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PCC-CS402

The presentation on 'Basics of Pipeline' explains pipelining as a technique in computer architecture that improves CPU efficiency by overlapping instruction execution. It outlines the basic components of a pipeline, compares pipelined execution to sequential execution, and discusses hazards and techniques to mitigate them. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of effective hazard management for optimizing modern processors' performance.

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5 views10 pages

PCC-CS402

The presentation on 'Basics of Pipeline' explains pipelining as a technique in computer architecture that improves CPU efficiency by overlapping instruction execution. It outlines the basic components of a pipeline, compares pipelined execution to sequential execution, and discusses hazards and techniques to mitigate them. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of effective hazard management for optimizing modern processors' performance.

Uploaded by

sulagna.palit.23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY

Department: CSE Semester: Fourth (4th )


Paper Name: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Paper Code: PCC-CS402

Power Point Presentation on


BASICS OF PIPELINE
Presented by
Name of the Student: Sulagna Palit
University Roll No: 16900123131
INTRODUCTION

• Definition: Pipelining is a technique used in computer


architecture to enhance instruction throughput.
• Purpose: Improves the efficiency of CPU operations by
overlapping instruction execution.
• Basic Concept: Multiple instructions are processed
simultaneously in different pipeline stages.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A PIPELINE
• Instruction Fetch (IF): Fetches instruction from memory.
• Instruction Decode (ID): Decodes instruction and
retrieves necessary registers.
• Execute (EX): Performs arithmetic/logic operations.
• Memory Access (MEM): Reads/writes data from/to
memory.
• Write Back (WB): Writes results back to registers.
PIPELINING VS. SEQUENTIAL
EXECUTION
• Sequential Execution: One instruction is executed at a time.
• Pipelined Execution: Multiple instructions are executed
simultaneously at different stages.
HAZARDS IN PIPELINING
• Structural Hazard: When multiple instructions compete for
the same resource.
• Data Hazard: When instructions depend on previous
instruction results.
• Control Hazard: Caused by branch instructions affecting
instruction flow.
TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE PIPELINE
HAZARDS

• Forwarding (Bypassing): Using results directly instead of


waiting for write-back.
• Stalling (Pipeline Interlocking): Delaying instruction
execution to resolve dependencies.
• Branch Prediction: Predicting branch outcomes to
minimize delays.
• Speculative Execution: Executing instructions ahead of
time and rolling back if needed.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
PIPELINING
• Advantages:
• Increases CPU throughput.
• Efficient utilization of CPU resources.
• Faster instruction execution.
• Disadvantages:
• Increased complexity in handling hazards.
• Higher hardware costs.
• Some instructions may not be pipeline-friendly.
CONCLUSION
• Pipelining enhances CPU efficiency by processing
multiple instructions concurrently.
• Modern processors rely heavily on pipelining for
performance optimization.
• Managing hazards effectively is crucial for pipeline
efficiency.
REFERENCES

• Computer System Architecture – M. Morris Mano


• Computer Organization & Architecture by T.K. Ghosh
THANK YOU

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