ASSIGNMENT

CHAPTER 1: SIMPLE STRESS AND STRAIN

1. Define:
1. Toughness
2. Ductility
3. Isotropic, anisotropic and orthotropic materials.
4. Bulk Modulus
5. St. Venant’s principle
6. Stress concentration
7. Poisson’ s ratio
8. Proof stress
9. Strain hardening

2. Determine the change in length of circular tapering bar.(refer to G.B.Motra Sir Book)

3. A flat steel plate of trapezoidal form of uniform thickness of 10 mm and tapers uniformly
from a width 50 mm to 100 mm in length of 400 mm. Determine the elongation of the plate
under an axial force of 50 KN at each end. Take E = 2.5 x 105 N/mm2. (Refer to GB Motra
Sir Book for the derivation)

4. Derive an expression for the elongation of uniform solid circular bar of diameter 'D' , length
'L' , modulus of elasticity E and weight density ′𝜌′, due to self weight and applied load 'P'
at its lower end, when the bar is suspended vertically from one end. (refer to example 5.10
of G.B.Motra Sir Book)
5. Derive the relation for increase in volume 𝛥𝑉 of a prismatic bar of length l hanging
𝑊𝑙
vertically under its own weight. 𝛥𝑉 = (1 − 2𝜈) (refer to example 5.13 of G.B.Motra
2𝐸

Sir Book)

6. Determine the elongation of the bar shown. E = 2.10 × 10^5 N/mm2 [Ans : 13.47 mm]

7. A rigid bar AB hinged to a vertical wall and supported horizontally by tie rod CD as shown
in fig 2. The tie bar has cross sectional area 0.5cm2 and its allowable stress in tension is
1500kg/cm2. Find the safe value of P and the vertical deflection of point A. Take E for tie
bar 2x106 kg/cm2. (Ans: 225kg, 6.25mm)
8. A system of bars is loaded as shown in figure 3. Find the axial load in each bar due to 20KN
load. All bars are of steel. (Ans: 5.858, 5.858, 11.716kN)

9. A horizontal rigid bar AB is hinged to a vertical wall at A and supported by two wires BD
and CD and the strut EC as shown in figure. Each wire has cross-sectional area of 0.7 cm2
and working stress 3000 kg/cm2. The strut has a buckling strength of 1500kg in
compression. Calculate the safe load P for the system. (Ans: 1628.2kg)

10.A vertical rod of length 3m tapers uniformly from diameter of 80mm at top to 40mm at
the bottom. If it is rigidly fixed at the upper end and is subjected to the axial load of 45KN,
determine the total extension in the bar. Take density of material=2x105 kg/m3 and
Young’s modulus=210 GPa
11. Figure shows a round steel rod supported in a recess and surrounded by co-axial brass
tube. The upper end of the rod is 0.1mm below that of the tube and an axial load is applied
to a rigid plate resting on the top of the tube. (i) Determine the magnitude of the maximum
permissible load if the compressive stress in the rod is not to exceed 110 MN/m2 and that
in the tube is not to exceed 80 MN/m2. (ii) Find the amount by which the tube will be
shortened by the load if the compressive stress in the tube is the same as that in the rod.
Take: Es =200 GN/m2; Eb=100 GN/m2.
THERMAL STRESSES

1. A copper flat measuring 60 mm × 30 mm is brazed to another 60 mm × 60 mm mild steel flat as

shown in figure. If the combination is heated through 120 ° C, determine:

i. The stress produced in each bar

ii. Shear force which tends to rupture the brazing

iii. Shear stress

Take: 𝛼𝑐 = 18.5 × 10−6 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶

𝛼𝑠 = 12 × 10−6 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶𝐸𝑐 = 110 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 𝐸𝑠 = 220 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2

Length of each flat = 400 mm

[Ans: 68.64 MN/m2; 34.32 MN/m2; 123.552 KN; 5.148 MN/m2]

2. A flat bar of aluminium alloy 25 mm wide and 5 mm thick is placed between two steel bars
each 25 mm wide and 10 mm thick to form a composite bar 25 mm × 25 mm as shown in
figure. The three bars are fastened together at their ends when the temperature is 15° C. Find
the stress in each of the materials when the temperature of the whole assembly is raised to
55° C. If at the new temperature a compressive load of 300 KN is applied to the composite
bar what are the final stress in steel and alloy?
200
Take: 𝐸𝑠 = 200 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝐸𝑎𝑙 = 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝛼𝑠 = 1.2 × 10−5 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶; 𝛼𝑎𝑙 = 2.3 ×
3

10−5 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶.

 PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1. A spherical ball of a certain material 200 mm diameter is located to depth of 1 km in

seawater. If the specific weight of seawater is 10.2 kN/m3 and bulk modulus of the ball
material is 160 kN/mm2, determine the change in the volume of the ball. [Ans: 266.9 mm3]

2. A steel bar of varying cross sections is subjected to axial forces shown in figure 1. Find the
value of P to keep the system in equilibrium. Take E=210 KN/mm2. Calculate the total
elongation of bar. (Ans: 1.632mm)
3. A solid conical bar tapers uniformly from a diameter of 8cm to 3 cm in length of 100cm. It
is suspended vertically at 8cm diameter, 3cm diameter being downward. Calculate
elongation of bar due to self-weight. Take unit weight of the bar 78.5 KN/m3 and E=210
KN/mm2. (Ans:1.0903x10-4mm)

4. An 8m long hollow circular bar of aluminum carries a tensile load of 120KN. The outside
diameter of the bar is 50mm and modulus of elasticity of the material is 70 x103Mpa. If the
allowable elongation of the bar is 10mm, determine the minimum thickness.
(Ans:11.272mm)

5. A compound tube consists of a steel tube 15cm internal diameter and 1cm thickness. The
two tubes are of same length. The compound tube carries an axial load of 1000 KN. Find the
stresses and load carried by each tube and the amount by which it shortens. Length of each
tube is 150cm. Take Es=2x107 N/cm2. & Eb= 1x107 N/cm2. (Ans: 639.9, 360.1kN, 0.95mm)

6. Two copper rods and one steel rod together support a load as shown in fig 5. If the stresses
in the copper and steel are not to be exceed by 550kg/cm2 and 1000 kg/cm2 respectively,
determine the safe load that can be applied. Cross section for copper=3x3cm2, steel=4x4cm2.
Take Es = 2Ec. (Ans: P=20460kg)

7. A block of steel (150*200*250) mm is subjected to axial stress as shown in figure 6. Find

the change in dimensions of block and change in volume. Also find G & K. Take
Es=200GN/m2 and μ=0.30. (Ans: 0.0465mm, 0.01mm, -0.02mm, 2100mm3)
8. An aluminum bar 3m long and having 20cm2 cross sectional area is loaded as shown in fig
7. Determine the stresses in the portions AB, BC and CD. Also find the distance through
which point B and C will move. Take E=0.7x106 kg/cm2. (Ans: 33.33kg/cm2, 8.33kg/cm2, -
41.67kg/cm2)

9. The modulus of rigidity for a material is 0.5x10 5 N/mm2. A 10mm diameter rod of the
material was subjected to an axial pull of 10KN and the change of diameter was observed to
be 3x10 -3 mm. Calculate the Poisson’s ratio and the modulus of elasticity.

10. A steel bar 2.5cm diameter and 25 cm long was subjected to a tension test. On applying a
tensile load of 25 KN the elongation was found to be 0.005cm and decrease in diameter was
0.00025cm. Calculate the value of: Modulus of Elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, Change in
Volume, Shear Modulus.

11. A rigid bar AB is hinged at A and supported by 2m long copper rod and a 4m long steel rod.
 It carries a load of 100 KN at the free end B as shown in figure below. If the area of cross
section of steel and copper rods are 10cm2 and 8cm2 respectively and their respective values
of E be 200GPa and 100GPa, find the stress in each rod and reaction at A (Assume no
bending in Steel and copper rods).

12.
13.

14. A steel bar rod 15 m long is at a temperature of 15° C. Find the free expansion of the length
when the temperature is raised to 65° C. Find the temperature stress produced when:

i. The expansion of the rod is prevented

ii. The rod is permitted to expand by 6 mm.

Take α = 12× 10-6 per ° C and E = 200 GN/m2

[Ans: 120 MN/m2 ; 40 MN/m2]

15.Figure shows three bars made of copper, zinc and aluminium and of equal length rigidly
connected at their ends. They have cross-sectional areas of 250 mm2, 375 mm2 and 500mm2
respectively. If the compound member is subjected to a longitudinal pull of 125 KN, estimate
the proportion of load carried on each rod, and the induced stresses.

Take: 𝐸𝑐𝑢 = 130𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝐸𝑧𝑛 = 100𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝐸𝑎𝑙 = 80 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2

[Ans: 36.93 KN; 42.61 KN; 45.45 KN; 147.7 MN/m2; 113.63 MN/m2; 90.9 MN/m2]
16.A steel bar is placed between two copper bars, each having the same area and length as steel
bar at 20° C. At this stage, they are rigidly connected together at both ends. When the
temperature is raised to 320 ° C, the length of the bars increases by 1.5 mm. Determine the
original length and final stresses in the bars.

Take: 𝐸𝑠 = 220𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝐸𝑠 = 110 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝛼𝑠 = 0.000012 𝑝𝑒𝑟°𝐶; 𝛼𝑐 =

0.0000175 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶

[Ans: 90.75 MN/m2; 181.5 MN/m2; 0.339 m]