MODULE III.

ANIMALPRODUCTION TOPICAL REVISION QUESTIONS.

ANIMAL HEALTH III.

1. Describe acidiosis and bloat in respect to ; 2012

(a) Causes associated with feeding (2marks)

(b) Clinical signs (6 marks)

(c) Treatment ;both manual and chemical) (6marks)

(d) Control (6marks)

2. State three control measures and symptoms of plant poisoning (5marks) 2009

3. Explain man made hazards that can cause poisoning in animals (5marks)

4. Describe ways of reducing incidences of bloat in livestock (10marks)

5. Describe grass staagger disease in cattle under the following headings; cause, clinical signs
and control (15marks) 2014

6. Discuss milk fever/ketosis under the following headings; cause and type of animal affected
(7marks), symptoms (4marks) and prevention and control (4marks) 2004/2014

7 Discuss ketosis (acetonaemia)/milk fever (parturient paresis) disease in dairy cows under the
following headings; causes, pre disposing factors, symptoms and treatment (10marks)

DAIRY PRODUCTION.

1.State the composition of true fats (2 marks) 2016

2. State the role of carotene in milk (3 marks) 2016

3. Describe the flavour of milk (2 marks) 2016

4. Highlight the sources of abnormal flavour in milk (6 marks) 2016

5. Highlight the role of the following institutions in the marketing of milk and milk

products; 2016

(a) Dairy cooperatives (2marks)

 (b) Kenya dairy board (2marks)
(c) Ministry of agriculture, livestock and fisheries (2marks)

6. Describe the feeding of a dairy cow between 0-90 days (10 marks)

7. (a) Outline solutions to constraints facing the dairy industry in Kenya (9marks)

(b) Expalin the impediments of expanding the exotic dairy cattle breeds in Kenya (8marks) 2008

8. Explain reasons why lactation is the most challenging stage in feeding dairy cow (4marks)

9. Outline the feeding strategy of mid-to-late lactation (4marks)

10. Discuss the management of a lactating cow stating the significance of the first three months
of lactation and the last three months before calving (10marks)

11. Describe feeding in calf rearing (5marks)

13. Describe the precautions necessary to obtain clean milk (8marks)

14. Describe the process of milk let down (12 marks)

15. State three merits and demerits of dairy farming over beef farming (6marks)

16. The graph below shows the foetus growth and changes that occur in a dairy cow lactation
cycle. Study and answer the questions that follow; 2009

DIAGRAM

(a) Identify the phases A,B, C and point D (4marks)

(b) Name the curves labeled 1, 2 and 3 (3marks)
(c) Expalin the shapes of the curves labeled 1 and 2 (9marks)

17. (a) Explain the recommended period of insemination for a dairy cow after calving (3marks)
2009

(b) Differentiate between heat interval and calving interval (2marks) 2009

18. Discuss five factors that affect the composition of milk (15marks) 2009

19. (a) Discuss the importance of a good milking machine (10marks) 2005
(b) Explain the factors considered before installing a milking machine (10marks) 2007

20. Explain the advantages of providing colostrum to newly born calves in early days of thei
lives (6marks) 2005

21. Describe five ways of determining reproductive efficiency in dairy cows (6marks) 2005

22. Explain five factors considered when selecting a dairy system of production (10marks) 2005

23. Small scale farmers experience losses through the death of livestock at early stages of life.
Explain ways of reducing calf mortality (14marks) 2005

24. Highlight ways of ensuring zero grazing hygiene (5marks) 2013

25. Highlight the importance of dairy records (10marks)

26. Describe various lactation stages in dairy cows (10marks) 2007

26. Discuss pre disposing factors that lead to poor health in calves (10marks) 2008/2007

27. Highlight the features considered in scoring, to judge a mammary system of a dairy cow
(5marks) 2014

28. Highlight the precautions to be taken for survival of a calf after calving (10marks) 2014

29. The figure illustrates three graphs showing the relationship between milk production, body
weight changes, and dry matter intake at different stages of lactation in a cow.Study it and
answer the questions that follow; (2014)

DIAGRAM

(a) Identify the ggraphs P, Q and R (3marks)

(b) Ddescribe the identified graphs in a (8marks0
(c) Identify phase C (3marks)
(d) Describe the mastitits control that should be done in phase C (6marks)

30. State four causes of low peak in early lactation (4marks) 2010

31. State factors to consider when establishing grazing forage on a small scale farm (5marks)

32. Discuss management practices that are used to minimize dystocia in cows (10marks) 2008

33. Explain; 2008

(a) the effect of high protein diet and inadequate water provision on milk yield in dairy cow
(5marks)

(b) the feeding measures that can reduce bloat in livestock (5marks)

34. Highlight traits of economic importance in dairy production (5marks)

35. (a) Outline the procedure of removing extra teats in dairy animals (5marks) 2012

(b) Describe practices and techniques in milking (10marks) 2012

BEE KEEPING.

1. Describe swarming/absconding/migration in bees with respect to: 2016/2011

(a) Meaning (2marks)

(b) Causes (6marks)

(c) Signs (6marks)

(d) Control (6marks)

2. List factors that determine the quality of honey (4marks)

3. Discuss the types of bee production systems in ranches (10 marks)

4. Discuss artificial feeding of bees based on supplements of nector and pollen (10marks)

5. Outline the desirable qualities to look for when breeding bees (3marks)

6. Discuss apiculture under the following topics; 2004/2013

(a) temperature control in hive (8marks)

(b) swarming (7marks)

 (c) absconding (5marks)

7. Study behavior of bees has revealed interesting characteristics. Explain the unique
characteristics exhibited by bees (15marks) 2005

8. Explain the factors considered when sitting an apiary (5marks) 2014/2005

9. State the characteristics of Apis mellifera adansonii bee that differentiates if from the european
bee (5marks) 2013

10. Describe the following behavioural aspects in bees; absconding, nuptical flight, supercedure
and migration (4marks) 2013

11. (a) Explain why honey is a good preservative of low moisture foods (5marks) 2007

(b) Discuss the properties of honey in relation to its preservation and utilization (10marks)
2008

12. Discuss the problems associated with harvesting honey at night (10marks) 2007

13. Describe the features of a drone bee (5marks) 2007

14.Describe any four factors considered in the grading of liquid honey (8marks) 2014

15. Explain any three situations that may lead to rearing of a new queen by bees in a colony
(8marks) 2014

16. Explain the effects of the following on sustainable bee keeping; clearing of forests, forest
fires and cultivationof water catchment areas (10marks) 2007

17. Discuss the effects of pesticide poisoning on honey bees (10marks) 2007

18. Discuss dearth period in relation to seasonal management of honey bees (10marks) 2007

19. Explain the importance of honey bee colony inspection (6marks) 2010/2012

20. Outline the procedure of opening a beehive (14marks) 2010

21. Explain four factors considered in quality control of honey (8marks) 2010

22. Describe the work divisions according to age in worker bees (10marks) 2008

23. Describe three materials collected by worker bees (6marks) 2013

23. State economic importance of bee keeping and procedureof honey harvesting (10marks)
2012
24. Give three examples in each of the following; bee diseases, bee pest and bee predator
(9marks) 2011

GOAT PRODUCTION.

1. Describe adaptation features of a goat to arid and semi arid areas (5marks)

2. Goats are usually reared by farmers within intensive crop production areas. Explain the
benefits of integrating crop system with goat production (5marks)

3. Describe the following management practises in goats; Hoof trimming, drenching and
vaccination (9marks)

4. Outline the features of a good housing structure (6marks)

5. Describe sem iintensive system of goat management (20marks)

6. Explain factors affecting reproductive efficiency (RE) and methods of improving it in shoats
(10marks)

7. Highlight the importance ofrearing shoats over cattle (5marks)

8. Outline the importance of housing farm animals (4marks)

9. In reference to shoats; 2009

(a) explain the term controlled mating (3marks)

(b) state advantages of controlled mating (6marks)

10. Explain how shoats should be prepared for tupping in order to improve the conception rate
(3marks) 2009

11. Suggest four factors that would affect twinning in goats (4marks) 2005

12. Explain how the following breeding programmes can be used by farmers in improving
quality of dairy goats in Kenya; 2014

(a) Pedigree (4marks)

 (b) Upgarding (10marks)

(c) Cross breeding (6marks)

13. Describe seven routine management practices in dairy goat production (7marks) 2012

15. state five hygienic measures that should be observed in dairy goat production (5marks) 2012

16. Highlight management practices for effective feeding in dairy goats (8marks) 2012

17. Describe clean milk oroduction in dairy goats (4marks) 2011

18. describe the characteristics of a suitable goats house(5marks) 2011

SHEEP PRODUCTION.

1. Highlight the basis on which sheep are classified (5marks) 2016

2. Highlight the reason for dividing flocks of sheep and goats into various classes (5marks) 2016

(a) Explain any three methods of heat synchronization in sheep and goats (6marks) 2016

(b) Give any four advantages of heat synchronization in sheep and goats (4marks) 2016

3. Explain requirements for accelerated breeding programme in sheep lambing (5marks)

4. Describe the management of sheep under the following;

(a) management before and during mating (5marks)

(b) management during gestation period (5marks)

(c) management at lambing (5marks)

(d) rearingof lambs (5marks)

5. Discuss causes and prevention of lamb death in the first two weeks of life (20marks)

6.. Outline the factors that can lead to the culling of an ewe (8marks) 2007

7. Highlight any four merits and two demerits of crutching ewes before lambing (6marks) 2014

8 (a) Explain management practices for producing and maintaining wool quality (12marks) 2014
 (b)Explain the factors that are considered in determining the quality of fleece/wool (10marks)
2008/2014

(c) Explain how the quality of wool may be maintained (10marks) 2008

(d) In reference to wool fibre; name four quality attributes f wool and state four ways of
maintaining quality (6marks) 2010

9. Discuss the following terms as used in sheep management ie sheep classing and crutching
(10marks) 2007

10 Outline the defects for which sheep should be culled (5marks) 2007

11. Explain the role of a mating apron/band in shoats (4marks)

12. State the period at which the following supplementary feeding are recommended in the
reproductive cycle of ewes/dams ;steaming up and flushing (3marks) 2010

14. Highlight the factors considered in sheep for; increased fertility and desirable wool traits
(8marks) 2012

15. Explain the hereditary defects that reduce sheep producing ability (7marks) 2012

16. Describe management practices in ewes (9marks) 2005

17. Outline the importance of housing sheep (3marks) 2009

18. Discuss breeding management in sheep (20marks) 2004

19. Highlight factors considered in sheep for increased fertility (4marks) 2012

20. Expplain the hereditary defects that reduce sheep producing ability (7marks) 2012

BEEF PRODUCTION.

1. Explain any five factors that influence the choice of a beef breed to be reared (10 marks) 2016

2. (a) Define the term stocking unit (2 marks) 2016

(b) State any four factors that influence the stocking rate in pasture land (4marks) 2016

3. Describe routine management of beef cattle under the following headings;

(a) preparationof a breeding herd for service (6marks)

 (b) gestation and calving (4marks)

(c) rearing young stock (10marks)

4. Outline the process of stocking a hive (10marks)

5. Outline the process of honey harvesting (10marks)

6. In reference to beef production;

(a) define the term creep feeding

(b) enumerate the condition under which creep feeding is recommended

(c) state the advantage of creep feeding (10marks) 2009

7. Outline the management strategies to counteract the effect of periodic drought in beef
producing arid and semi arid lands (5marks) 2009

8. Explain the economic significance of compensatory growth in beef farming (5marks) 2009

9. Discuss; 2004

(a) feedlot system of beef production in Kenya (10marks)

(b) management of a fattening stock in beef production (5marks)

10. State the importance of beef production in Kenya (5marks) 2004

11.(a) State the importance of weight determination of live animals in beef production (5marks)
2013

(b) List three methods used to determine weight of animals (3marks) 2013

12. Explain the challenges facing beef cattle production in the savannah grasslands (12marks)
2013/2012

13. Explain the calving management when the beef cow has dystocia (6marks) 2014

14. Describe the beef bull examination in pre mating management (5marks) 2014

15. Describe the following beef production systems in Kenya; nomadic pastoralism, ranching
and agro-pastoralism (9marks) 2014

16. Suggest three characteristics of a beef animal that would enhance kill-out percentage
(3marks) 2007

17. Define and discuss compensatory growth in beef cattle (8marks)

18. Describe the guidelines used in selecting herd bulls in beef cattle production (8marks) 2014

19. Describe the following factors used in carcass evaluation of beef meat; conformation, finish
and quality (9marks) 2014

20. Discuss the preparation of a breeding herd for service (8marks) 2007

21. Explain five challenges facing beef marketing and how they can be overcome(10marks) 2010

22. Highlight the important beef characteristics under the following factors; phenotype, genotype
and environment (10marks) 2010

23. (a) Discuss the factors considered when establishing a beef herd (10marks) 2008

(b) Explain the factors considered in economic beef feeder calf production (10marks) 2012

24. Discuss proliferation and effects of clostridium botulinum in beef cattle (10marks) 2008

25. Explain the attributes of Boran cattle that makes its suitability for beef production (10marks)
2008

26. Discuss marbling in relation to beef cattle (8marks) 2007

CONVENTIONAL ANIMALS.

1. Distinguish between game cropping and culling (2marks) 2016

2. State the reasons for the following; 2016

(a) game cropping (3marks)

(b) Culling (3marks)

3. Explain the requirements for quality bush meat (12marks)

4. Explains three methods by which wild game could be utilized for meat production purposes
(3marks)

5. Explain difficulties encountered in marketing wild game meat (3marks)

6. (a) Discuss reasons/importance for the wild game conservation in Kenya (7marks) 2007/2012

(b) State any five economic important values of keeping reptiles in Kenya (5marks) 2008/2013

7. Explain the principle of animal population management in wildlife (14marks)

8. Discuss management and utilization of wildlife in Kenya (20marks) 2004

9. Explain five methods of game cropping in Kenya (10marks)

10. Discuss five problems caused by game animals (10marks)

11. (a) Name the four major regions in the tropics where game cropping could become
commercialized (4marks) 2013

(b) List any four wild game products besides skin and hides (2marks) 2013

12. Explain the limitations/challenges to sustained game cropping (6marks) 2013

13. Discuss measures that would reduce conflict between human and wildlife (12marks)

14. Explain four approaches that are used in estimating wildlife population (12marks) 2014

15. Discuss the limitations facing crocodile farming in Kenya (8marks) 2014

16. Explain three principles by which wildlife can be exploited commercially (6marks) 2010

17. Highlight the problems of game animal with respect to neighbouring farming communities
(4marks) 2010

18. Highlight the principle of wildlife population management (10marks) 2012

RABBIT PRODUCTION.

1. (a) Give the importance of rabbit keeping in Kenya (5 marks) 2016/2005/2013/2012

(b) Explain the advantages of rabbits as a meat producing animal (5marks) 2004

(c) Explain the advantages of keeping rabbits to a small scale farmer (10marks)

2. Outline the procedure of handling a doe which proves difficult to be mated in rabbit breeding
(5marks) 2016

3. (a) Describe the distinctive characteristics of any three breeds of rabbits reared in Kenya
(9marks) 2004

(b) State the characteristic of the following rabbit breeds; 2016/2013/2014

(i) New Zealand white (2 marks)

 (ii) California white (2 marks)

4. Give any five physical characteristics of a male rabbit for breeding (5marks) 2016

5. Describe attributes of a good meat producing rabbit (5marks)

6. Discuss enteritis or scour diseases of rabbits under the following headings; Causes, symptoms
and prevention/treatment (10marks)

7. Describe the management of the Doe and the young ones (10marks)

8. Explain;

(a) problems facing the rabbit industry in Kenya (5marks)

(b) prophylactic measures of diease preventionin rabbits (5marks)

9. Describe two methods of pregnancy diagnosis in rabbits (7marks) 2009

10. Explain why the doe should be taken to the buck during mating (3marks) 2009

11. Describe the management of a rabbit buck (6marks)

12. Outline why rabbit keeping should be encouraged in Kenya (5marks)

13. Describe breeding and kindling in rabbits (10marks) 2013/2011

14. Describe the handling of an adult rabbit (5marks) 2014

15. (a) State any three reasons why rabbits multiply very fast (3marks) 2014

(b) Explain the significance of fast growth rate in rabbits (5marks)

16. Describe rabbit ear canker disease under the followingheadings; causal organism, symptoms
and treatment and control (15marks) 2014

16. Highlight the characteristics of rabbit meat (5marks) 2014

17. Highlight the feeding management of greens to rabbits (5marks) 2007

18. (a) Outline the problems facing rabbit industry in Kenya (5marks) 2007

(b) Illustrate the milk yield curve of a rabbit (4marks) 2007

(c) Explain the latest age in weeks at which rabbit kids should be weaned (5marks) 2007

19. State four kinds of protection a rabbit hutch should provide (4marks) 2010
20. Explain four factors that should be considered in selecting a mature buck for mating breeding
does (10marks) 2010

21. State reasons why does with poor body condition should not be included in a synchronized
breeding system (3marks) 2010

22. (a) Explain factors that affect feed intake in rabbits (10marks) 2012

(b) Give merits of raising rabbits on extensive system of production (5marks) 2012

ANIMAL PRODUCTS.

1. Explain five factors affecting the quality of hides and skin (10marks)
2. Describe the following preservation methods used in hides and skin; wet salting,
suspension drying on frames and dry salting (12marks) 2009
3. Explain the principle used in the 10 minute resazurin test in milk (7marks) 2009
4. Describe the processing of UHT milk and give its advantages (10marks) 2005
5. Discuss the physical properties of milk (10marks)
6. Discuss the compositional properties of milk that male it ideal for human consumption
(10marks)2008
7. Differentiate between mesophilic and thermophilic starter culture as used in milk
processing (2marks) 2013
8. State the basic practical requirements for production of good quality cultured milk
(8marks) 2013
9. State the factors that lower the value of hides (6marks) 2013
10. Outline the procedure for slaughter and carcass dressing in beef production (14marks)
2013
11. Describe the air drying of hides and skin (10marks) 2014
12. Outline the steps followed in suspension air drying of hides and skins (5marks) 20114
13. Describe the grading of hides and skin citing its importance (5marks)
14. Highlight five advantages of honey processing 5marks) 2014

ANIMAL HANDLING.

1. Explain the visual body scoring in animals (3marks) 2014

2. Enumerate the merits of body scoring (7marks) 2014