Lokayukta 102 54. Minerals Security Finance Network 113
20. Clause 6 of the Assam Accord 103 55. T+0 Settlement 113
21. Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) 103 56. Production Linked Incentive 113
Judiciary 57. Global Innovation Index 114
22. Supreme Court Ruling on Judges' Elevation 104 58. Paryatan Mitra & Paryatan Didi 114
23. Popular election of judges 104 Agriculture
24. Contempt petition 104 59. AgrisURE Fund &Krishi Nivesh Portal 114
25. Fact-Check Unit 105 60. Pheromone dispenser 115

Governance 61. Pusa-2090 115

26. Dispute Resolution Scheme (e-DRS) 105 Science &Technology
27. Poshan Tracker Initiative 105 62. Mitochondria 116
28. Delay in Census: Govt Dissolves Standing Commit 63. India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 116
tee on Statistics 105
64. Project Strawberry 117
29. Parliamentary Committee on Official Language 65. GNSS-based Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system
(PCOL) 106 117
30. PM E-Drive scheme 106 66. FWD 200B 117
31. Saarthi app 106 67. VISHANU YUDDH ABHYAS 117
32. Rangeen Machhli app 107
68. India Graphene Engineering and Innovation Centre
33. BHASKAR 107 (IGEIC) Launched 118
34. Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan 107 69. Scientists Advance Unification of Classical & Quan
35. National Centre of Excellence for Animation 107 tum Gravity 1198

36. Bio-RIDE Scheme 107 70. NIDHI 0-TBIS 118

37. Fast track immigration-trusted traveller programme 71. Night-Time Light Pollution and Alzheimer's Risk 119
108 72. Silicon Carbide (SiC) 119

38. Operation Amrith 108 73. BepiColombo 120

International Resources 74. 'Siddha' drugs 120

39. Colombo Security Conclave Secretariat 108 75. PresVu 120

4 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS
CURRENT AFFAIRS 30
76. Mission Mausam 120 113. Project 200 131
77. Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminolo 114. Exercise AIKYA 131
gy (CSTT) 121 Internal Security
78. Neuromorphic computing 121 115. Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations 131
79, MVA-BN vaccine 121 116. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) 132
80. Signal modulation 121 117. GlobE Network 132
81. Integrated Ocean Energy Atlas 121 pefence
82. Centre for Rural Enterprise Acceleration through 118. 'Aravali' helicopter engines 132
Technology (CREATE) 121
119. Project NAMAN 132
83. Quantum computing 122 120. DF-41 132
84. Pager 123
121. DRDO Deep Technology Initiative 133
85. Mini-moon 123 122. ABHED Jackets 133
86. Bharatiya Antariksh Station 123
123. Army Weapons Stock 134
87. Neuralink's Blindsight 123
124. INDUS-X Summit 134
88. Nanoenzymes 123 125. Report in News 134
89. Sustainable Aviation Fuels 124
MAPPING
90. COMPUTER SECURITY INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAM
INTERNATIONAL
POWER (CSIRT-POWER) 124
1. Sudan 136
91. PARAM Rudra 124
2. Brunei Darussalam 137
92. Semiconductor Fabrication Plant 125
3. Typhoon Yagi (Vietnam) 138
93. First Mission to Venus 125
4. Jordan 139
94. Nipah Virus 125
5. Sri Lanka's New president Anura Kumara Dissanay
Environment &Ecology ake 140
95. Operation Bhediya 126 6. Lebanon 141
96. Air Quality Management Exchange Platform (AQMX) 7. Yemen Attack 142
126
INDIAN
97. Elongated Tortoise 126
8. Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) 143
98. Mikania micrantha 127
9. Gopalpur port 144
99. Myristica swamp forest 127
10. Vizhinjam International Seaport 144
100. Seaweed 127
101. Battery Waste Management (BWM) Rules, 2022
127

102. CO2-to-methanol pilot plant 128

103. Kleptoparasitism 128

104. Naga king chili 128

105. Guidelines for electric vehicle charging stations 128
106. International Big Cat Alliance (BCA) 129

107. Wildlife Habitats Development Scheme 129

108. Rhinos 129
109. CAQM 130
110. Neutrino Fog 130
Disaster & Management
111. Glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) 130
112. Zorawar 131
 Table of Contents
1. POLITY AND GOVERNANCE 3.8. Minerals Security Partnership Finance Network
1.1. One Nation One Election 4 56
1.2. Global Al Governance 6 3.9. Steel Sector in India 58
1.3. Grievance Redressal Mechanism 3.10. India's Dairy Cooperative Sector 60
1.4. Unified Pension Scheme 12 3.11. News in Shorts 62
1.5. News in Shorte 12
13 3.11.1. Financialisation 62
1.5.1. 'Black Coat Syndrome' in Courts 13 3.11.2. Average household
PM
spending on food falls below
hals
1.5.2. Rights of Detenu in Preventive Detention 13 isince 1947: E 1Paper 63
1.5.3. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967 3.11.3. BHASKAR Initiative for India's Startup Ecosystem
14 63

1.5.4. Plea Bargaining 14 3.11.4. Priority Sector Lending 64

1.5.5. 2023 amendment to Rule 3 of IT Rules 2021 14 3.11.5. Unified Lending Interface (ULI) 65

1.5.6. 23rd Law Commission Constituted 16 3.11.6. National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and
1.5.7. Sanction for Prosecuting a Public Servant 16 Development (NaBFID)_ 65

1.5.8. Asian Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions 3.11.7. Perpetual Bonds 66

16 3.11.8. Windfall Tax 66
(ASOSAI)_
1.5.9. Errata 17 3.11.9. Agriculture Infrastructure Fund 66
3.11.10. SPICED Scheme 67
2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 18
3.11.11. Delhi Declaration on Civil Aviation 67
2.1. QUAD 18
4. SECURITY 69
2.2. India's Role in Conflict Resolution 21
23 4.1. Drones and Internal Security 6S
2.3. India-Singapore Relations
26 4.2. FATF Mutual Evaluation Report 2024 71
2.4. Security of Supplies Arrangement (SOSA) 4.3. News in Shorts 74
2.5. Indo-Pacific Oceans initiative (IPOI) 27
4.3.1. Blueprint for Action on Responsible Al in Military
2.6. TAPI Gas Pipeline Project 30
74
2.7. News in Shorts 32
4.3.2. Operation Chakra ll 75
2.7.1. India signed first-of-its-kind agreements under IPEF 4.3.3. Second Arihant-Class submarine INS Arighaat
32
commissioned into indian Navy 76
2.7.2. Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) 32
4.3.4. Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile
2.7.3. UN adopts Pact for the Future at the UN Summit for (VL-SRSAM) 76
the Future 33
5. ENVIRONMENT 77
2.7.4. India, GCC adopt Action Plan for Joint Activities 33
2.7.5. India-Brunei Darussalam Elevate Bilateral Ties to 5.1. Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari 77

'Enhanced Partnership' 34 5.2. Mission Mausam

2.7.6. India-Denmark Green Strategic Partnership 35 5.3. Human-Animal Conflict 80
2.7.7. G4 Nations 35 5.4. News in Shorts 82
2.7.8. India's Military Diplomacy 35 5.4.1. Air Quality Management Exchange Platform
2.7.9. Recent Military Exercises 36 (AQMx) 82

2.7.10. Operaton ed.2024

Sadbhay
2.7.11. Northern United
26
5.4.2. Air Quality and Climate Bulletin
5.4.3. Teal Carbon
84
84
2.7.12. Axis of Resistance 36 5.4.4. Scheme for Hydro Electric Projects (HEP) 8
2.7.13. Fast Track Immigration - Trusted Travellers 5.4.5. Environmental Compensation Guidelines for
Programme (FTI-TTP) 2 Battery Waste Management 86
3. ECONOMY 38 5.4.6. India-Germany Platform for Investments in
Renewable Energies Worldwide 87
3.1. Regional Disparity in Development 38
5.4.7. Energy Transition Principles by UN 87
3.2. Middle Income Trap 40
3.3. Financial Inclusion and 1o Years of PMJDY 41 5.4.8. International Rhino Foundation (IRF) released State
of the Rhino 2024 Report
ars of Indian Microfinance Sector
3.3.1. 50 years 44
54.9. Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats 88
3.4. National Industrial Corridor Development 5.4.10. Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
Programme (CDRI) marks its Fifth Anniversary 89
3.5. Vadhvan Port 47 5.4.11. Tardigrades 90
3.6. PM E-DRIVE SCheme 50 5.4.12. Phrynarachne Decipiens
3.7. Voluntary Vehicle Modernization Program 54 5.4.13. Water Spinach 91
5.4.14. Exercise AIKYA 91

www.visionias.in OVision lAS

5.4.15. Atacama Salt Flat 91 7.7.7. Quasars 126

6. SOCIAL ISSUES 92 7.7.8. Saturn's Rings 126

6.1. Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan 92 7.7.9. NITI Aayog releases Expert Group Report on Future
Pandemic Preparedness 127
6.2. Swachh Bharat Mission 94
7.7.10. Vishanu Yuddh Abhyas 127
6.3. Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY 96
7.7.11. New Treatment Regimen for Multi-Drug
6.4. Child Sexual Exploitative and Abuse Material 99 Resistant-Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) 128
6.5. Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace 102 7.7.12. Sonoluminescence 128
6.6. Women-Led Self-Help Groups (SHGs): Lakhpati 7.7.13. Circumnutation 129
Didi 104 WVide Web
7.7.14. Wood Wide 129
6.7. News in Shorts 106 7.7 15 AVGC Sector 129
6.7.1. Subtle Gender Discrimination in Society 106 8. CULTURE 130
6.7.2. NPS Vatsalya Scheme 107
6.7.3. New India Literacy Programme (NILP) 107
8.1. 100 years of Discovery of Harappan Civilisation
130
7. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 109
8.2. Port Blair Renamed as Sri Vijaya Puram 132
7.1. Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) 109 8.3. News in Shorts 135
7.2. Brain Computer interfaces (BCis) 111 8.3.1. Mankidia Trih
Tribes 135
7.3. Organ-on-chip (OoC)Technology 113 8.3.2. Odisha Famine of 1866 135
7.4. Vishvasya: National Blockchain Technology Stack 8.3.3. Anubhav Awards 13t
115 8.3.4. FIDE Chess Olympiad 135

7.5. India's R&D Ecosystem 118 8.3.5. Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training
7.6. Graphene 122 (RESET) Programme 136

123 9. ETHICS 137

7.7. News in Shorts
7.7.1. Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP) 123 9.1. Corruption 137
7.7.2. Silicon Carbide 124 10. SCHEMES IN NEWS 140
7.7.3.
World's Polaris
Eiret D: Dawn Mission Successfully Completes 10.1. Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay SanraksHan
t Private Spacewalk 124
7.7.4. Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM) 124
Abhiyan (PM-AASHA) 140
11. Places in News 142
7.7.5. Chandrayaan-4 125

7.7.6. Square Kilometer Array 120 12. Personalities in News 143

"You are as strong as your Foundation"

FOUNDATION COURSE
GENERAL STUDIES
PRELIMS CUM MAINS
2026,2027 &2028
Aeproach is to buld fundamental conceptsand analytical abilityin students to enable them to
ansr estions of eninary well n
includes Pre Foundation Chses
Includes comprehensive coverage of all the topics for all the four papers f

NE Recocded Casses on your personal student platform

Includes Al india GS Mains, GS Prelims, CSAT & Essay Test Series
Our Comprehensive Current Affairs casses of PT 365 and Mains 365 of year
2026, 2027 & 2028
Live - online / Offline ONLINE Students
bLIVE deo classes of our CoURSE on their ONLINE PLATFORM
Classes axheir homes The studertscan ask their dosbts and wuhiect gueries during the cs throurh
 INSIDE Topics: Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
15. "India's Struggle: 2024 GHI Shows Decline in Hun
ger Status" 21
GENERAL STUDIES - 1
Topics: Important aspects of governance, transparency and
Topics: Modern Indian history from about the middle of accountability, e-governance applications, models, success
the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, es, limitations, and potential: citizens charters. transparen:
personalities, issues. sy &accountability and institutional and other measures.
1. Architect of Unity: The Legacy of Sardar Patel 6 16. Pandemic Preparedness and Emergency Response
Topics: Population and associated issues, poverty and devel Framework 22

opmentalissues. 17. Global Digital Compact 23

2. Vanishing Demographics: The Decline of South 18. Final Choice: Advocating for a Dignified Death 24
India's Population 7
19. Census Exercise 25

Topics: Women and women relatedissues. Topics: India and its neighbourhood- relations.
"The Gender Gap: A UN Wake-Up Call!" 8
20. Border Balancing Act: India-China Patrolling Dynam
GENERAL STUDIES-2 ics 27

Topics: Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolu Topics: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agree
tion, features. amendments,. significant provisions and basic ments invOlwingIndia and/or affecting India's interests.
structure; Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme 21. "Dimming Diplomacy: India-Canada Relations
with that of other countries. Strained" 28
4. Ladak and Sixth Schedule 9
Topics: Effect of policies and politics of developed and de
5. Election Expenditure India vs USA 10
veloping cOuntries onIndia's interests, Indian diaspora.
6. USA Elections 11 22. Middle East Tension
Topics:Structure, organization and functioning of the Exec 23. "Korean Peninsula: A Powder Keg of Tension" 30
utive and the Judiciary:; Ministries and Departments of the GENERAL STUDIES-3
Government: pressure groups.and formal/informal associa
tions and their role in the Polity.
Topics: IndianEconomy and issues relating to planning,
7. Casteism in Prison 13
mobilization of resources. growth, development and em
ployment.
8. "Marital Rape: Justice Denied or Recognized?" 14 31
1. SEBI rules to curb F&O
9. Supreme Court's Assam verdict 15
2. India's Employment Growth 32

Topics: Salient features of the Representation of People's. 3. MF Lite framework 33

Act 4. India Textile Sector 34
10. "The Exit Poll Trap: Misleading or Meaningful?" 16 5. India Ascendant: Dawn of a New Economic Era 35
Topics: Government policies and interventions for devel 6. Unpaid Labor 36
opment in various sectors and issues arising out of their
Topics: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
design andimplementation.
11. 10 Years of SBM 17
7. AllIndia Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (2021-22)
37
Topics:Issues relating to development and management of Topics: Major crops cropping patterns in various parts
Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
Resources.
of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation
12. National Health Account Estimates 18 systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural
produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in
13. "Orphan Drugs: A Lifeline for Rare Disease Patients"
the aid of farmers.
19
8. Non - Basmati Rice 38
14. Learning Gaps: India's Literacy & Numeracy Struggle

www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

9. Framework for the Future: The National Agriculture Topics: Linkages between development and spread of ex
Code 40 tremism.
10. Second All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey 41 26. Naxalism 59

Topics: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies 27. Budget Woes Cloud COP-29 Climate Summit 60

and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System Topics: Security challenges and their management in border
objectives, functioning.limitations, revamping: issues of areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism,
buffer stocks andfood security; Technology missions; eco 28. Strengthening Borders: Security Dynamics in Lada
nomics of animal-rearing. kh 61
11. Rice fortification
42 Topics: Challenges to internal security through communi
12. India and Fertilizer Imports 43 cation networks, role of media and social networking sites.
Topics: Effects of liberalization onthe economy, changes in in internal securitychallenges, basics. of cyber security:
industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth. money-laundering and its prevention.
13. Diamond Industry 44 29. "Digital Arrest: Unmasking the Dark World of Cyber
crime" 62
Topics: Infrastructure: Energy. Ports, Roads, Airpots, Rail
ways etc. Topics: Various Securityforces and agencies and their man
14. "Green Powerhouse: India's Leap in Renewable date.
Energy" 45 30. India's Defence Revolution 63

15. "Tracks of Trouble: Indian Railways' Enduring Chal GENERAL STUDIES 4

lenges" 47 1. Case of Atul 65
16. Fuelling the Future: India's Ethanol Blending Drive cONTENT FOR MAINS ENRICHMENT
1. Ministry of Textile programs 66
17. Securing the Skies: From Airport to Aircraft 49
66
2. Annual Survey of Industries
Topics: Science and Technology- developments and their 3. Gender Performativity 66
applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of In 4. State Chapter of the Women Entrepreneurship
dians in science &technology; indigenization of technology. Platform 67
and developing new technologY. 67
5. Judge's Asset Disclosure
18. Revolutionary Ultrasound Method Enhances Early
Cancer Detection 50 6. Railway accident data (2019-2024) 67

7. Case of South Korea Deepfake 68

19. "Precision Medicine: Personalizing Healthcare for
the Future" 51 8. e-ABkari portal 68

20. Small Modular Reactors & Tech Firms 53 9. Farm to Fork: Share of Pie 68

21. Solar Radiation Management 54

10. Case of Kritarth 69

11. A tribe out of time 69

Topics: Awareness in space.
12. Weed and Agriculture 70
22. Beyond Earth: India's Vision for Space Exploration55
13. Rule to Roll shift
 22. Beyond Earth: India's Vision for Space Exploration55 12. Weed and Agriculture
13. Rule to Roll shift 71
Topics: Awareness in the fields of IT, Computers, robotics
14. Bride Bazaar 71
nang-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to
intellectual property rights. 15. India contributes to WHO 72
23. Fluorescent Nanodiamonds 56 16. Vidyan Mahadan 72

Topics: Conservation related issues, environmental pollu 17. Living Planet Report 2024
tion and degradation,environmental impact assessment. 18. UMANG - Digi Locker 73
24. Eco-Sensitive Areas 57 19. Out-of-pocket medical expenses 74

Topics: Disaster and management. 20. Kidney Transplant Racket 74

25. Bihar Flood 58 21. Internet Vigilantism 75

3 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

22. iFOREST Study 75 14. Slag and Sedimentary Rock Formation 92

23. Shetkari Samruddhi Special Train 76 15. Aurora Borealis 92

24. "Energizing Tomorrow: 2024 World Energy Outlook 16. Cyclone Dana
Sparks Hope! 76 17. DANA 93
25. India's Direct Tax Collections 77 GS-2
26. Click-to-Cancel Rule 78
Salient Features on Indian Constitution
27. Compassion case 78 1. "Free to Think 2024" report 93
28. Mining Dust for Carbon Capture 79 94
2. Chief Justice of India Appointment
29. Google's Violation of Antitrust Laws 79
Comparison of Constitutions
30. Joint survey by Safdarjung Hospital and AlIMS 80 3. Swing States 94
31. Amazon Future Engineer Program 80
Functioning of Parliament and State Legislatures
32. 14C Study 81 4. Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955 94
33. Localized Weather Forecasting o1 Centre- State Relations
34. "Breaking Chains: Pakistan's Women's Struggle" 81 5. Industrial Alcohol 95
35. Al-powered chatbot on CPGRAMS 82
Constitutional and non-constitutional bodies
36. A Silent Crisis 82
6. National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority g6

37. Lib Tech study on MNREGA 83

38. Eco-Crafts from Water Hyacinth 83
Judiciary
7. Statue of Lady Justice 96
39. Federalism 84
Governance
40. Hula Parties - Man Animal Conflict 84
8. RajyaMata-Gomata
41. Aandhi Village-Green Technology 85 9. Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan 97
42. Swachh Diwali Shubh Diwali Campaign 85 10. Prime Minister's Internship Scheme 97
43. Aarambh 6.0 Initiative 85 11. Co-District 98
44. "Mummy-Papa, Vote Do" campaign 86 12. Tele-MANAS 98

FACTS FOR PRELIMS; GS-1 13. e-Migrate Portal v2.0 g9

Art &Culture 14. Drugs Technical Advisory Board 99

1. New Inclusion to Classical Language Status RE

15. "Scam se Bacho" Campaign 100
2. 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature 87
16. National Green Hydrogen Mission 100
3. Yuva Sangam 87 17. 'Karmayogi Saptah 100
2024 Nobel Peace Prize 87 18. 'E-Cube Hindi Language Lab' 101
5. National Mission for Manuscripts 88 19. eShram-One Stop Solution 101

6. Dinosaur Fossil Park and Museum 20. Bima Sugam 102

7. Konark Wheels 88 21. Pandemic Fund 102

History 22. Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yoja

8. Doddalathur Megalithic Site 89 na 102

9. National Maritime Heritage Complex 89 23. Tarun Plus 103

10. Battle of Walong 90 24. Ayushman Vaya Vandana Card 103

Society International Relations

11. Korowai Tribe 90 25. Operation Northern Arrows 104
12. Doli Deaths 26. United States Commission on International Reli
gious Freedom 104
Geography
13. Isostatic Rebound 91 27. India-USA MoU 104

4 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

28. UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) 20. Marburg Virus Disease 118
105 21. Trachoma Elimination 119
29. Inter-Parliamentary Union 105 22. Medicinal Foods and Benefits 119

30. World Telecommunication Standardization Assem 23. Global TB Report 2023 119
bly 106
Science &Technology
31. Five Eye Alliance 106 24. Venus Orbiter Mission 120
32. Musaned Platform 107
25. Bharat-Gen 120
33. Indian Development and Economic Assistance 26. Polymer nanocomposite 121
Scheme 107
27. ISRO third launch pad 121
34. Haemodialysis (HD) Machines 107
28. Nobel Prize for Medicine, 2024 122
35. International Container Transshipment Port 107
29. 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 122
36. Kartarpur Corridor 108
30. Charon moon 123
37. Kazan Declaration 108
31. Nobel Prize for Physics, 2024 123
38. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organiza 32. MACE Project 123
tion (CTBTO) 109
33. TDP1 124
39. BRICS and Venezuela 109
 35. International Container Transshipment Port 107
29. 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 122
36. Kartarpur Corridor 108
30. Charon moon 123
37. Kazan Declaration 108
31. Nobel Prize for Physics, 2024 123
38. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organiza 32. MACE Project 123
tion (CTBTO) 109
33. TDP1 124
39. BRICS and Venezuela 109
34. X-band Radar 124
GS-3 35. Mechazilla 124
Indian Economy 36. India Mobile Congress 125
1. Eight - Core Sector 110
37. Ossification Test 125
2. Cruise Bharat Mission 110
38. Haber-Bosch Process 125
3. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India 111
39. Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Nanoparticles 126
World Green Economy Forum, 2024 112
40. Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory 126
5. UPI123 and UPI Lite 112
41. IndiaAI Mission 127
6. "Nobel Prize Honors Study on Institutions as Pillars 42. Artificial Stone 127
of Success" 112
43. Non-Kinetic Warfare 128
7. World Economic Outlook 113
44. Moonlight Lunar Communications and Navigation
8. WorldSkills 2024 113
Services 128
9. Gold Reserves 114
45. Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus 129
Agriculture 46. Cloud Chamber 129
10. National Mission on Edible Oils- Oilseeds 114
47. Srijan-Center for Generative Al 130
11, Di-Ammonium Phosphate 115
48. ISRO-DBT Agreement 130
12. 21st Livestock Census Operation 115
49. Transponder Technology 131
13. Paddy Variety PR-126 116
50. Electric Propulsion Satellite 131
14. Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture
(MIDH) 116 Environment &Ecology
51. Swallowtail butterflies 132
15. Kanda Express 117
52. Elephant Census Method 132
Infrastructure 53. Modified Eco-mark Scheme 133
16. BEML 117
54. Halari donkeys 133
17. Advance Booking System 117
55. Indian Wild Ass 133
Health
56. Antarctic warming 134
18. E. coli 118
57. PMECRG & MAHA-EV Mission 134
19. Kala-azar 118
58. Kaziranga National Park 135

www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRs 30

59. Azores Archipelago 135 6. My Quynh Safari Park 151
60. Tenkana 136 7. Sudan Civil War 152
61. Great Indian Bustard 136 8. Chaukhamba ll Peak 153

62. Indian Flapshell Turtles 137 9. Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement
63. Emissions Gap Report, 2024 137 154

64. Coking Coal 137 10. Mount Adams 155

65. Tardigrades 138 11. Italy-Albania Migration Pact 156

66. Surge in Global Greenhouse Gas 138 12. Coogee Beach 157

67. Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve 139 13. Hwange National Park 158

68. Durgesh Aranya Zoological Park 13 14. Refugee camps in the Gaza Strip 159

Defence 15. NEOM project 160

140 16. Iranian Military Bases 161
69. Thermobaric weapons
70. PM E-DRIVE 140 INDIAN
71. Odisha Leopard Population 140 1. Bagmati River 162
72. Very Short-Range Air Defence System 141 2. Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary 163

73. Small Modular Reactors 141 3. Gangaramchak and Gangaramchak-Bhadulia coal

74. LSAM 12 (Missile Cum Ammunition Barge) 142 mine 164

75. T-90 Bhishma Tank 142 4. Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park 165
76. THAAD missile system 143 5. Karanpura Coalfield 166

77. Samarthak Vessel 143 6. Roopkund Lake 167

78. Maritime Exercises 143 7. Sri Singeeswarar Temple 168
79, Shadow Fleet 143 8. Z-Morh tunnel 169
80. S4* SSBN 144 9. Bioluminescent Waves 170

81. Fast Patrol Vessels 144 10. Nandankanan Zoological Park 171

82. Military Exercises 145 11. Rat Tail Falls 172

INSIGHT SHORTS 12. Arugam Bay 173

1. iDEX (ADITI 2.0) challenge 146 13. Periyar Tiger Reserve 174

146 14. Dholavira 175

2. DISC 12 challenge
3. Indian Institute of Foreign Trade 146 15. Petrapole Land Port (Maitri Dwar) 176

4. Nepal and India 146 16. Sambhar Lake 177

5. France and India 146

6. Lord's Resistance Army 146
7. Great Indian Bustard 146
8. Joya-La Barreta park 146

MAPPING
INTERNATIONAL
1. Canary Island 147

2. Mount Erebus 148

3. Vuhledar 149

4. Little Prespa Lake 149

5. Chagos Archipelago 150

 Table of Contents
1. POLITY AND GOVERNANCE 3.9.11. Commitment to Reducing Inequality (CRI) Index
2024 released 51
1.1. Jan Yojana Abhiyan
1.2. Free Legal Aid 3.9.12. All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey 2021-22
52
1.3. Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 3.9.13. Government notifies Offshore Areas Operating
1.4. News in Shorts 10 53
Right Rules, 2024
1.4.1. Supreme Court Questions Feasibility of Gram 3.9.14, National Electricity Plan (Transmission) 53
Nyayalayas 10
3.9.15. Hand-in-Hand (HIH) Initiative
1.4.2. Section 6A of Citizenship Act 11
3.9.16. National Agriculture Code (NAC) 54
1.4.3. Universal Postal Union (UPU) 12
3.9.17. Central Silk Board
1.4.4. International Telecommunication Union (ITU)_ 12
3.9.18. Humsafar Policy
2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 13 3.9.19. Cruise Bharat Mission (CBM) Launched
2.1. India-China Agreement on Line of Actual Control 3.9.20. Z-Morh Project
(LAC), 13 4. SECURITY 57
2.2. India-Maldives Relationship 16 4.1. Al and Defence 57
2.3. India-Canada Relationship 17 4.2. News in Shorts 59
2.4. ASEAN 19 4.2.1. GlobE
2.5. BRICS 27 4.2.2. Non-Kinetic Warfare 59
2.6. News in Shorts 25 4.2.3. DefConnect 4.0 60
2.6.1. India and Uzbekistan signed Bilateral Investment 4.2.4. 31 MO-98 drones and Nuclear Attack Submarines
25 Deal Clears 60
Treaty (BIT)
2.6.2. India-UAE Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) came 4.2.5. ABHED (Advanced Ballistics for High Energy Defeat)
into effect 26
2.6.3. Committee of Ten (C-10) Group 4.2.6. Aka shteerSystems 61

4.2.7. Very Short Range Air Defence System 61

2.6.4. UK hands sovereignty of Chagos Islands to
Mauritius 27 4.2.8. Dragon Drone 61

2.6.5. Anaconda Strategy 27 4.2.9. THAAD Missile Defense System 62

2.6.6. Philadelphi Corridor 27 4.2.10. Helfire Missile 62

2.7. Errata 28 4.2.11. Exercises in News 62

B. ECONOMY 29 5. ENVIRONMENT 63
3.1. Nobel Prize in Economics 20 5.1. Jal Hi Amrit 63
3.2. BReady Index 31 5.2. Hyperlocal Weather Forecasting 65
3.3. Scaling of India's Small Companies 33 5.3. News in Shorts 67
3.4. PM GatiShakti National Master Plan 34 5.3.1. State of Global Water Resources Report 67

3.5. 10 Years of Make in India 37 5.3.2. National Water Awards (NWA) 67

5.3.3. CCPA Notifies Guidelines For Preventing
3.6. Poverty in India 39
3.7. Global Innovation Index 2024 and Social
Greenwashing
5.3.4. EnviStats India 2024 68
Entrepreneurship 42 5.3.5. 2024 Forest Declaration Assessment: Forests
3.8. National Mission on Edible Oils - Oilseeds under fire' Report Released
(NMEO-Oilseeds) S.3.6. European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)
3.9. News in Shorts 46
3.9.1. Responsible Capitalism 46 5.3.7. Biodiversity Credits 0
3.9.2. Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for FY 2022-23 47 5.3.8. Greening of Antarctica 70
3.9.3. Input Tax Credit 48 5.3.9. Coordination Committee for Air Quality
3.9.4. Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Management in IGP region 70
Products (RoDTEP) Scheme 5.3.10. PM-Surya Ghar: Muft BijliiYYojana 71
3.9.5..RBI
R Ireleased Report of the Committee on MIBOR 5.3.11. World Energy
Energy O
Outlook 2024 71
Z02
Benchmark 5.3.12. International Energy Efficiency Hub (IEEH) 71
3.9.6. RBI Study on Monetary Policy Transmission, 4 5.3.13. Global Framework on Chemicals (GFC) Fund_71
3.9.7. India Forex Reserve Cross 700 Billion Dollar 5.3.14. Ecomark Rules, 2024 7
3.9.8. UPI 123 and UPI Lite 50 5.3.15. IUCN Report on Agriculture and Conservation 73
3.9.9. CareEdge Released its Inaugural Sovereign Credit 5.3.16. Living Planet Report
Ratings 50 5.3.17. Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary (Kws)
3.9.10. Global Family Farming Forum (GFFF) Launched 51 5.3.18. Indian Wild Ass 74

www.visionias.in OVision lAS

5.3.19, Nile Basin 79 7.10.10. Global Strategic Preparedness, Readiness and

5.3.20. Volcanic Eruption & lonospheric Disturbances 75 Response Plan (SPRP) 109
5.3.21. Lipulekh Pass 76 7.10.11. Revamped Pharmaceutical Technology
6. SOCIAL ISSUES 77 Upgradation Assistance Scheme (RPTUAS) 110

6.1. Mental Health among Adolescents 77 7.10.12. International Medical Device Regulators Forum
110
6.2. Child Marriage in India 78
7.10.13. India Eliminates Trachoma as a Public Health
6.3. Global Hunger Index 80
Problem: WHO 110
6.4. National Health Accounts Estimates 7.10.14. ANRF Launches PMECRG and MAHA-EV Initiative
6.5. Digital Health 110
6.6. News in Shorts 86 7.10.15. Union Cabinet Approves
ove National Centre of
6.6.1. UN Women released "World Survey on the Role of Excellence (NCoE) for AVGC-XR 11
Women in Development' Report 8. CULTURE 113
6.6.2. e-Migrate Portal 87
8.1. Classical Language 113
6.6.3. PM YASASVI 87
6.6.4. Government Extends Supply of Fortified Rice 8.2. Kartarpur Sahib Corridor 115

Across Welfare Schemes Until 2028 87 8.3. New Flag, Insignia and Lady Justice at Supreme
8 Court 116
7. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
8.4. News in Shorts 117
7.1. Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 8
8.4.1. Nobel Prize in Literature 117
7.2. Nobel Prize in Medicine 2024 90
8.42. Nobel Peace Prize 117
7.3. Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 93
8.4.3. Cabinet Approves Development of NMHC At Lothal,
7.4. BharatGen Programme 94
Gujarat 118
7.5. Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX) 96
8.4.4. Geographical Indications tag to 8 Assam Products
7.6. Space-based Surveillance 98 118

7.7. Unified Genomic Chip 100 8.4.5. Commonwealth Games (CWG) 2026 18
7.8. Drug Quality in India 102 8.4.6. Paryatan Mitra And Paryatan Didi Initiative 118

7.9. Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) 104 8.4.7. Poumai Naga tribe 119

7.10. News in Shorts 106 9. ETHICs 120

7.10.1. 'Atoms4Food' 106 9.1. Mahatma Gandhi and Compassion 120
7.10.2. MACE Observatory inaugurated 106 9.2. Personality in Focus: Ratan Naval Tata (1937
7.10.3. Europa Clipper 107
2024). 122
7.10.4. LUPEX Mission 107
10. SCHEMES IN NEWS 124
7.10.5. RISE Mission 108
7.10.6. Moonlight Programme 108 10.1. PM Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY)
120
7.10.7. Neutrino Fog 109
124
7.10.8. Charon 109 10.1.1. Krishonnati Yojana (KY)
7.10.9. Sky Shield 109 11. Places in news 126
12. Personalities in news 127
 4. Bulldozer Justice 17

INSIDE Topics: Appointmentto various Constitutional posts, poW

ers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional
GENERAL STUDIES -1 Bodies.
5. Comptroller & Auditor General 18
Topics: Indian culture willcover the salient aspects of Art
Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern Topics: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the
times. population by the Centre and States and the performance
1. Preamble 7 of these schemes.
6. Empowering Tribal Society 19
2. 75 Years of Indian Constitution 8

Topics: Modern Indian history from about the middle of Topics: IsSues relating to developmentand management of
the eighteenth century until the present- significant events. Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
personalities, issues. Resources.
3. Guru Nanak 7. Tuberculosis in India 20
9
8. Decline in Out-Of-Pocket Expenditure 21
Topics: Population and associated issues, poverty and devel
9. Antimicrobial Resistance
opmental issues.
10 10. Diabetes - A Non communicable Disease 23
4. Impacts of Declining Population
Topics: Urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Topics: Important aspects of governance, transparency and
5. Shaping Sustainable Cities: The Youth Impact 11 accountability, e-gOvernance applications, models,.Success
Topics: Social empowerment, communalism, regional es, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparen
0sm &secularism.
cy& accountability and institutional and other measures.
11. India's Cooperative Movement
6. The Real Hurdle: Jobs, Not Constraints 13
12. Bail & Undertrials 25
GENERAL STUDIES -2
Topics: Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings. evolu
Topics: India and its neighbourhood- relations.
13. India's Neighbourhood Policy 26
tion, features,amendments, significant provisions and basic
structure; Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme 14. India - Bangladesh 27

with that of other cOuntries, Topics:Important Internationalinstitutions, agencies and

1. Aligarh Muslim University Case 14 fora, their structure, mandate.
15. Rio G20 Summit 28
Topics: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the
States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal struc GENERAL STUDIES -3
ture, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels Topics: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning,
and challenges therein. mobilization of resources, growth, development and em
2. Urban Civic Bodies 15 ployment.

16. Corporate Social Responsibility 29

Topics: Structure, organization and functioning of the Exec
utive and the Judiciary: Ministries and Departments of the 17. Formalisation of Economy 30

Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associa 18. Production Linked Incentive Scheme 31

tions andtheir rolein the Polity. Topics: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Rail
3. Quota-Within-Quota' System 16
ways etG.

2 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

19. Dedicated Freight Corridors 33 5. Director General of Police, Uttar Pradesh Selection

20. World Solar Report Series 34 and Appointment Rules 56

21. Wind Energy 35 6. Cia-Cia Tribe 56

22, China and Renewable Energy 36 7. Speech at Asian Buddhist Summit 56

Topics: Science and Technology- developments and their 8. Impacts of Social Media on Kids 57

9. Cafe Lamma 57
applications and effectsin everydaylife Achievements of In
dians in science &technology; indigenization of technology. 10. Quotes from CJl Speech 57

and developing new technology. 11. Ultra-Enforcement Concrete 57

23. Impacts of Social Media on Democracy 37 12. Comics Commandos 58

Topics: Awareness in space. 13. Opting Out of Traditional Masculinity 58

24. Black Hole Triple System 38

14. Prevalence Of Violence
Topics: Awareness in the fields of IT, Computers, robotics, 15. Social Engineering 59
nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to 16. Adaptive Defence Strategy 59

intellectual propertyrights. 17. Report on Municipal Finances 60

25. RNA Editing 39
18. Solar Fence Project 60
26. Intellectual Property Rights 40
19. IPS officer Archana Tyagi 61
27. Centrifugal Process & Uranium Enrichment 41
20. CAG Report on Urban Local Bodies 61

Topics: Conservation related issues, environmental pollu

21. Al-india Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968 62
tion and degradation, environmental impact assessment. 22. Chhattisgarh Cattle Marking 62
28. 1.5°C Goal & Climate Crisis 42
23. Story of Morning Mama 62
29. Convention on Biological Diversity-The CoP results
24. Women in Urban Governance 62
43
25. WEP and Urban Company Collaboration 63
30. India's Green Leap: A Shift from Fossil Fuels to
26. India-CARICOM Summit 63
Clean Energy
27. Nova, An Al-Powered Humanoid 54
31. State of the Climate 2024 Report 45
28. Quotes on Socialism 64
32. High-Performance Buildings 47

29. Nayi Chetna 3.0- Pahal Badlaav Ki

33. Delhi Air Pollution 48
30. Rise of Yashasvi Jaiswal 64
34. Air Pollution Crisis 49

31. Violence Against Women 65

290utcoma
 30. Rise of Yashasvi Jaiswal 64
34. Air Pollution Crisis 49

31. Violence Against Women 65

35. COP 29- Outcome 50
32. E-Daakhil Portal 65
36. Menace of Microplastic 51
33. Dark Tourism 66
37. Biomedical Waste 52

cONTENT FOR MAINS ENRICHMENT 34. Story of Falguni Nayar 66

35. CAG Report on Bihar's Healthcare 66

1. India's Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms 54
36. Online Gaming Addiction 57
2. India Vishwamitra Stand 54

3. False Consciousness 55
FACTS FOR PRELIMS; GS-1
4. Committees on Western Ghats 55 Art &Culture
1. Tumaini Festival 67

www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRs 30

2. Asian Buddhist Summit 68 Judiciary

3. Kalka-Shimla Narrow-Gauge Railway 68 4. Property Owners Association v. State of Maharash

4. Maha Kumbh Mela 2025 69 tra Judgement 80

5. UNESco Sites in News 69 Governance

6. Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and 5. Namo Drone Didi 80

Development, 2023 70 6. Digital India Common Service Center Project 31

7. Brihadeeswarar Temple 70 7. Intermediary Vs Publisher 81

8. ISKCON 70 8. PM E-DRIVE Scheme 81

9. Notre-Dame Cathedral 71 9. PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme 82

10. Shahi Jama Masjid in Sambhal 71 10. QS World University Rankings: Asia 2025 82

11. Great Stupa at Sanchi 71 11. Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI)
2023 83
History
12. Shahjahanpur & 1857 Rebellion 72 12. "Bhu-Neer" Portal 83

72
13. VISION Portal
13. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
14. National Mission on Natural Farming 84
14. Satyendra Nath Bose 73

15. Birsa Munda 73 15. One Nation One Subscription 84

16. St. Francis Xavier 74 16. Atal Innovation Mission 2.0 85

17. PAN 2.0 85

17. Kanhirapoil Megalithic Site 74

18. Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi 75 18. Network Readiness Index, 2024 R5

19. Women in the Constituent Assembly 75 International Relations

19. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) B6
Society
20. Moran and Mottock Communities 75 20. Student Direct Stream (SDS) Visa Program 86

21. World Anti-Doping Agency 86

21. Sami, Forest Finns, and Kvens Tribes 76

22. Siddi Community 76 22. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Pales
tine Refugees 87
23. Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat Campaign 77

23. The State of the World's Children 2024 87

Geography
24. International Criminal Court 88
24. Paragliding 77

25. Mãori Group 79 25. The Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty 88
26. ICA Global Cooperative Conference 2024 88
26. High-Altitude Sickness 78
27. Riyadh Design Law Treaty 89
GS-2
28. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weap
Salient features of Indian Constitution ons
1. Constitution Museum 79
GS-3
Elections
79 Indian Economy
2. Electronic Voting Machine
1. Digital Euro 89
Functioning of Parliament and State Legislatures
2. World intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) - 2024
3. Places of Worship Act, 1991 79

4 www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 3o

90 Energy
3. Domestic Systemically Important Banks 90 30. Millimeter Wave Transceiver 103

4 Central Value Added Tax (CENVAT) Credit 91 31. Gravity Energy Storage 104

5. "Jobs At Your Doorstep" Report 91 32. Shanan Hydropower Project 104

Agriculture Environment &Ecology

6. Tuna Cluster 92 33. Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve 104

92 34. Illegal Sand Mining 105

7. Agrivoltaic farming
8. Urad and Tur lmports 93 35. RC Morris Report & Kodo Millet 105

9. State of Food and Agriculture 2024 93 36. Foam in Yamuna River 106

10. Fingerling 94 37. International Solar Alliance 106

11. Biofloc Technology and Recirculating Aquaculture 38. Markhor 107

Systems 39. Commission for Air Quality Management 107

12. Marine Fisheries Census 2025 95 40. Airships 108

 dnd A8 202

10. Fingerling 94 37. International Solar Alliance 106

11. Biofloc Technology and Recirculating Aquaculture 38. Markhor 107

Systems 39. Commission for Air Quality Management 107

12. Marine Fisheries Census 2025 40. Airships 108

Infrastructure 41. World's First CO-to-Methanol Conversion Plant 108

13. Seaplane Service 96 42. CSE Assessment 108

14. Bibek Debroy Committee's on Railways 96 43. 'EV as a Service' Programme 109

Science &Technology 44. Article 6-Carbon Credits 109

15. Allulose 97 45. Dicliptera polymorpha 110

16. Processing-In-Memory (PIM) Technology 97 46. Eurasian Otter 110

17. Gujarat and Semiconductor

68 97 47. India's Achievements in Renewable Energy 110

18. Luminescent Nanomaterials 98 48. Comb jellies 111

19, LiDAR 98 49. African Elephant 111

Space 50. Dual Approval Exemption 112

20. Analog Space Mission 51. Graded Response Action Plan 112

21. LignoSat 99 52. Global Energy Efficiency Alliance 113

22. Visible Emission Line Coronagraph 53. Oriental Pied Hornbill 114

23. Proba-3 Space Satellite 100 54. Thai Sacbrood Virus 114

24. Zhurong Rover Mars Exploration 100 55. Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve 114

Health 56. African Penguin 115

25. "First in the World Challenge" initiative 100 57. Green World Environment Award 2024 115

26. Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus 101 58. Reducing Methane from Organic Waste Declaration
116
27. Animal Health Security Strengthening in India for
Pandemic Preparedness and Response Initiative 59. Mealworm Larvae 116

102
60. Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), 2025
28. 'PPP plus PPP' Model 102 116

29. 'Know Your Medicine' (KYM) App 102 61. Ranthambore Tiger Reserve 117

www.insightsonindia.com

INSIGHTSIAS CURRENT AFFAIRS 30

62. Paris Agreement 118 7. Solomon Islands 133

63. Global Matchmaking Platform 118 8. Nigeria Nation 134

64. Tracking Stubble Burning 118 9. EI Cajas National Park 135

65. Global Peatland Hotspot Atlas, 2024 119 10. Salt Chimneys at Dead Sea 136

66. Sukpak: A Siberian Demoiselle Crane 119 11. Reykjanes Peninsula 137

67. Nayakkarpatti Tungsten Block 120 12. Cayirhan Coal Mine 138

68. Asiatic Lions 121 13. Kurram district of Pakistan 138

Internal Security 14. Gelephu Mindfulness City 139

69. CISF All Women Battalion 121 15. Baltic Sea 140

70. Operation Kawach 122 16. Uganda 141

71. Armed Forces Special Powers Act 122 INDIAN

72. Bharat National Cyber Security Exercise 122 1. Dal Lake 142

Defence 2. Ranthambore National Park 143

73. MAHASAGAR 123 3. Chushul-Moldo Border 144

74. One Rank One Pension 123 4. Sirpur Ramsar Site 144

75. Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher 124 5. Mattupetty Dam 145

76. Long-Range Land Attack Cruise Missile 124 6. Hokersar Wetland 146

77. e-Tarang System 124 7. Barak River 147

78. Exercise Poorvi Prahar 125 8. Willingdon Island 148

79. Long-Range Hypersonic Missile 125

9. Panchachuli Mountain Range 149

80. ATACMS (Army Tactical Missile Systems) 125 10. Ashtamudi Lake 150
81. RS-26 Rubezh 126 11. Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands 151

82. Sabal-20 Logistics Drone 126 12. Uttarakhand State's Rivers 152
83. Eklavya Platform 127 13. Pennaiyar River 153

84. SAREX-24 127

Disaster Management

85. Lightning Rods 127

MAPPING
INTERNATIONAL
1. Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki 128

2. Land Port Darranga 129

3. Namibia Offshore Oil 129

4. CARICOM (Caribbean Community and Common

Market) 130

5. Mount Annapurna 131

6. South China Sea 132

AHMEDABAD |BENGALURU| BHOPAL|CHANDIGARH |DELHI |GUWAHATI|HYDERABAD| JAIPUR| JDDHPUR| LUCKNOW |PRAYAGRAJ| PUNE|RANCHI

Table of Contents
1. POLITY AND GOVERNANCE 4 3.5.5. The State of Food and Agriculture 2024' report
1.1. 'Socialist', 'Secular' in the Preamble 4 released by FAO
3.5.6. 21st Livestock Census 50
1.2. Property Rights in India 6
8 3.5.7. World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) 50
1.3. Internal Democracy in Political Parties 3.5.8. Nano fertilizers 50
1.4. USA Presidential Election 9
3.5.9. Mormugao Port Authority 51
1.5. Municipal Corporations In India 10
3.5.10. Bihta Dry Port 51
1.6. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 11 3.5.11. World Intellectual Property Indicators 2024 report
1.7. Governance and Al 14 51

1.8. Digitization of Land Records 16 3.5.12. PAN (Permanent Account Number) 2.0 52
1.9. Persons with Disability 19 3.5.13. Uniform Protection Protocol 53
1.10. News in Shorts 21 4. SECURITY 54
1.10.1. Grievance Redressal Assessment Index (GRAI) 21 4.1. Indian Coast Guard 54
1.10.2. Civil Registration System (CRS). 21 4.2. News in Shorts 59
1.10.3. Prior Sanction Mandatory to Prosecute Public 4.2.1. AFSPA 55
Servants 21
4.2.2. 'Adaptive Defense' Strategy 55
1.10.4. Report on Prisons in India 22 4.2.3. Digital Arrest_
1.10.5. 51st Chief Justice of India (CJI) Appointed 22 4.2.4. Asset Recovery Interagency Network-Asia Pacific
1.10.6. Inter-State Council (ISC) 23 (ARIN-AP) 56
1.10.7. Aligarh Muslim University's (AMU) Status as 4.2.5. India's fourth Nuclear Submarine 57
Minority Institution 4.2.6. India's First Long Range Hypersonic Missile 57
2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 25 4.2.7. Long Range Land Attack Cruise Missile (LRLACM)
2.1. India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor_25 57

2.2. The Group of Twenty (G20) Summit 27 4.2.8. Pantsir Air Defense system (PADS) 58

2.3. India-Australia Relations 29 4.2.9. Exercise Antariksha Abhyas 2024 58

4.2.10. Exercises in News 58
2..4. India -Germany Relations 31
4.2.11. Operation Sagar Manthan 59
2.5. India-Italy Relations 32
34 5. ENVIRONMENT 60
2.6. India-Spain Relations
5.1. UNFCCC COP29 60
2.7. News in Shorts 35
5.1.1. Key Initiatives/Declarations Launched at COP29 62
2.7.1. First Trilateral Power Transaction 35
5.1.2. India at COP29 64
2.7.2. Chennai-Vladivostok Eastern Maritime Corridor
5.2. Carbon Trading and Market 6
Operational 35
2.7.3. U.S., Japan and South Korea signed DiGi Framework 5.3. Climate Finance 67
36 5.4. Just Transition 69
2.7.4. 2nd India-CARICOM Summit concluded in Guyana 5.5. CoP-16 to the UNCBD 71
36 5.5.1. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
2.7.5. ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus (ADDM (NBSAP)
Plus). 37 5.5.2. World Coalition for Peace with Nature 76

2.7.6. Indian Chemical Council Wins OPCW-The Hague 5.6. Forest Ecosystem Restoration 76
Award 27 5.7. Natural Farming 77
2.7.7. Cairo Call to Action 38
5.8. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) 79
2.7.8. International Cooperative Aliance 38
5.9. News in Shorts 81
2.7.9. Triton island
5.9.1. Global Carbon Budget Report 31
3. ECONOMY 40 5.9.2. Adaptation Gap Report 2024 82
3.1. Importance of Large Trade Agreements 40 5.9.3. UN Environment Programme Releases Emissions
3.2. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)_ 42 Gap Report 2024 83
3.3. Rural Non-Farm Economy (RNFE) 5.9.4. Protected Planet Report 2024 83
3.4. Food Corporation of India (FCI) 46 5.9.5. 'An Eye on Methane: Invisible but not unseen'
3.5. News in Shorts 47 Report 84

3.5.1. RBI Issues Framework For Reclassification of FPIl to 5.9.6. World Energy Employment Report, 2024 84
FD 47 5.9.7. CO, to Methanol Plant
5.9.8. EV-as-a-Service Programme 8
3.5.2. Domestic Systemically important Banks (D-SIBS) 48
48 5.9.9. Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve 85
3.5.3. Venture Capital Fund for Space Sector
3.5.4. Scheme for Medical Device Industry 49 5.9.10. Coral Triangle 86

www.yisionias.in OVision IAS

5.9.11. Tsunami Ready Villagess 36 7.5.2. Analog Space Mission 103

5.9.12. Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos (DANA) 87 7.5.3. GSAT-N2 103
5.9.13. Bomb Cyclone B7 7.5.4. LignoSat 103
5.9.14. Lake Kariba 87 7.5.5. Operation Dronagiri 104
6. SOCIAL ISSUES 89 7.5.6. Direct-to-Device(D2 D) Satelite connectivity__ 104
6.1. Work from Home 89 7.5.7. Gravity Energy Storage (GES) 105
7.5.8. BRIC-National Agri-Food Bio-Manufacturing
6.2. One Nation One Subscription Scheme 91
105
6.3. News in Shorts Institute (BRIC-NABI)
93 7.5.9. First Indigenous Antibiotic 105
6.3.1. Union Cabinet Approved PM-Vidyalaxmi scheme
93
7.5.10. Adoption of Jeddah Commitments 106
7.5.11. Pandemic Fund Project Launched 106
6.3.2. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences 7.5.12. Global Health Emergency Corps (GHEC) 107
(POCSO) Act, 2012 94
6.3.3. 10 Years of Polio Eradication in India 94
8. CULTURE 108
6.3.4. Children Lacking Minimum Dietary Diversity 95 8.1. Birsa Munda 108
6.3.5. UNESCO released 'Global Education Monitoring 8.2. News in Shorts 111
Report 2024' 95 8.2.1. Sohrai painting 111

7. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 97 9.ETHICS 112

7.1. One Day One Genome 97 9.1. Instant Justice 112
7.1.1. Heritable Human Genome Editing (HHGE). 10. SCHEMES IN NEWS 116
7.2. Satyendra Nath Bose (S. N. Bose) 98 10.1. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) 116
7.3. Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) 100 10.2. Atal Innovation Mission 2.0 116
7.4. RNA Editing 101 10.3. Pradhan Mantri Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana 117
7.5. News in Shorts 102 11. PLACES IN NEWWS 119
7.5.1. Space Biotechnology 102
12. PERSONALITIES IN NEWS 120

"You are as strong as your Foundation"

FOUNDATION COURSE
GENERAL STUDIES