TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter Title
No.
1 Introduction
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Objectives of Internship
2 Internship scope of Site Details
2.1. Location of Site
2.2. Site Details
3 Methodology
3.1. Block work
3.2. Reinforcement checking details
3.3. Slab
3.4. Beam
3.5. Column
3.6. Electrical fitting
3.7. Compaction work
3.8. Safety norms.
4 Conclusion
5 Acknowledgement
 INTERNSHIP DETAILS

• PROJECT NAME: CRYSTAL GLORY

• INDUSTRY NAME: ATHARVA BUILDCON

• ADDRESS: SR.NO. 284/B1/2/1, SHREE GANESH COLONY, NEXT TO K.K.

WAGH COLLEGE, MIRA KRISHANA MANDIR ROAD, NASHIK

• RCC CONTRACTOR: MR. KISHOR SURYAVANSHI

• ARCHITECT: SANDEEP PAWAR

• DESIGHNER: KISHOR CHOPDA

• LEGAL ADVISOR: ADVT. BHAVRAO GANGURDE

• CIVIL ENGINEER: MR. VALMIK CHAVAN

• PROJECT HEAD: MR. KAMLESH PAWAR

• PURPOSE: RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

• TOTAL FLOOR: G+6

 CHAPTER NO. 01
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Internship should give students practical skills, experience and greater knowledge
of an industry, in exchange for the employer benefiting from their labour. With the
significance firmly on training, internships give students real-life experience of the
workplace and field they hope to break into.

It can help students gain practical work skills and decide if the career they are
experiencing is right for them or not, and also enables student to make valuable
work contacts and acts as an important stepping-stone to securing a job and
climbing the first level on the career ladder.

Internship give students exposure to the working environment, often within a

specific industry, which relates to their field of study. Internship provides students
to put theoretical knowledge into practical knowledge.

Understanding the effects of internship will help students to choose the best of the
opportunity.

Internships provide opportunities to meet and collaborate with experienced

professionals, which can lead to job offers, mentorship, and career guidance.
Interns can explore different sectors within civil engineering, such as construction
management, structural design, environmental consulting, or transportation
planning, helping them choose a specialization for their future career.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP

• To gain knowledge about the steps involving construction process.

• To understand the construction and supervision work of slab, beam, column.

• To get knowledge about structural drawing.

• To implement the structural drawing into construction site.

• To know how electrical fitting done on site.

• To know how to place blocks.

• To understand the concept of slab, beam, column how they are casted.
 CHAPTER NO. 2
SCOPE

SEQUENCE OF DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE

PROJECT:
1. SHUTTERING OF SLAB-BEAM 5. MASONRY WALL
2. REINFORCEMENT 6. ELECTRICAL FITTING
3. CONCRETE POURING – M25 GRADE
4. COLUMN
 CHAPTER NO. 03

METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK WORK

Block work refers to the process of constructing walls or structures using blocks,
typically made from materials like concreteor clay. It's a key part of masonry
construction used for building foundations, walls, partitions, and other structural
components.

3.1.1 Types of Blocks Used:

• Concrete Blocks: Made of cement, water, and aggregate, commonly used

for structural walls, foundations, and retaining walls.
• Clay or Brick Blocks: Traditional blocks made from fired clay,primarily
used in low-load bearing or decorative applications.

3.1.2 Procedure of Block Laying:

1. Layout and Alignment:

o The first row of blocks should be carefully laid out to ensure proper
alignment and level.
o Accurate measurements and the use of tools like a level, plumb line,
are essential.
2. Laying Blocks:
o Each block is laid on a bed of mortar, ensuring it is properly aligned
with adjacent blocks.
o E-mix mortar used for laying concrete blocks to form solid bond.
3. Corner Blocks:
o Special care is needed when laying corner blocks to ensure the walls
are square and correctly aligned.
 4. Reinforcement:
o For structural integrity, reinforcement such as steel bars (rebar) is
often inserted within the blocks at regular intervals, especially for
load-bearing walls.
o Reinforced concrete blocks may require horizontal or vertical
reinforcement.
o Reinforcement is used in blockwork to increase the strength of block
structure.
5. Cutting Blocks:
o In some cases, blocks need to be cut to fit the required dimensions or
to accommodate doors and windows. Specialized cutting tools (hand
saw) are used for this purpose.

3.1.3 Curing and Setting:

• After laying, the block wall should be allowed to cure properly. This means
keeping the mortar moist for a certain period to achieve maximum strength.
• The curing process generally takes several days, depending on weather
conditions.

3.1.4 BLOCK USED: AAC BLOCK (AUTOCLAVED AERATED

CONCRETE).

• SIZE : (400x200x200) mm
• 400 mm – length
• 200 mm – height
• 200 mm – thickness
• THIS BLOCKS CAN BE USED FOR BOTH INTERIRO AND EXTERIOR
WALLS.
• ACC BLOCKS ARE MADE FROM MIXTURE OF FLY ASH, CEMENT,
LIME, GYPSUM & AERATION AGENT

3.1.5 How To Calculate Material Requirement

🞅 CALCULATE NO. OF BLOCKS REQUIRED FOR 1 METER CUBE:

L=0.4 m H=0.2 m

W=0.2 m
VOLUME OF 1 BLOCK= 0.4x0.2x0.2

= 0.016m.

= 1 cubic meter / 0.016

=62.5 ~ 63 blocks req

Fig no. 01 BLOCK WORK

 3.2 RENFORCEMENT CHECKING DETAILS

CHECK DIAMETER OF BARS.

CHECK INDIAN STANDARD MARK ON BAR.

VISUALLY EXAMINING THE REINFORCEMENT.

COUNT THE NUMBER OF BARS IN 1 BUNDLE.

STEEL BAR BUNDLES AS PER DIAMETER:

• 8 mm = 17 bars
• 16 mm = 4 bars
• 10 mm = 11 bars
• 20 mm = 2 bars
• 12 mm = 8 bars
• 25 mm = 2 bars
3.3 SLAB

3.3.1 Slab Shuttering

Slab shuttering also known as formwork refers to the temporary molds or
structures used to shape and support the concrete when casting a concrete slab
(such as a floor, roof, or ceiling). The purpose of shuttering is to hold the concrete
in place while it sets and gains strength, ensuring that the final slab has the desired
shape and dimensions.
3.3.2 Procedure of Shuttering:

1. Shuttering Material Selection

• Common materials used for shuttering include timber, plywood, or metal

forms.
• The type of material depends on the size of the slab, load requirements, and
the desired surface finish.

2. Reinforcement Placement

• Once the formwork is in place, reinforcement bars (rebar) are arranged

according to the slab design.
• The reinforcement needs to be positioned correctly, usually with spacers, so
that it remains in place when the concrete is poured.

3. Alignment and Leveling

• The formwork should be carefully aligned to the required dimensions and

levels.
• Any irregularities in alignment can cause structural issues in the finished
slab.
4. Shuttering Support

• Props or vertical supports are placed to support the shuttering at appropriate

intervals.
• The shuttering should be sturdy enough to handle the weight of the wet
concrete until it sets.

5. Pouring Concrete

• Once the shuttering and reinforcement are in place, concrete is poured into
the formwork.
• It is important to ensure that the concrete is evenly spread and vibrated to
remove air pockets.

6. Curing and Removal

• After the concrete has set and cured for a specified period, the shuttering is
carefully removed.
• The shuttering should be taken off in stages to avoid damaging the slab.

3.3.3 Procedure of concreting:

On-site concrete is directly mixed from the RMC (Ready-Mix Concrete)

plant, it means that the concrete is prepared and mixed at the RMC plant and
then delivered straight to the construction site.
• Preparation at the RMC Plant:

• The RMC plant mixes all the ingredients needed for concrete: cement, sand,
gravel (aggregates), and water. Sometimes, special chemicals (additives)
are also added to change the properties of the concrete.
• The mix is done in precise amounts, based on the project’s requirements, so
the concrete is consistent and strong.

2. Transportation to the Site:

• Once mixed, the concrete is loaded into a transit mixer truck. This truck
has a rotating drum that keeps the concrete moving, preventing it from
setting or hardening during transport.
• The truck drives the concrete directly to the construction site, saving time
and effort.

3. Pouring at the Construction Site:

• When the truck reaches the site, the concrete is unloaded and poured into the
prepared molds or foundations on the construction site. The concrete is ready
to use right away.
• This process helps avoid the need for mixing concrete on-site, making it
faster and more efficient.

• 1-WAY SLAB:
• 1-way slab: Carries main steel only in 1 direction.
• A one-way slab is a concrete slab that carries loads in one direction. It's a
simple, economical choice for rectangular floor plans, such as corridors,
footpaths, and pavements.
• 2-WAY SLAB:

• A "two-way slab" in construction is a type of reinforced concrete slab that is

supported on all four sides and designed to bend and distribute loads in two
perpendicular directions, meaning it transfers load to the supporting walls or
beams on all sides, making it ideal for wider spans and heavier loads
compared to a one-way slab which primarily bends in one direction;
typically, a two-way slab is identified by having a length-to-width ratio less
than 2, meaning the slab is nearly square or rectangular with similar spans in
both directions.

• Diameter/size of Steel bars used in slab are required according to design

structure, one way slab, two-way slab.

• 2-way slab: Carries main steel only in 2 directions.

• 1 way & 2-way slab are identified by their spans.
• Steel bars used in slab are of dia. Is 25mm,20mm.
• Shuttering of slab is removed after about 14-21 days. Wooden shuttering is
used.
• Cover for slab: 20mm.
• Concrete used for slab casting: M25
• Needle vibrator is used while slab casting to remove voids.
Fig No. 02 SLAB
3.4 BEAM
A beam in construction is a horizontal or sloping structural element that supports

loads and distributes weight. Beams are used in buildings, bridges, roofs, and other

structures.

The choice of beam depends on the structure's design and requirements. Beams can

be I-beams, T-beams, or other shapes.

Cover for beam: 25 mm

Steel bars used for beam are of dia. is 20, 16mm.

Stirrups are placed at regular interval.

Stirrups are of 2-legged.

Stirrups are used to hold the bars together in RCC structure.

Beam Construction Process

• Formwork: For concrete beams, formwork (temporary molds) is built to

shape the beam before the concrete is poured.
• Reinforcement: Steel rebar is placed inside the formwork to provide
additional strength to the beam, especially against bending and tension.
• Pouring Concrete: Concrete is poured into the formwork and around the
reinforcement.
• Curing: The concrete is left to cure (harden) for a specified period to
achieve the required strength.
• Removal of Formwork: After the concrete has set, the formwork is
removed, and the beam is ready to be used. Slab and beam both are casted at
a same time.
A beam is like the backbone of a building or bridge, carrying weight and
making sure everything stays in place. Beams come in different shapes,
sizes, and materials, but they all share the same function of providing
support and resisting bending forces.
3.5. COLUMN
A column is a vertical structural element that primarily carries compressive loads
from the upper parts of a structure, such as beams, floors, or roofs, and transfers
them down to foundations or other supporting structures .
3.5.1 Column construction process
Formwork
• A temporary mold also called formwork is built to shape the column
before the concrete is poured. The formwork is made from materials like
wood, metal, or plastic and holds the wet concrete in place while it hardens.
2. Reinforcement
• Reinforcement bars are placed inside the formwork. The rebar is essential
because it gives the column additional strength, helping it resist bending and
tension under the weight it will carry.
3. Pouring Concrete
• Once the reinforcement is in place, concrete is poured into the formwork,
surrounding the rebar. The concrete is poured in layers to avoid air pockets
and ensure it fills the formwork completely.
4. Curing (Hardening Process)
• After pouring, the concrete is left to cure. Curing is the process where the
concrete hardens and gains strength. This can take several days, and it’s
crucial to keep the concrete moist during this time to prevent cracking and to
ensure it achieves its full strength.
5. Removal of Formwork
• After the concrete has set and cured, the formwork is removed, and the
column is now solid and ready to be used in the building structure.
🞅 Cover of column: 40mm
🞅 Concrete grade used: M25
🞅 Observed flared column on site.
🞅 In column, stirrups are also known as ties.
🞅 Stirrups are of 6-legged.
🞅 Ties are used to keep the bars in place and prevent buckling.
3.5.2 FLARED COLUMN
• A flared column is a type of column that gradually increases in width as it
moves upward from the base. Unlike traditional straight columns, which
have a uniform cross-section, the flared column has a wider base and tapers
as it rises, forming a shape that looks like an hourglass or a flare.
3.5.3 Applications of Flared Columns:
• Architectural Aesthetic: They are often used in buildings or structures where
the design is as important as the functionality, such as in government
buildings, monuments, or public spaces.
• Stability in Large Structures: Flared columns can be used in large buildings,
bridges, and towers to handle heavy loads or provide stability against lateral
forces.
• SHUTTERING USED MIVAN
Mivan shuttering is a construction technique that uses aluminum formwork
to create columns, walls, and beams. It's a faster and more durable method
than traditional construction techniques.
• Benefits of Mivan Construction Formwork
Faster completion time, which enables builders to complete their projects
within schedule. Increased seismic resistance, making buildings more
resistant to earthquakes.
• Requires a lesser number of joints, thus reducing the chances of leakage.
Mivan shuttering for columns, you should remove the formwork after 16-24
hours once the concrete has gained sufficient strength.

Fig No. 03 FLARED COLUMN

3.5.4 RCC COLUMN

RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) column is a vertical structural element
made from concrete and steel reinforcement. These columns are designed to
carry loads from the structure above, including floors, beams, and roofs, and
transfer them to the foundation below.

3.5.5 Applications of RCC Columns:

• Residential Buildings: For multi-story buildings, RCC columns are
essential to support the weight of the floors above.
• Commercial Buildings: Skyscrapers, office buildings, and shopping
malls often use RCC columns due to their strength and ability to support
large loads.

Fig No. 04 RCC COLUMN

SHUTTERING USED OF WOODEN
Timber has a high thermal resilience, preventing concrete degradation in colder
climates. Timber formwork is light weight so it is easy handle. Timber formworks
are also easy to disassemble. It can be easy to remove damaged parts of formwork
with new one. You should wait at least 24 hours after casting before removing
column shuttering. However, the exact time depends on the type of concrete and
weather conditions.
3.6 ELECTRICAL FITTIG
Electrical fittings during construction involve the installation of various electrical
systems and components that will power the building once completed. These
fittings are critical for the functioning of lights, fans, outlets, air conditioning,
heating, and other electrical equipment in a building.
3.6.1 BLACK PIPES ARE USED ON SITE:
Uses of Black Pipe in Electrical Systems:
1. Protecting Electrical Cables: Black pipe is used to house and protect
electrical wires and cables, ensuring they are shielded from external damage.
2. Underground Wiring: In some cases, black pipe can be used for wiring
underground, providing additional protection against moisture and external
pressure.
3. Outdoor and Industrial Installations: Black pipe is commonly used in
outdoor and industrial environments where electrical wiring may be exposed
to extreme conditions, such as in factories, warehouses, and construction
sites.
4. Conduit for Power Distribution: It’s used in the electrical distribution
system to house the main power lines and ensure safety in both residential
and commercial applications.
• The electric fitting is also known as council fitting in construction industry
to describe electrical work.
• It is observed that all installation process is done during the construction
such as outlets.
• Other electrical components being installed as the building is being built.
BEFORE CASTING AFTER CASTING
Fig No. 05
3.7 COMPACTION WORK

• Plate compactor machine was used on site.

• Compaction is used to improve the stability and bearing capacity of soil.
• It settles the soil.
• Compaction is achieved by applying mechanical energy to soil.
Plate compaction work is a key part of the construction process, especially when
preparing the ground or soil for foundations or other structures. It is performed to
ensure that the soil or base material is compacted enough to bear the loads of the
structure being built.
What is Plate Compaction?
Plate compaction is a process where a compactor plate (a heavy, flat machine) is
used to apply pressure to the soil or other base material to reduce air gaps and
compact the material. The purpose is to increase the density of the soil, making it
more stable and able to bear heavier loads.
 Fig No. 06 COMPACTION WORK

3.8 SAFETY NORMS

Safety on construction sites is crucial to prevent accidents and ensure the well-
being of workers. Here are some essential safety norms that should be followed on
construction sites:
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Hard Hats: To protect against falling objects or head injuries.
• Safety Footwear: Steel-toe boots to protect against falling objects and
punctures.
• Gloves: To protect hands from cuts, abrasions, and chemical exposure.
• Eye Protection: Safety goggles or face shields to protect from dust,
flying debris, or chemicals.
2. Fall Protection

• Guardrails: For elevated platforms, scaffolds, and open edges.

• Safety Nets: For high-rise work where fall prevention is critical.
• Harnesses and Lanyards: Workers working at heights should always use fall-
arrest systems.
• Scaffolding: Properly erected scaffolding with secure platforms and
guardrails.

3. Safe Equipment Use

• Regular inspection of machinery and tools for maintenance and safety

checks.
• Proper training for operators of machinery such as cranes, forklifts, and
bulldozers.
• Equipment should have safety devices such as emergency stop buttons,
alarms, and backup alarms.

4. Material Handling

• Ensure proper storage and handling of materials to avoid accidents like

tripping or falling objects.
• Use lifting equipment for heavy materials instead of manual lifting to reduce
injury risks.
• Ensure materials like bricks, cement bags, and steel are properly stacked to
avoid collapse.
Fig no. 07 PPE KIT
 CHAPTER NO. 04
CONCLUSION

Learned about slab, beam, column, block work, electrical fitting and achieved
practical knowledge.
It was nice experience dealing with different types of people at construction
site.
It is important to me that the practical knowledge is most essential to be a civil
engineer. It is seen that practical knowledge is used not only on site but also in
office work.
Communication skill and management skill are also gained not the site.
Overall, the internship is very important as a civil engineer as it gives you
chance to implement theoretical knowledge into practical knowledge.
 CHAPTER NO. 05
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely express a deep sense of gratitude towards our respected Ms. S. R.

Tadge for her valuable guidance, profound advice, persistent Encouragement
and help during the completion of this industrial training. Her time-to-time
helpful suggestion boosted us to complete this task successfully. She has helped
me in all possible way right from gathering the information to report
presentation.
I express thanks to Dr. A. B. Saner Head of Civil Engineering Department
for their kind cooperation during my industrial training.

With deep sense of gratitude, I thank to principal Dr. G. K. Kharate and

management of Matoshri College of Engineering and research Center Eklahre,
Nashik for providing all necessary.