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Complete_Detailed_CSharp_Notes

The Complete C# Language Guide provides an overview of C#, a modern object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft for various applications. It covers essential topics such as variables, data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, arrays, methods, object-oriented programming principles, exception handling, file handling, and advanced concepts like interfaces and delegates. Each section includes examples to illustrate the concepts discussed.

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2 views6 pages

Complete_Detailed_CSharp_Notes

The Complete C# Language Guide provides an overview of C#, a modern object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft for various applications. It covers essential topics such as variables, data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, arrays, methods, object-oriented programming principles, exception handling, file handling, and advanced concepts like interfaces and delegates. Each section includes examples to illustrate the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

masoompatel09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete C# Language Guide

1. Introduction to C#

C# (pronounced C-Sharp) is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft as

part of its .NET initiative. It is designed for building a wide range of applications including web, mobile,

desktop, and games. C# is type-safe, scalable, and supports modern programming features like garbage

collection, exception handling, and asynchronous programming.

Example:

using System;

class Program {

static void Main() {

Console.WriteLine("Welcome to C# Programming!");

2. Variables and Data Types

Variables are containers for storing data values. Each variable in C# must be declared with a data type.

Common Data Types:

- int: Stores integers (e.g., 1, 100, -10)

- float/double: Stores decimal numbers

- char: Stores a single character (e.g., 'A')

- string: Stores text (e.g., "Hello")

- bool: Stores true or false

Example:

int age = 30;

string name = "Alice";

bool isStudent = false;

3. Operators
Complete C# Language Guide

Operators are symbols used to perform operations on variables and values.

Types of Operators:

- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %

- Comparison: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

- Logical: &&, ||, !

- Assignment: =, +=, -=, *=

Example:

int a = 10, b = 5;

int sum = a + b;

bool isEqual = (a == b);

4. Conditional Statements

Conditional statements allow you to execute specific blocks of code based on certain conditions.

Types:

- if

- if-else

- else if

- switch

Example:

int number = 10;

if (number > 0) {

Console.WriteLine("Positive number");

} else {

Console.WriteLine("Non-positive number");

5. Loops
Complete C# Language Guide

Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly.

Types:

- for: loops with a known number of iterations

- while: loops while a condition is true

- do-while: loops at least once, then checks condition

Example:

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

Console.WriteLine(i);

6. Arrays

An array is a collection of elements of the same type stored in a contiguous memory location.

Example:

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4};

Console.WriteLine(numbers[0]); // Outputs 1

You can also declare an array like:

int[] values = new int[5];

7. Methods

Methods are blocks of code that perform a specific task. They make code reusable and organized.

Syntax:

returnType MethodName(parameters) {

// code

Example:
Complete C# Language Guide

void Greet(string name) {

Console.WriteLine("Hello " + name);

Greet("John");

8. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

OOP is a programming paradigm that organizes code using objects and classes. Key principles:

- Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods

- Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones

- Polymorphism: One interface, multiple implementations

- Abstraction: Hiding complexity using interfaces or abstract classes

Example:

class Animal {

public virtual void Speak() {

Console.WriteLine("Animal speaks");

class Dog : Animal {

public override void Speak() {

Console.WriteLine("Dog barks");

9. Classes and Objects

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. An object is an instance of a class.

Example:

class Car {

public string color = "Red";


Complete C# Language Guide

public void Drive() {

Console.WriteLine("Driving...");

Car myCar = new Car();

myCar.Drive();

10. Exception Handling

Exception handling deals with errors that occur during program execution. C# uses try-catch-finally blocks.

Example:

try {

int result = 10 / 0;

} catch (DivideByZeroException e) {

Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e.Message);

11. File Handling

C# provides classes in the System.IO namespace to work with files.

Example:

File.WriteAllText("file.txt", "Hello");

string content = File.ReadAllText("file.txt");

Console.WriteLine(content);

12. Advanced Concepts

- Interfaces: Define contracts

- Delegates: Point to methods

- Events: Notify when something happens

- LINQ: Query collections


Complete C# Language Guide

- async/await: Asynchronous programming

Interface Example:

interface IShape {

void Draw();

Delegate Example:

delegate void MyDelegate(string msg);

MyDelegate del = Console.WriteLine;

del("Hello from delegate");

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