Jharkhand, NEP, FYUGP 2022 onwards

COURSES OF STUDY FOR A FOUR-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME 2022

ONWARDS FOR GEOGRAPHY

Undergraduate Major in Geography

Draft Syllabus Based on UGC LOCF

Credit Framework for Four-Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUGP) under Kolhan

University, Chaibasa

Proposed: Member of the Board of Studies for Four Year Undergraduate Program (FYUGP) based on the
UGC guidelines regarding NEP 2020 for a major in Geography

Page 1 of 108
Page 2 of 108
TRANSFORMATIVE INITIATIVES FOR (FYUGP) FOUR-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME
The curriculum framework of the Four-Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUGP) envisages several
transformative initiatives in higher education in Jharkhand, in line with the revised UGC Guideline on the
adoption of the Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS) to implement NEP 2020.
 Undergraduate degree programmes of either 3 or 4-year duration, with multiple entries and exit
points and re-entry options within this period, with appropriate certifications such as:
o a Certificate after completing 1 year (2 semesters) of Study in the chosen field of Study,
o a Diploma after 2 years (4 semesters) of Study,
o a Bachelor’s Degree after a 3-year (6 semesters) programme of study,
o a Bachelor’s Degree (Honours) after a 4-year (8 semesters) programme of study,
o a Bachelor’s Degree (Honours with Research) after a 4-year (8 semesters) programme of
study to the students undertaking 12 credit Research component in the fourth year of
FYUGP.

MAIN FEATURES OF THE NEW CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK

The new curriculum framework will have the following features:
i. Flexibility to move from one discipline of study to another;
ii. Opportunity for learners to choose the courses of their interest in all disciplines;
iii. Facilitating multiple entry and exit options with UG certificate/ UG diploma/ or degree
depending upon the number of credits secured;
iv. Flexibility for learners to move from one institution to another to enable them to have multi
and/or interdisciplinary learning;
v. Flexibility to switch to alternative learning modes (offline, ODL, online learning, and hybrid
learning modes). Regulations for Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) and guidelines for Multiple
Entry and Exit are already in place to facilitate the implementation of the proposed “Curriculum
and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes”

DURATION (TIME FRAME) OR VALIDITY OF REGISTRATION

i. The UG programme for a regular student is four years long and has multiple entry and exit options.
ii. Each academic year shall comprise two semesters, viz. Odd and Even semesters.
iii. Odd Semesters shall be from July to December, and Even Semesters from January to June.
iv. IV. Eligibility to take Research courses in Semester VII is to secure a minimum of overall marks 75%
(7.5 CGPA) and above up to Semester VI, along with other criteria of the Institution.
v. Credits earned/kept in the Academic Bank of Credits account will be valid for 7 years.

Jharkhand, NEP, FYUGP 2022 onwards

Page 3 of 108
COURSES OF STUDY FOR A YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME 2022 onwards for
GEOGRAPHY
Semester-wise Course Code and Credit Points:
Standard, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational & Internship Courses
Semester Code Papers Credits
AEC-1 Language and Communication Skills (English) 2
VAC-1 Value Added Course-1 2+2
I SEC-1 Skill Enhancement Course-1 3
MDC-1 Geography: An Introduction 3
MN-I(Theory) Disaster Management 3
MN-IA (Practical) Disaster Management 1
MJ-1(Theory) Geomorphology (Theory Paper) 3
MJ-1(Practical) (P) Practical Geomorphology 1
AEC-2 Language and Communication Skills (English) 2
SEC-2 Skill Enhancement Course-2 3
MDC-2 Geography: An Introduction 3
MN-2A(Theory) Geography of Tourism and Pilgrimage 3
MN-2A(Practical) Geography of Tourism and Pilgrimage 1
II MJ-2(Theory) Geography of Human and Cultural Landscape 3
(Theory)
MJ-3(Theory) Climatology and Oceanography 3
MJ-2(Practical) Statistical Methods in Human Geography 2
AEC-3 Language and Communication Skills (MIL-2 2
Modern Indian Language including TRL)
SEC-3 Skill Enhancement Course-3 3
MDC-3 Geography: An Introduction 3
MN-1B(Theory) Geospatial Technology 3
III MN-1B(Practical) Geospatial Technology 1
MJ-4(Theory) Introduction to the Global Economic System 3
MJ-5(Theory) Environment and Natural Resource 3
Management
MJ-3(Practical) Cartographic Techniques 2
AEC-3 Language and Communication Skills (MIL- 2
2/English-2)
VAC-2 Value Added Course-2 2
MN-2B(Theory) Rural Development 3
IV MN-2B(Practical) Project Report on Rural Development 1
MJ-6(Theory) Geography of India 3
MJ-7(Theory) Regional Planning and Sustainable Development 3
MJ-8 (Theory) Evolution of Geographical Thought 3
MJ-4(Practical) Fundamentals of Remote Sensing (Practical) 3
MN-1C(Theory) Coupled Human and Environment System 3
MN-1C(Practical) Coupled Human and Environment System 1
MJ-9(Theory) Hydrology and Soil Studies 3
V MJ-10(Theory) Geography of Jharkhand 3

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 MJ-11(Theory) Political Geography 3
MJ-5(Practical) Application of Digital Remote Sensing in Natural 3
Resources and Hazard Mapping (Practical)
IAP Field Techniques and Research Proposal 2
MN-2C(Theory) Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation 3
MN-2C(Practical) Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation 1
MJ-12(Theory) Oceanography 3
MJ-13(Theory) World Regional Geography 3
VI MJ-14(Theory) Settlement Geography 3
MJ-15(Theory) Biogeography 3
MJ-06(Practical) Instrumental Survey (02 credit) 4
Educational Tour Report (02 credit)
MN-1D(Theory) Industrial Development 3
MN-1D(Practical) Industrial Development 1
MJ-16(Theory) Agriculture and Food Security 3
VII MJ-17(Theory) Social and Cultural Geography 3
MJ-18(Theory) Emerging Trends in Geography 3
MJ-19(Theory) Migration and Urbanisation 3
MJ-07(Practical) Disaster Management Project Work (Practical) 4
MN-2D(Theory) Sustainable Resource Development 3
MN-2D(Practical) Sustainable Resource Development 1
MJ-20(Theory) Disaster Management 3
MJ-8(Practical) Field Techniques 1
VIII RC/ Research Internship/Field work/ Dissertation 12
Or
AMJ-1(Theory) Demography and Population Studies 3
AMJ-2 (Theory) Geography of Social Wellbeing 3
AMJ-3 (Theory) Geography of Health 3
AMJ-1 (Practical) Advanced Statistics 3

Jharkhand, NEP, FYUGP 2022 Onwards Geography

Page 5 of 108
 Courses of Study for the Four-Year Undergraduate Programme 2022, Onwards
Credit Framework for Four-Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUGP) under Kolhan
University, Chaibasa

Semester I

Jharkhand, NEP, FYUGP 2022 onwards

COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR FOUR-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE
PROGRAMME 2022 onwards for GEOGRAPHY
Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points:
Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational &
Semester Internship Courses
Code Papers Credits
Language and Communication Skills
AEC-1 02
(English)
SEC-1 Skill Enhancement Course-2 03
MDC-1 Geography: An Introduction 03

MN- Disaster Management

03
I 1A(Theory)

MN- Disaster Management

01
1A(Practical)
MJ-1(Theory) Geomorphology (Theory Paper) 03
1 (P) Practical Geomorphology
MJ-1(Practical) 02

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 MDC-1 Multi-Disciplinary Course: - Geography: An Introduction
Credit 3 Teaching Hours 45
Full Mark 75 Passing Mark 30

Learning Objectives:
1. Define geography and explain its nature and scope.
2. Distinguish between various approaches in geography: systematic, regional, quantitative,
behavioural, humanistic, radical, and postmodern.
3. Evaluate the concept of population as a resource and its role in development.
4. Understand the interrelationship between population dynamics and ecosystem sustainability.
5. Explain the functioning and applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS).
6. Describe the principles of remote sensing and its various uses in geography.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the paradigms in the geography discipline through time
2. Application of geographical thinking and techniques in solving contemporary problems
3. Understand the past and future trends of world geography in general and Indian geography in particular

Course Content: 45 Hrs

1. Geography: Definition, Scope and Approaches; Contemporary 10
Relevance

2. Population: Population as a resource; Population and development: a 10

debate; Population and ecosystem; Demographic transition
3. Definition of Formal, Functional, and Planning Regions and Regional 10
Region, Evolution Planning; Need and Types of Regional Planning.
and Types of
Regional Planning:
4. Geospatial Definition and Components, Global Positioning System 15
Technology: (GPS): Introduction to Remote Sensing, Principles and
Uses, Application of GIS: Land Use Mapping; Urban
Sprawl Analysis; Forests Monitoring Natural Disasters.
Note for Assessment: -No internal Examination, Final examination for 75 Marks
References:
1. Barrett, H. R., (1995): Population Geography, Oliver and Boyd.
2. Bhatta, B., (2010): Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing, Springer, Berlin
Heidelberg.41
3. Bhende, A. and Kanitkar, T., (2000): Principles of Population Studies, Himalaya Publishing
House.
4. Burrough, P.A., and McDonnell, R.A. (2000): Principles of Geographical Information System-
Spatial Information System and Geo-statistics. Oxford University Press

Page 7 of 108
5. Chandna, R. C. and Sidhu, M. S., (1980): An Introduction to Population Geography, Kalyani
Publishers.
6. Chandna, R C (2006): JansankhyaBhugol, Kalyani Publishers, Delhi
7. Chauniyal, D.D. (2010): Sudur Samvedan evam Bhogolik Suchana Pranali, Sharda Pustak
Bhawan, Allahabad
8. Hussain, Majid. (2012): Manav Bhugol, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
9. Johnston, R., Gregory, D., & Pratt, G., et al. (2008): The Dictionary of Human Geography,
Blackwell Publication.
10. Jordan-Bychkov, et al., (2006): The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural
Geography, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
11. Misra, R. P., Sundaram, K.V., and V.L.S. Prakasa Rao, (1974): Regional Development planning
in India, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi
12. Peet, R. (1999): Theories of Development, The Guilford Press, New York.

Page 8 of 108
 MN-IA Minor Disaster Management
Credit 3 Teaching Hours 45
Full Mark 75 Passing Mark 30
Learning Objectives
1. Understand and Differentiate Key Concepts,
o Define and differentiate between hazard, disaster, vulnerability, and risk.
o Classify various types of disasters (natural, human-induced, and hybrid).
2. Analyse Spatial Patterns and Causes
o Identify the geographical distribution and mapping of major disasters such as floods,
droughts, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, and cyclones.
o Analyse their causes and regional impacts.
3. Evaluate Disaster Impacts
o Assess the socio-economic and environmental impacts of different types of disasters at
local, regional, and national scales.
4. Understand Mitigation and Preparedness Strategies
o Examine disaster mitigation and preparedness strategies with reference to national
frameworks (e.g., NDMA and NIDM).
o Understand institutional roles and policy mechanisms for disaster management in India.
5. Appreciate the Role of Indigenous and Community-Based Approaches
o Evaluate the significance of indigenous knowledge and community-based disaster
management strategies.
o Promote inclusive, participatory models in disaster risk reduction and resilience-building.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion of the course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Gain a perspective of disasters and various dimensions of disaster management
2. Have comprehensive knowledge of various natural and manmade disasters in India and Jharkhand
3. Examine the response and mitigation measures of disasters

Course Content: Theory 45 Hrs

1. Disasters Definition of Hazard, Disaster, Vulnerabilities 10

and Risk and Classification of Disasters
2. Disasters in India: Distribution, Mapping, Causes and Impact of 15
Flood, Drought, Landslide, Earthquake,
Tsunami and Cyclone.
3. Manmade Disasters: Distribution, Mapping, Causes and Impact. 10

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 4. Response and Mitigation Mitigation and Preparedness, NDMA and 10
to Disasters: NIDM, Indigenous Knowledge and Community-
Based Disaster Management,

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 10 of 108
 MN-IA PRACTICAL: Disaster Management
Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Marks 25 Passing Marks 10
Course Objectives:
1. To familiarize students with individual and household-level safety measures during various
disaster phases using case studies.
2. To equip students with practical knowledge of using RS, GIS, and GPS technologies for disaster
risk identification and assessment.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to identify and implement appropriate dos and don'ts before, during, and
after disasters like lightning, cyclone, and heatwaves.
2. Students will demonstrate the ability to apply RS, GIS, and GPS tools to analyse and assess
disaster risks using real-life case studies.

Course Content: Practical 30 Hrs

1. Disaster Awareness & Dos and Don’ts at individual or 15

Preparedness household levels (Pre, during and Post a
disaster), Lightning and Thunderstorm,
Cyclone, Heat Wave,

2. Disaster Risk Assessment Risk identification, Application of

Techniques Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic
Information System (GIS), and Global 15
Positioning System (GPS) in Risk
Assessment: Case Studies of disasters
mentioned above
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

References:
1. Government of India (2008): Vulnerability Atlas of India. New Delhi, Building Materials & Technology
Promotion Council, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India.
2. Govt. of India (2011): Disaster Management in India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi.
3. Kapur, Anu. (2010): Vulnerable India: A Geographical Study of Disasters, Sage Publication, New Delhi.
4. Modh, S. (2010): Managing Natural Disaster: Hydrological, Marine and Geological Disasters,
Macmillan, Delhi.
5. Singh, Jagbir., (2007): Disaster Management Future Challenges and Opportunities.

Page 11 of 108
 Semester-I
UG Major Geography

MJ-1 Major paper: -Geomorphology (Theory Paper) Credit 2+1

Teaching Hours-45 Full Mark-75 Passing Mark-30

Learning objective:
1. Define geomorphology and explain its nature and scope.
2. Describe the origin of the Earth and key principles of the geological time scale.
3. Differentiate between endogenetic and exogenetic forces and their landform effects.
4. Identify major geomorphic processes and associated erosional and depositional landforms.
5. Apply geomorphological knowledge to human activities like dam construction and mining.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the functioning of Earth systems in real-time and analyse how the natural and
anthropogenic operating factors affect the development of landforms
2. Distinguish between the mechanisms that control these processes
3. Assess the roles of structure, stage, and time in shaping landforms, interpret geomorphological maps,
and apply this knowledge in geographical research.

Course Content: Theory Paper 45 Hrs

1. Introduction to Meaning, Nature and Scope of Geomorphology. 10
Geomorphology: - Origin of Earth, Principles and Basis of Geological
Time Scale
2. Earth Interior Earth Movements, Endogenetic and Exogenetic 10
Structure: Movements, Plate Tectonics, Types of Folds and Faults

3. Earth Dynamics: Theories of Isostasy: Airy and Pratt, Earthquakes and 10

Volcanoes, Rocks: Characteristics, Types, Importance,
and Rock Cycle
4. Geomorphic Weathering, Mass Wasting, Cycle of Erosion: Davis 15
Processes and and Penck. (Erosional and Depositional): Fluvial, Karst,
Evolution of Aeolian, Glacial, and Coastal, Applied
Landforms: Geomorphology: Dam Construction and Mining

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 12 of 108
References:
1. Ahmed Enayat (2004): Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers
2. Bloom A. L., (2003): Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Landforms, Prentice-
Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Bridges E. M., (1990): World Geomorphology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Christopherson, Robert W., (2011), Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 8 Ed.,
Macmillan Publishing Company
5. Kale V. S. and Gupta A., (2001): Introduction to Geomorphology, Orient Longman, Hyderabad.
6. Knighton A. D., (1984): Fluvial Forms and Processes, Edward Arnold Publishers, London.
7. Richards K. S., (1982): Rivers: Form and Processes in Alluvial Channels, Methuen, London.
8. Selby, M.J., (2005), Earth’s Changing Surface, Indian Edition, OUP
9. Skinner, Brian J. and Stephen C. Porter (2000), The Dynamic Earth: An Introduction to Physical
Geology, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons
10. Thornbury W. D., (1968): Principles of Geomorphology, Wiley.
11.Gautam, A (2010): Bhautik Bhugol, Rastogi Punlications, Meerut
12. Tikkaa, R N (1989): Bhautik Bhugol ka Swaroop, Kedarnath Ram Nath, Meerut
13.Ram Kumar Tiwari, (2019): Bhautik Bhugol, Rajasthan Hindi Granth Academy, Jaipur
14. Singh, S (2009):Bhautik Bhugol ka Swaroop, Prayag Pustak,Allahaba

Page 13 of 108
 MJ-1 Practical Geomorphology
Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Mark 25 Passing Mark 10

Learning Objectives:
1. Identify common rocks and minerals through physical characteristics and samples.
2. Differentiate between major rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
3. Understand and interpret topographic maps and elements of map reading.
4. Observe and evaluate field conditions in mining areas/local landforms for understanding land
degradation and geomorphic processes.

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of the unit, students will be able to:
1. Correctly identify mineral samples such as iron ore, bauxite, and manganese, and rock samples
like granite, basalt, limestone, sandstone, quartzite, and marble.
2. Classify rocks based on their origin and key physical characteristics.
3. Apply theoretical knowledge in real-world settings through a field visit to mining areas or land
degradation zones and evaluate geomorphic changes.

Course Content: Practical 30 Hrs

1. Rocks and Minerals:
Identification of Rocks and Minerals. 15
Mineral samples: Iron ore, Bauxite ore
and Manganese. Rock Samples:
Granite, Basalt, Lime Stones,
Sandstone, Quartzite, and Marble.

2. Topographical Map – Elements of Map Reading and 15

Interpretation of Topo Sheets, Cross-
and Longitudinal Profiles, Slope
Analysis: – Wentworth’s method, Field
Visit Nearby Mining Areas/ local land
formation and degradation
Note for Assessment: -Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

References:

1. Anson R. and Ormelling F. J., (1994): International Cartographic Association: Basic Cartographic
Vol. Pregmen Press.
2. Gupta K.K. and Tyagi, V. C., (1992): Working with Map, Survey of India, DST, New Delhi.
3. Mishra R.P. and Ramesh, A., (1989): Fundamentals of Cartography, Concept, New Delhi.

Page 14 of 108
 4. Monkhouse F. J. and Wilkinson H. R.,(1973): Maps and Diagrams, Methuen, London.
5. Rhind D. W. and Taylor D. R. F., (eds.), (1989): Cartography: Past, Present and Future, Elsevier,
International Cartographic Association.
6. Robinson A. H., (2009): Elements of Cartography, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
7. Singh R. L. and Singh R. P. B., (1999): Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers.
8. Sarkar, A.K. (2015) Practical geography: A systematic approach. Orient Black Swan Private Ltd.,
New Delhi
9. Singh R L & Rana P B Singh (1991) Prayogtmak Bhugol Ke Mool Tatva, Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi
10. Sharma, J P (2010) Prayogtmak Bhugol ki Rooprekha, Rastogi Publications, Meerut
11. Singh, R L & Dutta, P K (2012) PrayogatmakBhugol, Central Book Depot, Allaha

Reference Website

1. https://www.isro.gov.in/
2. https://www.usgs.gov/

Page 15 of 108
 Semester II

Jharkhand, NEP, FYUGP 2022 onwards

COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME

2022 onwards for GEOGRAPHY

Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points:

Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational &
Semester Internship Courses
Code Papers Credits
Language and Communication Skills
AEC-2 02
(English)
SEC-2 Skill Enhancement Course-2 03
MDC-2 Geography: An Introduction 03

MN- Geography of Tourism and Pilgrimage

03
2A(Theory)
II
MN- Geography of Tourism and Pilgrimage
01
2A(Practical)
Geography of Human and Cultural
MJ-2(Theory) 03
Landscape, (Theory)
MJ-3(Theory) Climatology 03
MJ- Statistical Methods in Human
2(Practical) Geography 02

Page 16 of 108
 MDC-2 Multi-Disciplinary Course: - Geography: An Introduction
Credit 3 Teaching Hours 45
Full Mark 75 Passing Mark 30

Learning objective:
1. Define geography and explain its scope, approaches, and contemporary relevance.
2. Analyse population as a resource and evaluate its relationship with development and ecosystems.
3. Explain the concept of regions and differentiate between formal, functional, and planning regions.
4. Describe the components of geospatial technology and apply GPS, Remote Sensing, and GIS in
real-world spatial analysis.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the paradigms in the geography discipline through time.
2. Application of geographical thinking and techniques in solving contemporary problems.
3. Understand world geography's past and future trends in general and Indian geography in particular.

Course Content: 45
Hrs
1. Geography: Definition, Scope and Approaches; Contemporary 10
Relevance

2. Population: Population as a resource; Population and development: a 10

debate; Population and ecosystem; Demographic transition
3. Definition of Formal, Functional, and Planning Regions and Regional 10
Region, Evolution Planning; Need and Types of Regional Planning.
and Types of
Regional Planning:
4. Geospatial Definition and Components, Global Positioning System 15
Technology: (GPS): Introduction to Remote Sensing, Principles and
Uses, Application of GIS: Land Use Mapping; Urban
Sprawl Analysis; Forests Monitoring Natural Disasters.
Note for Assessment Internal Examination, Final examination for 75 Marks
References:
1. Barrett, H. R. (1995): Population Geography, Oliver and Boyd.
2. Bhatta, B. (2010): Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
41
3. Bhende, A. and Kanitkar, T., (2000): Principles of Population Studies, Himalaya Publishing House.
4. Burrough, P.A., and McDonnell, R.A. (2000): Principles of Geographical Information System-Spatial
Information System and Geo-statistics. Oxford University Press

Page 17 of 108
5. Chandna, R. C. and Sidhu, M. S., (1980): An Introduction to Population Geography, Kalyani Publishers.
6. Chandna, R C (2006): JansankhyaBhugol, Kalyani Publishers, Delhi
7. Chauniyal, D.D. (2010): Sudur Samvedan evam Bhogolik Suchana Pranali, Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad
8. Hussain, Majid., (2012): ManavBhugol, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
9. Johnston, R., Gregory, D., & Pratt, G., et al. (2008): The Dictionary of Human Geography, Blackwell
Publication.
10. Jordan-Bychkov., et al., (2006): The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, W.
H. Freeman and Company, New York.
11. Misra, R. P., Sundaram, K.V.andV.L.S.Prakasa Rao, (1974): Regional Development planning in India,
Vikas Publishing House Delhi
12. Peet, R., (1999): Theories of Development, The Guilford Press, New York.

Page 18 of 108
 MN-2A (Theory): Geography of Tourism and Pilgrimage
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Learning objective:
1. Understand the nature, scope, and key concepts of tourism, recreation, and leisure, and their
inter-relationships.
2. Identify and differentiate between various forms of tourism, including nature, cultural, medical,
pilgrimage, and geo-tourism.
3. Analyse patterns and trends in international, regional, and domestic (India) tourism, including
eco- and sustainable tourism.
4. Examine tourism policies at the national level and in Jharkhand, with a focus on planning and
sustainable development.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion of course, the students will have ability to:
1. Equip with a basic understanding of nature and scope, trends and patterns of various types of tourisms.
2. Have sound knowledge on geographical, environmental and socio-cultural aspects of tourism in India.
3. Apply the principles of Geo-tourism and analyse the prospects and problems associated with pilgrimage
tourism.

Course Content: Theory Paper 45

Hrs
1.Introduction to Tourism Nature and Scope, Concepts and Issues, Tourism, 15
Recreation and Leisure Inter-Relations;
Geographical Parameters of Tourism by Robinson.
2. Trends and Patterns: Nature Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Medical 10
Tourism, Pilgrimage, Geo-tourism
3. Recent Trends of Tourism: International and Regional; Domestic (India); Eco- 10
Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Meetings
Incentives Conventions and Exhibitions
4. Impact of Tourism: Economy; Environment; Society, Tourism policy 10
Indian and Jharkhand
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Alan, A. Lew, (2017): New Research Paradigms in Tourism Geography, Routledge.
2. Dhar, P.N., (2006): International Tourism: Emerging Challenges and Future Prospects,Kanishka, New
Delhi.

Page 19 of 108
3. Hall, M., and Stephen, P., (2006): Geography of Tourism and Recreation – Environment, Place and
Space, Routledge, London.
4. Kamra, K. K., and Chand, M., (2007): Basics of Tourism: Theory, Operation and Practise, Kanishka
Publishers, Pune.
5. Milton, D., (1993): Geography of World Tourism, Prentice. Hall, New York.
6. Nelson, V., (2017): An Introduction to the Geography of Tourism, Rowman & Littlefield
7. Page, S. J., (2011): Tourism Management: An Introduction, Butterworth-Heinemann- USA.
8. Raj, R. and Nigel, D., (2007): Morpeth Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Festivals Management: An
International perspective by CABI, Cambridge, USA.
9. Robinson, H. A., (1996): Geography of Tourism, Macdonald and Evans, London.
10. Singh, Jagbir., (2014): “Eco-Tourism”, I.K. International Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.

Page 20 of 108
 MN-2A(Practical) Geography of Tourism and Pilgrimage

Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30

Full Mark 25 Passing Mark 10
Learning objective:
1. Understand the components and importance of tourism infrastructure in destination development.
2. Analyse tourism potential and challenges in diverse geographical regions like the Himalayas,
deserts, and coastal areas.
3. Identify and appreciate India’s World Heritage Sites and National Geological Monuments.
4. Examine tourism infrastructure and conservation efforts in Parasnath, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary,
and Betla National Park.
Learning outcome:
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
1. Explain the key components of tourism infrastructure and their role in enhancing tourist
experiences and destination management.
2. Analyse the tourism potential and geographical significance of major regions such as the
Himalayas, deserts, and coastal areas.
3. Identify and describe India’s World Heritage Sites and National Geological Monuments,
recognising their cultural, historical, and scientific value.
4. Evaluate real-world examples of tourism infrastructure and conservation efforts through case
studies of Parasnath, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, and Betla National Park.

Course Content: Practical 30Hrs

1. Tourism in India: Tourism Infrastructure: Case Studies of
Himalaya, Desert and Coastal Areas; 15
India’s World Heritage Sites and
National Geological Monuments

2. Tourism in Jharkhand: Tourism Infrastructure: Case Studies of 15

Parasnath, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary
and Betla National Park
.
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

References
1. Tourism, Recreation and Research Journal, Centre for Tourism Research and Development, Lucknow.
2. Widawski, K., and Wyrzykowski, J., (2017): The Geography of Tourism of Central and Eastern European
Countries, Springer.

3. https://tourism.gov.in/
4. https://tourism.jharkhand.gov.in/

Page 21 of 108
 MJ-2 Geography of Human and Cultural Landscape (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Learning Objectives:
1. Define Human Geography and explain its major philosophical approaches including
environmental determinism, possibilism, neo-determinism, and their contemporary relevance.
2. Describe the evolution of humans and analyse the spatial distribution of major races, religions,
languages, and cultural regions, with a special focus on primitive tribes of Jharkhand.
3. Examine the patterns and factors influencing population growth and distribution, and assess
population composition through the lens of the Demographic Transition Theory and population-
resource relationships.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion, of the course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Know the changing human and cultural landscape at different levels.
2. Understand patterns and processes of population growth and its implications.
3. Appreciate the nature and quality of human landscapes.

Course Content: Theory Paper 45 Hrs

1.Introduction Defining Human Geography: Major Themes: 10
Determinism, Possibilism, Neo-determinism,
Contemporary Relevance
2. Space and Society: Evolution of Man; Distribution of Race; Religion and 10
Language, and Cultural Regions, Study of Primitive Tribes
of Jharkhand

3. Population: Population Growth and Distribution; Population 15

Composition; Demographic Transition Theory,
Population-Resource Relationship, under, over and
optimum population

4. Settlements: Types of Rural Settlements; Classification of Urban 10

Settlements; Trends and Patterns of World Urbanisation

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:

Page 22 of 108
1. Chandna, R.C. (2010) Population Geography, Kalyani Publisher.

2. Chisholm, M. (1985): Human Geography, 2nd edition, Penguin Books, London.

3. de Blij, H.J. (1996): Human Geography: Culture, Society and Space, 2nd edition. John Wiley and
Sons, New York,
4. Fellman, J. D., Arthur, G., Judith, G., Hopkins, J. and Dan, S. (2007): Human Geography:
Landscapes of Human Activities. McGraw-Hill, New York. 10th edition.
5. Haggett, P. (2004): Geography: A Modern Synthesis. 8th edition, Harper and Row, New
York.
6. Hassan, M.I. (2005): Population Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur
7. Daniel, P.A. and Hopkinson, M.F. (1989): The Geography of Settlement, Oliver & Boyd,
London.
8. Johnston R; Gregory D, Pratt G. et al. (2008): The Dictionary of Human Geography,
Blackwell Publication.
9. Jordan-Bychkov et al. (2006): The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural
Geography. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
10. Kaushik, S.D. (2010): Manav Bhugol, Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
11. Maurya, S.D. (2012): Manav Bhugol, Sharda Pustak Bhawan. Allahabad.
12. Hussain, Majid (2012): Manav Bhugol. Rawat Publications, Jaipur
13. Tiwari Ram Kumar (2022): Jharkhand Ka Bhugol, Bihar Hindi Granth Academy, Patna

Page 23 of 108
 MJ-03 Major paper: -Climatology

Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Learning Objectives:
1. Understand the nature and scope of climatology and describe the structure and composition of the
atmosphere.
2. Explain the factors affecting insolation, temperature distribution, and phenomena like heat budget
and temperature inversion.
3. Analyse atmospheric pressure systems, wind patterns, general circulation, jet streams, cyclones,
anti-cyclones, and the monsoon mechanism, including El Niño.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the elements of weather and climate and their impacts at different scales.
2. Comprehend the climatic aspects and their bearing on planet Earth .

Course Content: Theory Paper 45 Hrs.

1. Introduction Nature and scope of Climatology, Atmospheric 10
Composition and Structure, Insolation and
Temperature Factors and Distribution, Heat Budget,
Temperature Inversion,
2. Atmospheric Moisture: Atmospheric Pressure and Winds, General 15
Circulation of Air, Jet Streams, Cyclones: Tropical,
and Temperate, Anti-cyclone, Monsoon - Origin
and Mechanism, El Nino,
3. Precipitation Evaporation, Humidity, Stability and Instability, 10
Air mass and Types of Rain, Precipitation Types,

4. Climatic Classification Climatic Regions (Koppen’s and Thornthwaite), 10

Global Warming, and Climate Change

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Barry, R. G., and Chorley, R. J., (2009): Atmosphere, Weather and Climate (9th Edition), Routledge, New
York.
2. Bhutani, S., (2000): Our Atmosphere, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
3. Critchfield, H. J., (1987): General Climatology, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi
4. Gupta, L.S., (2000): Jalvayu Vigyan(Hindi), Madhyam Karyanvay Nidishalya, Delhi VishwaVidhyalaya,
Delhi.

Page 24 of 108
5. Lal, D. S., (2006): Jalvayu Vigyan(Hindi),, PrayagPustakBhavan, Allahabad
6. Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck E. J. and Tasa D., (2009): The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology,
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
7. Oliver, J. E., and Hidore J. J., (2002): Climatology: An Atmospheric Science, Pearson Education, New
Delhi.
8. Singh, M.B. (1998): Jalvayu Avam Samudra Vigyan. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi.
9. Singh, S., (2009): Jalvayu Vigyan (Hindi),, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad
10. Strahler, A.N., (1987) Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley and Sons, New York, Singapore.
11. Trewartha, G. T., and Horne L. H., (1980): An Introduction to Climate, McGraw-Hill.

Page 25 of 108
 MJ-02 Statistical Methods in Human Geography (Practical)
Credit 2 Teaching Hours 60
Full Mark 50 Passing Mark 20

Learning objective:
1. Understand the significance of statistical methods in geography and identify various sources of
geographical data.
2. Differentiate between the measurement scales—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio—and
explain their application in spatial analysis.
3. Calculate and interpret measures of central tendency and dispersion.
4. Demonstrate knowledge of sampling techniques and statistical relationships.
Learning outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:

1. Understand the significance of statistical techniques in geographical studies and identify various
sources and types of spatial and non-spatial data.
2. Classify and apply appropriate measurement scales (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) for different
types of geographic variables.
3. Organize and summarize data using frequency distributions, cross-tabulation, measures of central
tendency (mean, median, mode), and cartographic techniques.
4. Analyse spatial data variability through measures of dispersion such as standard deviation,
variance, and coefficient of variation.

Course Content: Practical 60 Hrs.

1. Use of Data in Geography Significance of Statistical Methods in Geography;
Sources of Data, Scales of Measurement 15
(Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio).

2.Tabulation and Descriptive Frequencies (Deciles, Quartiles), Cross 20

Statistics: Tabulation, Central Tendency (Mean, Median and
Mode, Centro-graphic Techniques, Dispersion
(Standard Deviation, Variance and Coefficient of
Variation).
3.Sampling: Purposive, Random, Systematic and Stratified, 15
Theoretical Distribution: Probability and Normal
Distributions.
4.Association and Correlation: Rank Correlation, Product Moment Correlation, 10
and Simple Regression
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 30 Marks+10 Marks Viva-Voce+10 Marks Practical
Note Book=50 Marks

Practical Record:
Each student will submit a record containing five exercises:
1. Construct a data matrix (of about 10 x 10) with each row representing an areal unit (districts or villages or
towns) and about 10 columns of relevant attributes of the areal units.

Page 26 of 108
2. Based on the above table, a frequency table, measures of central tendency and dispersion would be computed
and interpreted for any two attributes.
3. Histograms and frequency curves would be prepared for the entire data set and attempt to fit a normal curve
and interpreted for one or two variables.
4. From the data matrix a sample set (20 per cent) would be drawn using random- systematic and/or stratified
methods of sampling and locate the samples on a map with a short note on the method used.
5. Based on the sample set and using two relevant attributes, a scatter and regression line would be plotted and
residual from regression would be mapped with a short interpretation.

References:
1. Ajai, S. G. and Sanjaya, S.G. (2009) Statistical Methods for Practice and Research, Sage Publications,
New Delhi.
2. Berry, B. J. L. and Marble, D. F. (eds.): Spatial Analysis–A Reader in Geography.
3. Ebdon, D. (1977): Statistics in Geography: A Practical Approach.
4. Hammond, P. and McCullagh, P. S., (1978): Quantitative Techniques in Geography: An Introduction,
Oxford University Press.
5. King, L. S., (1969): Statistical Analysis in Geography, Prentice-Hall.
6. Mahmood, A., 1977: Statistical Methods in Geographical Studies, Concept.
7. Pal, S. K., (1998): Statistics for Geoscientists, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
8. Rogerson, P. A. (2001). Statistical Methods for Geography, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
9. Sarkar, A. (2013): Quantitative geography: techniques and presentations. Orient Black Swan Private Ltd.,
New Delhi
10. Shinha, Indira., (2007):Sankhyikibhugol(Hindi). Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi.
11. Silk, J. (1979): Statistical Concepts in Geography, Allen and Unwin, London.
12. Taylor P.J., (1983) Quantitative Methods in Geography: An Introduction to Spatial Analysis, Waveland
Press, Boston Publishers.
13. Yeates, M. (1974): An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis in Human Geography, McGraw-Hill, New
York.
14. Bhopal Singh R L and Duttta P K (2012) Prayogic Bhugol ke Mool Tatva, Kalyani Publisher, New
Delhi
15. Sharma J. P., (2010): Prayogic Bhugol, Rastogi Publishers, Meerut.

Page 27 of 108
 Semester III

Jharkhand, NEP, FYUGP 2022 onwards

COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME

2022 onwards for GEOGRAPHY

Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points:

Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational &
Semester Internship Courses
Code Papers Credits
Language and Communication Skills
AEC-3 (MIL-2 Modern Indian Language 02
including TRL)
SEC-3 Skill Enhancement Course-3 03
MDC-3 Geography: An Introduction 03
MN-
03
1B(Theory) Geospatial Technology

MN-
III 01
1B(Practical) Geospatial Technology

Introduction to Global Economic

MJ-4(Theory) 03
System

Environment and Natural Resource

MJ-5(Theory) 03
Management
MJ- Cartographic Techniques
3(Practical) 02

Page 28 of 108
 MDC-1 Multi-Disciplinary Course: - Geography: An Introduction
Credit 3 Teaching Hours 45
Full Mark 75 Passing Mark 30

Learning objective:
1. Understand human geography's definition, scope, and approaches, and evaluate its contemporary
relevance in regional and global contexts.
2. Differentiate between formal, functional, and planning regions, and explain the need, objectives,
and types of regional planning.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the paradigms in the geography discipline through time.

2. Application of geographical thinking and techniques in solving contemporary problems.

3. Understand the past and future trends of world geography in general and Indian geography in particular
..
Course Content: 45 Hrs
1. Geography: Definition, Scope and Approaches; Contemporary 10
Relevance.
2. Population: Population as a resource; Population and development: a 10
debate; Population and ecosystem; Demographic transition
3.Definition of Formal, Functional, and Planning Regions and Regional 10
Region, Evolution
Planning; Need and types of Regional Planning.
and Types of
Regional Planning:
4.Geospatial Definition and Components, Global Positioning System 15
Technology:
(GPS): Introduction to Remote Sensing, Principles and
Uses, Application of GIS: Land Use Mapping; Urban
Sprawl Analysis; Forests Monitoring Natural Disasters.

Page 29 of 108
Note for Assessment: -No Internal Examination, Final examination for 75 Marks
References:
1. Barrett, H. R. (1995): Population Geography, Oliver and Boyd.
2. Bhatta, B. (2010): Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing, Springer, Berlin
Heidelberg 41
3. Bhende, A. and Kanitkar, T., (2000): Principles of Population Studies, Himalaya Publishing
House.
4. Burrough, P.A., and McDonnell, R.A. (2000): Principles of Geographical Information Systems-
Spatial Information Systems and Geo-statistics. Oxford University Press
5. Chandna, R. C. and Sidhu, M. S., (1980): An Introduction to Population Geography, Kalyani
Publishers.
6. Chandna, R C (2006): JansankhyaBhugol, Kalyani Publishers, Delhi
7. Chauniyal, D.D. (2010): Sudur Samvedan evam Bhogolik Suchana Pranali, Sharda Pustak
Bhawan, Allahabad
8. Hussain, Majid., (2012): ManavBhugol, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
9. Johnston, R., Gregory, D., & Pratt, G., et al. (2008): The Dictionary of Human Geography,
Blackwell Publication.
10. Jordan-Bychkov., et al., (2006): The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural
Geography, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
11. Misra, R. P., Sundaram, K.V.andV.L.S.Prakasa Rao, (1974): Regional Development planning in
India, Vikas Publishing House Delhi
12. Peet, R., (1999): Theories of Development, The Guilford Press, New York.

Page 30 of 108
 MN-1B Geospatial Technology (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Learning objective:
1. Understand the definitions, concepts, and historical development of geospatial technology and its
evolution in geographic studies.
2. Explain the structure and functioning of spatial information systems, with a focus on raster and
vector data formats.
3. Identify the types and significance of aerial photographs and comprehend the meaning, scope,
and applications of remote sensing in geography.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion of course, the students will have ability to:
1. Appreciate the basic concepts and historical development of geographical information technology
2. Acquire knowledge on data structure, interpolation, modelling, functions and working of geographical
information technology
3. Apply the geographical information technology for sustainable development of the nation

Course Content: Theory Paper 45 Hrs

1. Introduction Definitions, Concept and Historical Development of 10
geospatial technology.

2. Geospatial Data: Working on spatial information system: Raster and Vector 15

Data

3.Aerial Photograph and 10

Remote Sensing Aerial Photography: Types of Photographs, History of
Aerial Photography
Remote Sensing: Meaning, Scope and Relevance in
Geographical Studies

4. Application of GIS & 10

Remote Sensing: Registration and projection; Data structures; Data
interpolation and modelling, Information retrieval;
Topological modelling; Networks; Overlay; Data output
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 31 of 108
References:
1. D. Tomlin., (1990): Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling, Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ, ISBN 0-13-350927-3.
2. Esperança and Samet, H., (1997): “An overview of the SAND spatial database system, to appear in
Communications of the ACM”, (http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/pubs/sandprog.ps.gz)
3. G. Hjaltason and Samet, H.,“Ranking in Spatial Databases in Advances in Spatial Databases —4th
Symposium”, SSD’95, M. J. Egenhofer and J. R. Herring, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science 951,
4. Heywood, I., Comelius, S., and Carver, S., (1988): An Introduction to Geographical Information
Systems, Addison Wiley Longmont, New York.

5. http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/pubs/kim2.ps
6. Kumar, Dilip., Singh, R.B., and Kaur, Ranjeet., (2019): Spatial Information Technology for
Sustainable Development Goals, Springer.
7. Samet, H., (1990): Applications of Spatial Data Structures: Computer Graphics, Image Processing,
and GIS, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, ISBN 0-201- 50300-0.
8. Samet, H., (1990): The Design and Analysis of Spatial Data Structures, Addison-Wesley, Reading,
MA, ISBN 0-201-50255-0.
9. Samet, H., (1995): Spatial Data Structures in Modern Database Systems: The Object Model,
Interoperability, and Beyond, W. Kim, Ed., Addison-Wesley/ACM Press, 361-385.
http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/pubs/kim.ps

Page 32 of 108
 MN-1B Fundamentals of Remote Sensing (Practical)
Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Mark 25 Passing Mark 10

Learning objectives:
1. Understand the principles, types, and geometry of aerial photographs and explain how
electromagnetic radiation (EMR) interacts with the atmosphere and Earth's surface.
2. Demonstrate the process of geo-referencing, data editing, and map output generation in
geospatial analysis.
3. Apply the principles and functions of GPS technology in spatial data collection and geographic
studies.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Appreciate the strength and application of remote sensing
2. Map the resources, their location and availability
3. Apply this knowledge for sustainable development

Course Content: Practical 30 Hrs

1. Functions of Geospatial Principles, Types and Geometry of Aerial
Information Systems: Photograph; EMR Interaction with Atmosphere and 15
Earth Surface; Satellites – Geostationary and
Remote Sensing (Landsat and IRS) and Sensors,
Resolution (spatial and temporal).

2. Image Processing and Data Geo-Referencing, Editing and Output, Application 15

Analysis of GPS
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

References:
1. Anji Reddy, M. (2008): Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, B.S.
Publication, Hyderabad
2. Campbell, J. B., (2007): Introduction to Remote Sensing, Guildford Press.
3. Chauniyal, D.D., (2010): SudurSamvedanevam Bhogolik Suchana Pranali (Hindi), Sharda Pustak
Bhawan, Allahabad.
4. Jensen, J. R., (2004): Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Prentice Hall
Inc., New Jersey.
5. Jensen, J.R. (2007): Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective, Prentice-Hall
Inc., New Jersey.
6. Joseph, G. (2005): Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, United Press India.
7. Kumar, Dilip, Singh, R.B. and Kaur, Ranjeet (2019): Spatial Information Technology for Sustainable
Development Goals, Springer.

Page 33 of 108
8. Lillisand, T.M., and Kiefer, P.W., (2007): Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,6th Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, New York.
9. Nag, P. and Kudra, M., (1998): Digital Remote Sensing, Concept, New Delhi.
10. Rees, W. G., (2001): Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press.
11. Sarkar, A. (2015): Practical geography: A systematic approach. Orient Black Swan Private Ltd., New
Delhi
12. Singh, R. B. and Murai, S., (1998): Space-informatics for Sustainable Development, Oxford and IBH
Pub.
13. Wolf, P. R. and Dewitt, B. A., (2000): Elements of Photogrammetry: With Applications in GIS, McGraw-
Hill.

Page 34 of 108
 MJ-4 Introduction to Global Economic System (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Learning objectives:
1. Understand the concept of the global economic system and classify economic activities into
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors.
2. Examine major agricultural practices and regions, including key crops (rice, wheat, cotton,
sugarcane, tea), Derwent Whittlesey’s and Von Thünen’s models, and modern approaches like
precision agriculture.
3. Evaluate the role of transport, trade, and services in global development and assess the impact of
globalisation on countries' economic progress.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion of the course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Distinguish different types of economic activities and their utilities.
2. Appreciate the factors responsible for the location and distribution of activities.
3. Examine the significance and relevance of theories about the location of different economic activities.

Course Content: Theory Paper 45 Hrs.

1. Introduction Introduction to Global Economic System: 10
Concept and Classification of Economic Activities.
2. Primary Activities: Agriculture and major crops Rice, Wheat, Cotton, 15
Sugarcane and Tea, Agricultural Region of the
World (Derwent Whittlesey), Von Thunen’s
Agriculture Location Precision Agriculture,
Forestry, Fishing and Mining
3. Secondary Activities Manufacturing (Cotton Textile, Iron and Steel), the 10
Concept of Manufacturing Regions, special
economic zones, and Technology Parks, and
Weber’s Industry location theory.

4. Tertiary Activities: Transport, Trade and Services, Impact of 10

Globalisation on the development of countries
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Alexander, J. W., (1963): Economic Geography, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
2. Bagchi-Sen, S. and Smith, H. L., (2006): Economic Geography: Past, Present and Future, Taylor and
Francis.

Page 35 of 108
3. Clark, Gordon L.; Feldman, M.P. and Gertler, M.S., eds. (2000): The New Oxford Handbook of
Economic Geography, Oxford Press.
4. Coe, N. M., Kelly P. F. and Yeung H. W., (2007): Economic Geography: A Contemporary
Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell.
5. Combes, P., Mayer T. and Thisse, J. F., (2008): Economic Geography: The Integration of Regions
and Nations, Princeton University Press.
6. Durand, L., (1961): Economic Geography, Crowell.
7. Gautam Alka, (2006): Aarthik Bhugol ke Mool Tattv, Vasundhara Prakashan, Gorakhpur
8. Hodder, B. W. and Lee, Roger, (1974): Economic Geography, Taylor and Francis.
9. Knowles, R. &Wareing, J., (2004): Economic and Social Geography Made Simple, Rupa& Co.,
Kolkata.
10. Knox, P. & Marston, S., (2013): Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context, 6th
Edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
11. Leong, G.C. & Morgan G.C., (1982): Human and Economic Geography, Oxford Publications
12. Prithwish, Roy (2014): Economic Geography - A study of Resources, New Central Book Agency,
Kolkata.
13. Saxena, H.M., (2013): Economic Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
14. Siddhartha, K., (2013): Economic Geography, Kisalaya Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
15. Wheeler, J. O., (1998): Economic Geography, Wiley.
16. Willington, D. E., (2008): Economic Geography, Husband Press.

Page 36 of 108
 MJ-5 Environment and Natural Resource Management (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Learning objectives:
1. Understand the concept of environment and human-environment relationships, and explain the
structure and functions of ecosystems, including tropical, temperate, and polar types.
2. Identify major environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain, and greenhouse gas
emissions, and discuss their causes, effects, and mitigation measures.
3. Examine the classification, distribution, utilization, and management of natural resources such as
land, water, forests, and energy, along with related environmental problems.
Learning Outcome:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the dynamic interactive relationship between man and environment.
2. Have a sound understanding of distribution, utilization and proper management of natural resources at the
global level.
3. Make an assessment and review of planning and policies related to the environment and natural resources.
Course Content: Theory Paper 45 Hrs.
1. Introduction Environment and Natural Resource Management : 10
Concept, Human-Environment Relationships;
Ecosystem: Concept, Structure and Functions
2. Environmental Problems Tropical, Temperate and Polar Ecosystems, Depletion 15
and Protection of Ozon Layer, Acid Rain, Green
House Gases.

3. Natural Resource Concept, Classification, Distribution, Utilisation, 10

Problems and Management of Land, Water, Forests
and Energy.
4. Natural Resource Appraisal 10
and Conservation Appraisal and Conservation of Environment and
Natural Resources and Sustainable Resource
Development, Environmental Programmes and
Policies – Global, National and Local levels

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 37 of 108
References:
1. Chandna, R. C., (2002): Environmental Geography, Kalyani, Ludhiana.
2. Cunninghum, W. P. and Cunninghum, M. A., (2004): Principals of Environmental Science: Inquiry and
applications, Tata Macgraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Goudie, A., (2001): The Nature of the Environment, Blackwell, Oxford.
4. Holechek, J. L. C., Richard, A., Fisher, J. T. and Valdez, R., (2003): Natural Resources: Ecology,
Economics and Policy, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
5. Jones, G. and Hollier, G., (1997): Resources, Society and Environmental Management, Paul Chapman,
London.
6. Kumaraswamy, K., Alagappa Moses., A & Vasanthy, M. (2004) Environmental Studies, Bharathidasan
University, Tiruchirappalli.
7. Miller, G. T., (2004): Environmental Science: Working with the Earth, Thomson BrooksCole, Singapore.
8. Mitchell, B., (1997): Resource and Environmental Management, Longman Harlow, England.
9. MoEF, (2006): National Environmental Policy-2006, Ministry of Environment and forests, Government of
India.
10. Negi P.S. (2010): Praisthiki Evam Paryavaran Bhoogol, Rastogi Publications, Meerut
11. Odum, E. P. et al, (2005): Fundamentals of Ecology, Ceneage Learning India.
12. Saxena, H.M., 2012: Environmental Studies, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
13. Singh, R.B., and Hietala, R. (Eds.) (2014): Livelihood security in Northwestern Himalaya: Case studies
from changing socio-economic environments in Himachal Pradesh, India. Advances in Geographical and
Environmental Studies, Springer
14. Singh, Savindra., (2001): Paryavaran Bhugol (Hindi), Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. (in Hindi) 14.
Singh, R.B., Prokop, Pawel (Eds.) (2016): Environmental Geography of South Asia, Springer Japan.
15. Tiwari Ram Kumar (): Paryanvaran Adhyayan, Laxmi Publications Limited, Ranchi
16. UNEP, (2007): Global Environment Outlook: GEO4: Environment for Development, United Nations
Environment Programme.

Page 38 of 108
 MJ-03 Cartographic Techniques (Practical)
Credit 2 Teaching Hours 60
Full Mark 50 Passing Mark 20

Course objective:
1. To introduce the nature, scope, and historical development of cartography, along with modern
techniques used in map-making.
2. To develop skills in the graphical construction and application of scales, including plain,
comparative, and diagonal scales.
3. To understand the classification, properties, and uses of map projections, with emphasis on
conical, cylindrical, zenithal, and UTM projections.
4. To interpret weather maps and symbols, and represent atmospheric features using Indian daily
weather maps for different seasons.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Read and prepare maps.
2. Comprehend locational and spatial aspects of the earth's surface.
3. Assess the roles of structure, stage and time in shaping the landforms, interpret geomorphological
maps and apply the knowledge in geographical research.

Course Content: Practical 60 Hrs.

1. Introduction Nature, Scope and History of Cartography, Techniques in
Cartography. 10

2. Scales Concept and application; Graphical Construction of Plain, 15

Comparative and Diagonal Scales.
3. Map Projections Classification, Properties and Uses; Conical Projections: 25
One Standard parallel and Two Standard parallel
Cylindrical Projection: Mercator’s Projections,
Zenithal Projection: Gnomonic, Stereographic and
reference to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Projection.
4. Weather Map: Weather symbols, Representation of atmospheric features, 10
Interpretation of Indian daily weather maps (July, October
and January)
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 30 Marks+10 Marks Viva-Voce+10 Marks Practical
Note Book=50 Marks

Practical Record: A Project File in pencil, comprising one exercise each, on the scale, map projection,
interpretation of topographic sheet and slope analysis.

Page 39 of 108
References:
1. Anson R. and Ormelling F. J., (1994): International Cartographic Association: Basic Cartographic Vol.
Pregmen Press.
2. Gupta K.K. and Tyagi, V. C., (1992): Working with Map, Survey of India, DST, New Delhi.
3. Mishra R.P. and Ramesh, A., (1989): Fundamentals of Cartography, Concept, New Delhi.
4. Monkhouse F. J. and Wilkinson H. R.,(1973): Maps and Diagrams, Methuen, London.
5. Rhind D. W. and Taylor D. R. F., (eds.), (1989): Cartography: Past, Present and Future, Elsevier,
International Cartographic Association.
6. Robinson A. H., (2009): Elements of Cartography, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
7. Singh R. L. and Singh R. P. B., (1999): Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers.
8. Sarkar, A.K. (2015) Practical geography: A systematic approach. Orient Black Swan Private Ltd., New
Delhi
9. Singh R L & Rana P B Singh (1991) Prayogtmak Bhugol Ke Mool Tatva, Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi
10. Sharma, J P (2010) Prayogtmak Bhugol ki Rooprekha, Rastogi Publications, Meerut
11. Singh, R L & Dutta, P K (2012) PrayogatmakBhugol, Central Book Depot, Allaha

Page 40 of 108
 Semester –IV

COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME 2022

onwards for GEOGRAPHY

Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points:

Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational & Internship

Semester Courses

Code Papers Credits

Language and Communication Skills (MIL-

AEC-3 04
2/English-2)
VAC-2 Value Added Course-2 02

MN-
Rural Development 03
2B(Theory)

MN-
01
2B(Practical) Project Report on Rural Development
MJ-
03
6(Theory) Geography of India
IV
Regional Planning and Sustainable
MJ-
Development 03
7(Theory)

Evolution of Geographical Thought 03

MJ-8
(Theory)

MJ- Fundamentals of Remote Sensing (Practical)

4(Practical) 03

Page 41 of 108
 MN-2B Rural Development (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand the meaning, concepts, and approaches to rural development, including the
interdependence of urban and rural economies and Gandhian principles.
2. To explore key components of rural development, such as Panchayati Raj, agriculture, non-farm
activities, cooperatives, and the PURA model.
3. To examine major rural development programmes and policies, including central and Jharkhand-
specific initiatives like MNREGA, PMAY, JSLPS, and skill development schemes.
4. To assess access to basic services in rural areas, focusing on education, healthcare, and micro-
credit facilities for sustainable development.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion of course, the students will have ability to:
1. Appreciate the concepts, needs and various approaches to rural development;
2. Understand the strong economic bases of rural areas of India;
3. Appreciate the area based and target group-based approaches and provision of services to rural
development.

Course Content: Practical 45 Hrs.

1. Defining Development: Meaning, Concept and approaches, Inter-Dependence of
Urban and Rural Sectors of the Economy, Need for Rural 10
Development, Gandhian Approach of Rural Development.

2. Rural Economic Base Panchayati Raj System, Agriculture and Allied Sectors, 10
Seasonality and Need for Expanding Non-Farm
Activities, Co-operatives, PURA.
3. Area and Target Drought Prone Area Programmes, PMGSY, SJSY, 15
Based Approach to MNREGA,Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (PMAY),
Rural Development: Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS),
Jharkhand Skill Development Society, recent Policies and
programs.
4. Provision of Services Physical and Socio-Economic Access to Elementary 10
Education and Primary Health Care and Micro credit

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Anand, Subhash.,(2013): Dynamics of Rural Development, Research India Press, Delhi

Page 42 of 108
2. Gilg, A. W., (1985): An Introduction to Rural Geography, Edwin Arnold, London.
3. Krishnamurthy, J., (2000): Rural Development - Problems and Prospects, RawatPubls., Jaipur
4. Lee, D. A. and Chaudhri, D. P., (eds.) (1983): Rural Development and State, Methuen, London.
5. Misra, R. P., and Sundaram, K. V., (eds.) (1979): Rural Area Development: Perspectives and Approaches,
Sterling, New Delhi.
6. Misra, R. P., (ed.), (1985): Rural Development: Capitalist and Socialist Paths, Vol. 1, Concept, New
Delhi.
7. Palione, M., (1984): Rural Geography, Harper and Row, London.
8. Ramachandran, H., and Guimaraes, J.P.C., (1991): Integrated Rural Development in Asia–Leaning
fromRecent Experience, Concept Publishing, New Delhi.
9. Robb, P.,(1983): Rural South Asia: Linkages, Change and Development, Curzon Press.
10. Singh, R.B., (1985): Geography of Rural Development, Inter India, New Delhi.
11. UNAPDI (1986): Local Level Planning and Rural Development: Alternative Strategies. (United Nations
Asian & Pacific Development Institute, Bangkok), Concept Publs. Co., New Delhi.
12. Wanmali, S., (1992): Rural Infrastructure Settlement Systems and Development of the RegionalEconomy
in South India, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
13. Yugandhar, B. N. and Mukherjee, Neela., (eds.) (1991): Studies in Village India: Issues in Rural
Development, Concept Publications. Co., New Delhi.

Page 43 of 108
 MN-2B PRACTICAL: Project Report on Rural Development
Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Marks 25 Passing Marks 10

Course Objectives:
1. To introduce the concept and significance of socio-economic indicators used for measuring
development and well-being.
2. To train students in constructing composite indices using methods like the ranking technique
based on secondary data.
3. To develop analytical skills for interpreting socio-economic data in relation to regional
disparities and policy relevance.
4. To encourage critical review and field-based assessment of recent policies and programmes
using real-world data.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to identify and explain key socio-economic indicators related to health,
education, income, and infrastructure.
2. Students will construct composite indices using ranking methods and secondary data to compare
regional development.
3. Students will critically analyse recent development policies and programmes, assessing their
effectiveness through field surveys.
4. Students will develop report-writing and presentation skills by documenting and evaluating field-
based findings.

Course Content: Practical 30 Hrs

1.Socioeconomic Introduction to Socio-economic Indicators, and 15
Development construction of composite indices ( Ranking Method
based on secondary data)
2.Policies and Critical Review of any latest policy and programme 15
programmes based on field survey

Note: -Prepare a project report on any one (based on own choices)

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

Reference
1. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S000017GE/P001787/M027023/ET/1
517203299CompositeScore(Text.pdf)
2. https://rural.nic.in/en
3. https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/rdd

Page 44 of 108
 MJ-06 Geography of India (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand the physical geography of India, including its location, physiographic divisions,
climate, drainage, soils, and natural vegetation.
2. To analyse the demographic and socio-cultural structure of the Indian population, focusing on
distribution by race, religion, language, and tribal groups.
3. To study the distribution and utilization of key natural resources and agricultural crops, and
examine spatial patterns of industrial development in sectors like automobiles and IT.
4. To explore regional divisions of India based on physiographic (R. L. Singh), socio-cultural
(Sopher), and economic (Sengupta) approaches.

Learning outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the physical profile of the country
2. Study the resource endowment and its spatial distribution and utilization for sustainable development
3. Synthesise and develop the idea of regional dimensions.

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Physical: Location, Physiographic Divisions, Climate characteristics,
Drainage, Soil and Natural Vegetation 10

2. Population: Distribution and Growth, Structure, Social; Distribution of 10

Population by Race, Religion, Language, Tribes and their
Correlates.
3. Economic: Mineral and Power Resources; Distribution and Utilisation 15
of Iron Ore, Coal, Petroleum, Gas; Agricultural Production
of Rice, Wheat, Cotton and Sugarcane; Spatial Patterns of
Industrial Development: Automobile and Information
Technology
4. Regionalisation of Physiographic (R. L. Singh), Socio-Cultural (Sopher), 10
India: Economic (Sengupta)

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Deshpande, C. D., (1992): India: A Regional Interpretation, ICSSR, New Delhi.

Page 45 of 108
2. Douglas, L. Johnson.,(2009): World Regional Geography, Tenth edition, Pearson Education Inc, New
Jersey.
3. Johnson, B. L. C., ed. (2001): Geographical Dictionary of India. Vision Books, New Delhi.
4. Khullar, D.R. (2014): India: A Comprehensive Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Khullar, D.R. (2016): Bharat Ka Bhugol, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
6. Majid Husain (2009): Geography of India, Tata McGraw hill Education Private Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Mandal, R. B. (ed.), (1990): Patterns of Regional Geography–An International Perspective. Vol. 3–Indian
Perspective.

8. Tiwari R.C.(2012): Bharat Ka Bhugol , Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad

Page 46 of 108
 MJ-07 Regional Planning and Sustainable Development (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand the concepts and types of regions, including formal, functional, and planning
regions, and the significance of regional planning in spatial development.
2. To examine the characteristics and delineation of planning regions, with special reference to the
regionalization of India through approaches like Agro-Ecological Zones.
3. To study key development and growth models such as those by Perroux, Myrdal, Hirschman,
Rostow, Friedmann, and R.P. Mishra, including their applications in the Indian context.

Learning outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Identify notable lagging regions and solutions for their overall development
2. Have a comprehensive understanding of the different regions and the application of different models
and theories for integrated regional development.
3. Select appropriate indicators for the measurement of socio-economic regional development.

Course Content: 45 Hrs.

1. Introduction Formal, Functional, and Planning Regions and
Regional Planning; Need and types of Regional 10
Planning.
2. Choice of a Region for Characteristics of an Ideal Planning Region, 10
Planning: Delineation of Planning Region, Regionalization of
India for Planning (Agro-Ecological Zones)
3. Theories and Models for Growth Pole Model of Perroux ; Myrdal, 10
Regional Planning: Hirschman, Rostow and Friedmann , R. P. Mishra’s
Growth Foci model Growth Centre Model in Indian
Context, Village Cluster.
4. Sustainable Concept of Development and Underdevelopment, 15
Development: Efficiency-Equity Debate, Definition, Components
and Sustainability for Development. Development
Indicators (Economic, Social and Environmental),
Sustainable Development Policies and Programmes:
Rio+20; Goal-Based Development, Principles of
Good Governance.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 47 of 108
References:
1. Agyeman, Julian, Robert, D. Bullard and Bob, Evans., (Eds.) (2003): Just Sustainability’s:
Development in an Unequal World. London: Earthscan. (Introduction and conclusion.).
2. Anand, Subhash., (2011): Ecodevelopment: Glocal Perspectives, Research India Press, New Delhi.
3. Ayers, Jessica and David Dodman., (2010): “Climate change adaptation and development I: the state
of the debate”. Progress in Development Studies 10 (2): 161-168.
4. Baker, Susan., (2006): Sustainable Development. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, N.Y.:
Routledge. (Chapter 2, “The concept of sustainable development”).
5. Blij, H. J. De., (1971): Geography: Regions and Concepts, John Wiley and Sons.
6. Chandana R.C., (2013): Pradeshik Niyojan Tatha Vikas, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
7. Friedmann, J. and Alonso W. (1975): Regional Policy - Readings in Theory and Applications, MIT
Press, Massachusetts.
8. Pathak, C. R. (2003): Spatial Structure and Processes of Development in India. Regional Science Assoc.,
Kolkata.
9. Sdyasuk, Galina and P, Sengupta., (1967): Economic Regionalisation of India, Census of India.
10. Sharma, T.C. (2013): Economic Geography of India. Rawat Publication, Jaipur.
11. Singh R. L., (1971): India: A Regional Geography, National Geographical Society of India.
12. Singh, Jagdish.,(2003): India - A Comprehensive & Systematic Geography, Gyanodaya Prakashan,
Gorakhpur.
13. Singh, R. B. and Prokop, Pawel.,(2016): Environmental Geography of South Asia, Springer, Japan.
14. Spate O. H. K. and Learmonth A. T. A., (1967): India and Pakistan: A General and Regional
Geography, Methuen.
15. Tirtha, Ranjit (2002): Geography of India, Rawat Publs., Jaipur & New Delhi.
16. Tiwari, R.C. (2007): Geography of India. PrayagPustakBhawan, Allahabad.

Page 48 of 108
 MJ-08 Evolution of Geographical Thought (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To introduce the major paradigms in geography and trace the origins of geographical thought
from classical to medieval philosophies.
2. To examine the evolution of geographical thinking across different regions, including Germany,
France, Britain, USA, and India, and understand key disciplinary dichotomies such as
determinism vs. possibilism and systematic vs. regional approaches.
3. To explore contemporary trends in geography, including the Quantitative Revolution,
behaviouralism, systems approach, radicalism, feminism, and post-modernism, along with the
changing concept of space and the future of the discipline.

Learning outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Distinguish the paradigms in geography discipline through time
2. Understand the geographical thinking in different regions of the world
3. Appreciate the past and future trends of world geography in general and Indian geography in particular

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Paradigms Paradigms in Geography, Early Origins of Geographical Thinking
regarding the Classical and Medieval Philosophies. 10

2. Modern Evolution of Geographical Thinking and Disciplinary Trends in 10

Germany, France, Britain, United States of America, India
3. Debates Dichotomy – Environmental Determinism and Possibilism, Neo- 10
Determinism, Systematic and Regional, Ideographic and
Nomothetic.
4. Trends Quantitative Revolution and its Impact, Behaviouralism, Systems 15
Approach, Radicalism, Feminism; Towards Post-Modernism –
Changing Concept of Space in Geography, Future of Geography.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Bhat, L.S., (2009): Geography in India (Selected Themes). Pearson
2. Bonnett, A., (2008): What is Geography? Sage.
3. Dikshit, R. D., (1997): Geographical Thought: A Contextual History of Ideas, Prentice–Hall India.
4. Freeman, R., (1970): Hundred years of Geography, Hutchinson. London.
5. Hartshone, R., (1959): Perspectives of Nature of Geography, Rand MacNally and Co.
6. Harvey, David., (1969): Explanation in Geography, London: Arnold.
7. Holt-Jensen, A., (2011): Geography: History and Its Concepts: A Students Guide, SAGE.

Page 49 of 108
8. Hussain, M., (2005): Bhougolik Chintan Ka Itihas, Rawat Publications
9. Johnston, R. J., (1997): Geography and Geographers, Anglo-American Human Geography since (1945),
Arnold, London.
10. Johnston, R. J., (Ed.): Dictionary of Human Geography, Routledge.
11. Kapur, A., (2001): Indian Geography Voice of Concern, Concept Publications.
12. Martin Geoffrey J., (2005): All Possible Worlds: A History of Geographical Ideas, Oxford.
13. Singh, R.B. (2016): Progress in Indian Geography, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi.
14. Soja, Edward (1989): Post-modern Geographies, Verso, London. Reprinted 1997: Rawat Publ., Jaipur
and New Delhi.
15. Sudeepta, Adhikari., (2015): Fundamentals of Geographical Thought, Orientblackswan private limited.

Page 50 of 108
 MJ-04 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing (Practical)
Credit 3 Teaching Hours 60
Full Mark 75 Passing Mark 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand the basics of remote sensing, including its definition, development, platforms, and
types.
2. To learn principles of aerial photography and satellite remote sensing, including EMR interaction,
sensors, and resolution.
3. To apply geospatial techniques like geo-referencing and digitization for analyzing forests, water
resources, natural hazards, land use, and urban sprawl.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Appreciate the strength and application of remote sensing
2. Map the resources, their location and availability
3. Apply this knowledge for sustainable development

Course Content: Practical 60 Hrs.

1. Remote Sensing Definition, Development, Platforms and Types 15
2. Aerial Photography and Principles, Types and Geometry of Aerial Photograph; 20
Satellite Remote Sensing: EMR Interaction with Atmosphere and Earth Surface;
Satellites – geostationary and remote sensing (Landsat
and IRS) and Sensors, Resolution (spatial and
temporal).
3. Introduction to Image Geo-Referencing; Editing and Output, Digitization 15
Processing and Data
Analysis:
4. Interpretation and Forests Monitoring, Water Resources and Natural 10
Application of Remote hazards, Land use/ Land Cover, Urban Sprawl Analysis.
Sensing:
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 45 Marks+15 Marks Viva-Voce+15 Marks Practical
Note Book=75 Marks

Practical Record:
A project file consisting of two exercises will be done from aerial photos and satellite images (scale,
orientation and interpretation) and 3 exercises on using any Software on the above-mentioned themes.

Page 51 of 108
References:
1. Anji Reddy, M. (2008): Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, B.S.
Publication, Hyderabad
2. Campbell, J. B., (2007): Introduction to Remote Sensing, Guildford Press.
3. Chauniyal, D.D., (2010): SudurSamvedanevam Bhogolik Suchana Pranali (Hindi), Sharda Pustak
Bhawan, Allahabad.

Jensen, J. R., (2004): Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Prentice Hall
Inc., New Jersey.
5. Jensen, J.R. (2007): Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective, Prentice-Hall
Inc., New Jersey.
6. Joseph, G. (2005): Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, United Press India.
7. Kumar, Dilip, Singh, R.B. and Kaur, Ranjeet (2019): Spatial Information Technology for Sustainable
Development Goals, Springer.
8. Lillisand, T.M., and Kiefer, P.W., (2007): Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,6th Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, New York.
9. Nag, P. and Kudra, M., (1998): Digital Remote Sensing, Concept, New Delhi.
10. Rees, W. G., (2001): Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press.
11. Sarkar, A. (2015): Practical geography: A systematic approach. Orient Black Swan Private Ltd., New
Delhi
12. Singh, R. B. and Murai, S., (1998): Space-informatics for Sustainable Development, Oxford and IBH
Pub.
13. Wolf, P. R. and Dewitt, B. A., (2000): Elements of Photogrammetry: With Applications in GIS, McGraw-
Hill.

Page 52 of 108
 Semester V

COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE

PROGRAMME 2022 onwards for GEOGRAPHY

Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points:

Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational &

Semester Internship Courses
Code Papers Credits

Coupled Human and Environment

MN-
System 03
1C(Theory)

MN- Coupled Human and Environment System

01
1C(Practical)

MJ-9(Theory) 03
Hydrology and Soil Studies

MJ-10(Theory) Geography of Jharkhand 03

V 03
MJ-11(Theory)
Political Geography

Application of Digital Remote Sensing

in Natural Resources and Hazard
MJ-5(Practical) 03
Mapping (Practical)

Field Techniques and Research 02

Proposal
IAP

Internship/Apprenticeship/Field Work/ 02
Dissertation/Project

Page 53 of 108
 MN-1C Human and Environment System (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives:
1. To understand the concepts and components of coupled human-environment systems and related
theories.
2. To analyse interactions and impacts between human and natural systems, focusing on
vulnerability, risk, and resilience.
3. To explore approaches to sustainability, including management, governance, and policy
frameworks.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion of course, the students will have ability to:
1. Understand the fundamental concepts of coupled human-environment system.
2. Assess the vulnerability, risk and resilience issues associated with the human-environment system.
3. Develop possible solutions for addressing the contemporary sustainability challenges.

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Introduction
Concepts, components and theories of 15
coupled human environment system.

2. Biogeochemical Cycles: Interactions and impact between 10

human and natural systems.
3. Vulnerability 10
Integrated Assessment of
Vulnerability Risk; Resilience and
Sustainability.
4. Management 10
Management, Governance and
Policies.
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 54 of 108
References:
1. Clarke, G. L., (1967). Elements of ecology, New York: John Wiley Pub.
2. Haden-Guest, S., Wright, J. K., and Teclaff, E. M.,(1956):World Geography of Forest Resources, New
York: Ronald Press Co.
3. Hoyt, J.B.,(1992):Man, and the Earth, Prentice Hall, U.S.A.
4. Lapedes, D.N.,(1974):Encyclopaedia of Environmental Science (eds.), McGraw Hill.
5. Parmesan, C., Yohe, G.,(2003):A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural
systems. Nature, 421 (6918), 37–42.
6. Singh Savindra., (2015): Paryawaran Bhoogol (Hindi), Prayag Pushtak Bhawan, Allahabad.
7. Singh, R.B., Schickhoff, Udo and Mal, Suraj., (2016): Climate Change, Glacier Response and Vegetation
Dynamics in the Himalaya, Springer, Switzerland.
8. Singh, R.B., Prokop, Pawel., (Eds.) (2016):Environmental Geography of South Asia, Springer Japan.
9. Sivaperuman, Chandrakasan et al. (2018):Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical
Islands. Academic Press, London.
10. Trewartha G. T., (1980):An Introduction to Climate, McGraw Hill Company, New York.
11. UNEP (2002):“Mountain and Tree cover in Mountain Regions” Report - 2002, UNEP-WCMC.

Page 55 of 108
 MN-1C (Human and Environment System (PRACTICAL)
Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Marks 25 Passing Marks 10

Course objectives:
1. To study the physical and hydrological characteristics of the Himalaya-Ganga system,
including surface and groundwater dynamics.
2. To understand the interactions between atmospheric processes and water systems,
focusing on precipitation, runoff, and water balance.
3. To examine coastal-water interactions, including the impact of tides, waves, and human
activities on coastal environments.

Learning outcome:
1. Students will be able to explain the hydrological features of the Himalaya-Ganga system
and assess the significance of surface and groundwater resources.
2. Students will understand the interaction between the atmosphere and water systems,
including processes like rainfall, evaporation, and runoff.
3. Students will analyse coastal-water dynamics, identifying key environmental and human
factors affecting coastal zones.

Course Content: Practical 30Hrs

1. Global and regional case studies I 15

Himalaya-Ganga system;
Surface and ground water

2. Global and regional case studies II

Atmosphere-water system;
15
Coastal-water interaction.

.
Note: -Prepare a project report on any one (based on own choices)

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

Page 56 of 108
 MJ-9 Hydrology and Soil Studies (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand the systems approach in hydrology and analyse the components and
human impacts on the hydrological cycle.
2. To study water balance, extreme events (floods and droughts), and integrated water
resource management, including case studies and river water disputes.
3. To examine soil as a vital natural resource, focusing on its types, distribution, utilisation,
problems, and sustainable management practices.

Learning Outcome
After the completion of course, the students will have ability to:
1. Understand the basic components of hydrological cycle and comprehend practices of integrated
watershed management.
2. Evaluate the water balancing and river basin and water disputes.
3. Study the soil as a basic resource, focusing its distribution, problems and management.

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Hydrological Cycle: Systems Approach in Hydrology, Human Impact on the
Hydrological Cycle; Precipitation, Interception, 15
Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Infiltration, Ground-
water, Runoff and Overland Flow;

2. Water Balance: Input and output; water balance; floods and droughts; 10
Integrated water resource management.

3. River Basin: Integrated Assessment of Vulnerability Risk; Resilience 10

and Sustainability,
River Water Dispute; River linkages; Case studies:
Ganga(Farakka)-Damodar Subarnarekha link

4. Soil Resource: Definition, Types and Distribution, Utilisation, Problems 10

and Management of Soil Resource.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 57 of 108
References:
1. Andrew. D. ward, and Stanley, Trimble., (2004): Environmental Hydrology, 2nd edition, Lewis
Publishers, CRC Press.
2. Fetter, C.W. (2005): Applied Hydrogeology, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
3. Reddy, K. Ramamohan, Venkateswara Rao, B., Sarala, C. (2014): Hydrology and Watershed
Management, Allied Publishers.
4. Karanth, K.R. (1988): Ground Water: Exploration, Assessment and Development, Tata- McGraw Hill,
New Delhi.
5. Lyon, J.G. (2003): GIS for Water Resource and Watershed Management, Taylor and Francis, New York.
6. Meinzer,. O.E. (1962): Hydrology, Dover Publications, New York.

7. Ramaswamy, C. (1985): Review of floods in India during the past 75 years: A Perspective, Indian
National Science Academy, New Delhi.
8. Rao, K.L. (1982): India's Water Wealth, 2nd edition, Orient Longman, Delhi.
9. Singh, M., Singh, R.B. and Hassan, M.I., (Eds.) (2014): Landscape ecology and water management,
Proceedings of IGU Rohtak Conference, Volume 2. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Studies,
Springer.
10. Singh, Vijay P. (1995): Environmental Hydrology. Kluwar Academic Publications, The Netherlands.
11. Tideman, E.M. (1999): Watershed management - Guidelines for Indian Conditions, Omega Scientific
Publishers, New Delhi
12. Todd, D.K. (1959): Groundwater Hydrology, Wiley India Edition, New Delhi.

Page 58 of 108
 MJ-10 Geography of Jharkhand (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand Jharkhand's physical setting and natural resources, including
physiography, drainage, soils, forests, agriculture, and mineral wealth.
2. To analyse industrial and infrastructural development patterns, focusing on transport,
tourism, and regional planning with special reference to the Subarnarekha River Basin.
3. To Study the demographic, economic, and cultural aspects of tribal communities, and
examine the key social, financial, and environmental challenges facing Jharkhand.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion of the course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the Physiography and Climate of Jharkhand
2. Understand the geographical distribution of mineral resources
3. Evaluate the socio-economic and industrial development of Jharkhand

Course content Theory 45 Hrs

1. Introduction Physiography and Relief, drainage pattern, soil, forest 10 Note for
resources and its economic importance.
2.Resource Agriculture: irrigation types and distribution, major crops
Mineral resources: Coal, Iron Ore, Bauxite, Mica and Uranium 10

3. Industry Industrial Development, Transport: Roads, Railways, and

development of tourism, eco-tourism in Jharkhand. Regional 10
Development of Subarnarekha River Basin

4. Population Growth, distribution & density; Population composition: age &

Sex ratio, rural-urban, Human Development, Economy and 15
habitats of Santhal, Oraons & Munda. Social, Economic and
environmental problems of Jharkhand
Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5 Marks =75
Marks

Page 59 of 108
References:
1. Singh Sunil Kumar (2014) : Jharkhand Paridrishya, Crown Publications, Ranchi.
2. Singh Sunil Kumar (2005) : Inside Jharkhand, Crown Publications, Ranchi.
3. Tiwari Ram Kumar (2009) : Jharkhand Ka Bhoogol, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi.
4. Kumar Shyam (2004) : Jharkhand : Ek Vistrit Adhyayan, Safal Prakashan, New Delhi.
5. Sinha V.N.P. & Singh L.K.P. (2003) : Jharkhand Land and People, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi.
6. Oraon Prakash Chandra (2003) : Land and people of Jharkhand, Jharkhand Tribal Welfare Research
Institute, Ranchi.
7. Sharma Bimla Charan & Vikram Kirti (2006) : Jharkhand Ki Janyatiyan, Crown Publications, Ranchi.
8. Mahto Bhoopal Kumar (2005) : Jharkhand Ek Adhyayan, Sahitya Bhawan Publications, Agra .

Page 60 of 108
 MJ-11 Political Geography (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand Jharkhand's physical setting and natural resources, including
physiography, drainage, soils, forests, agriculture, and mineral wealth.
2. To analyse industrial and infrastructural development patterns, focusing on transport,
tourism, and regional planning with special reference to the Subarnarekha River Basin.
3. To Study the demographic, economic, and cultural aspects of tribal communities, and
examine the key social, financial, and environmental challenges facing Jharkhand.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion of the course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Learn the concept of the nation and state and geopolitical theories
2. Understand the different dimensions of electoral geography and resource conflicts
3. Have sound knowledge of the politics of displacement, focusing on dams and SEZ

Course Content: 45 Hrs

1. Introduction: Concepts, Nature and Scope
Concept of Nation and State, Attributes of State – Frontiers, 15
Boundaries, Shape, Size, Territory and Sovereignty

2. Electoral Geography of Voting, Geographic Influences on Voting 10

Geography Patterns, Geography of Representation, Gerrymandering.

3. Political Rimland & Heartland Theories, Water Sharing Disputes, 10

Geography of Disputes and Conflicts Related to Forest Rights and
Resource Conflicts Minerals.
4. Politics of Issues of relief, compensation and rehabilitation: with 10
Displacement: reference to Dams, Highways and Special Economic Zones

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Adhikari, S. (2007): Political Geography, Rawat Publication, New Delhi.
2. Adhikari, S. (2013): Political Geography of India –Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
3. Agnew, J. (2002): Making Political Geography, Arnold.
4. Agnew, J., Mitchell, K. and Total, G. (2003): A Companion to Political Geography, Blackwell.
5. Cox, K. R., Low, M. and Robinson, J., (2008): The Sage Handbook of Political Geography, Sage
Publications.
6. Cox, K. (2002): Political Geography: Territory, State and Society, Wiley-Blackwell

Page 61 of 108
7. Gallaher, C., et al (2009): Key Concepts in Political Geography, Sage Publications.
8. Glassner, M. (1993): Political Geography, Wiley.
9. Hodder, Dick, Sarah, J, Llyod and Keith, S, McLachlan., (1998): Land Locked States of Africa and Asia
(vo.2), Frank Cass
10. Jones, M. (2004): An Introduction to Political Geography: Space, Place and Politics, Routledge.
11. Painter, J. and Jeffrey, A., (2009): Political Geography, Sage Publications.
12. Taylor, P. and Flint, C., (2000): Political Geography, Pearson Education.
13. Verma, M. K. (2004): Development, Displacement and Resettlement, Rawat Publications, Delhi.

Page 62 of 108
 MJ-05 Application of Digital Remote Sensing in Natural Resources and
Hazard Mapping (Practical)
Credit 3 Hours 90
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand digital image processing techniques, including correction, enhancement,
and classification.
2. To apply remote sensing in land use, natural resource, and urban studies.
3. To analyse weather phenomena and natural hazards using geospatial tools.

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Develop the skill to use digital satellite data using software
2. Prepare the maps based on satellite data to compare with the ground realities.
3. Classify digital data for the land use/land cover and urban studies

Course Content: 90Hrs

1. Image Processing Pre-processing (Radiometric and Geometric Correction);
(Digital and Manual): Enhancement (Filtering); Classification (Supervised and 30
Un-supervised), Digital Image Processing and
Interpretation.
2. Application of Digital Land Use /Land Cover, Natural Resources, Water and 20
Remote Sensing: Forest
3. Application of Urban Studies; Urban Morphology, Urban Heat Island 20
Digital Remote
Sensing:
4. Application of Weather (cyclones) studies and natural hazards (e.g. 20
Remote Sensing: Drought and Lightning

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 45 Marks+15 Marks Viva-Voce+15 Marks Practical
Note Book=75 Marks

Practical Record: A project file consisting of 5 exercises on using any method on the above-mentioned
themes.

References:
1. Bhatta, B. (2008): Remote Sensing and GIS, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
2. Campbell, J. B. (2007): Introduction to Remote Sensing, Guildford Press
3. Chauniyal, D., (2010): SudurSamvedana Avam Bhaugolik Suchna Pranali, Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad.

Page 63 of 108
4. Hord R.M., (1989): Digital Image Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, Academic, New York.
5. Jensen, J. R. (2005): Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Pearson
Prentice-Hall.
6. Jensen, J. R. (2007): Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective, Prentice-Hall
Inc., New Jersey.
7. Joseph, G. (2005): Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, United Press India.
8. Kumar, Dilip, Singh, R.B. and Kaur, Ranjeet. (2019): “Spatial Information Technology for Sustainable
Development Goals”, Springer.
9. Li, Z., Chen, J. and Batsavias, E., (2008): Advances in Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial
Information Sciences, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis, London
10. Lillesand, T. M., Kiefer, R. W. and Chipman, J. W. (2004): Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
Wiley. (Wiley Student Edition).
11. Mukherjee, S. (2004): Textbook of Environmental Remote Sensing, Macmillan, Delhi.
12. Nag, P. and Kudra, M., (1998): Digital Remote Sensing, Concept, New Delhi.
13. Richards, J. A. and JiaXiuping. (2005): Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: An Introduction, 4th
Edition, Springer, Verlag, Berlin.

Page 64 of 108
 IAP: Field Techniques and Research Proposal
Credit 4 Teaching Hours 120
Full Marks 100 Passing Marks 40

Course objectives:
1. To develop skills for identifying and formulating research problems and questions.
2. To understand the structure and components of a research report or dissertation.
3. To gain practical experience through field work or project-based research.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion, of course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Conduct proper fieldwork for the collection of primary data to bring out grassroots realities.
2. Make use of proper tools and surveying methods for measurement in the context of the collection and
processing of data.
3. Prepare a report based on field data.

Course Content: Practical 120 Hrs

1. Introduction Meaning, Significance, Types and Approaches to Research in
Geography; Literature Review; Field Work in Geographical
Studies –Defining the Field and Identifying the Case Study, Type
and Sources of Data, Methods of Collection: Merits, Demerits,
Selection of the Appropriate Research Technique, Observation
(Participant / Non-Participant), Questionnaires (Open/ Closed /
Structured / Non-Structured); Interview with Special Focus Group 120
Discussions.
2. Research Identification of Research Problem, Research Questions.
Design and Content: Introduction, statement of the Problems, Objective,
Proposal: Database, Methods, Results and Discussion, Bibliography.
IAP Field Work/ Dissertation/Project

Note for Assessment: Field Work/Dissertation Report – 80 + 20 Marks Viva-Voce =100 Marks

Practical Record:
1. Each student will prepare an individual Practical Note Book and Field work report based on primary
and secondary data collected during fieldwork.
2. The duration of the fieldwork should not exceed 10 days.
3. The word count of the report should be about 8000 to 12,000 excluding figures, tables, photographs,
maps, references and appendices.
4. One copy of the report on A4-size paper should be submitted in soft binding.

Page 65 of 108
References
1. Creswell, J. (1994): Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Sage Publications.
2. Dikshit, R. D. (2003): The Art and Science of Geography: Integrated Readings, Prentice-Hall of India, New
Delhi.
3. Evans, M. (1988): “Participant Observation: The Researcher as Research Tool” in Qualitative Methods in
Human Geography, eds. J. Eyles and D. Smith, Polity.
4. Misra, R.P., (2014). Fundamentals of Cartography. (Second revised, enlarged Edition). Concept Publishing, New
Delhi.
5. Mukherjee, Neela.,(1993): Participatory Rural Appraisal: Methodology and Application, Concept Publs. Co.,
New Delhi.
6. Mukherjee, Neela.,(2002): Participatory Learning and Action: with 100 Field Methods. Concept Publs. Co., New
Delhi
7. Robinson, A. (1998): "Thinking Straight and Writing That Way", in Writing Empirical Research Reports: A Basic
Guide for Students of the Social and Behavioural Sciences, eds. by F. Pryczak and R. Bruce Pryczak, Publishing:
Los Angeles.
8. Singh, R.L., & Dutta, P.K. (2012): Prayogatmak Bhugol (Hindi). Central Book Depot, Allahabad.
9. Special Issue on “Doing Fieldwork” The Geographical Review 91:1-2 (2001).
10. Stoddard, R. H. (1982): Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography, Kendall/Hunt.
11. Wolcott, H. (1995): The Art of Fieldwork, Alta Mira Press, Walnut Creek, CA.
12. Sheskin, I.M.: Survey Research for Geographers, Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur, 1987
13. Kothari, C. R.: Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Wishwa Prakashan,1994
14. Misra H.N. and V.P. Singh: Research Methodology in Geography: Social, Spatial and Policy Dimensions,
Rawat Publications, New Delhi, 1998
15. Retherford, R.D. and Choe, M.K. 1993. Statistical Methods for Causal Analyses. A Wiley-Interscience
Publication.
16. Singleton, Royce A. 2005. Approaches to Social Research, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press

Page 66 of 108
 Semester VI

COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE

PROGRAMME 2022 onwards for GEOGRAPHY

Table 6: Semester-wise Course Code and Credit Points:

Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational & Internship

Semester Courses

Code Papers Credits

MN- Climate Change Vulnerability and

03
2C(Theory) Adaptation

MN-
Climate Change Vulnerability and 01
2C(Practical)
Adaptation

MJ-12(Theory) 03
Oceanography

VI MJ-13(Theory) 03
World Regional Geography

03
Settlement Geography
MJ-14(Theory)

Biogeography
MJ-15(Theory) 03

MJ- Instrumental Survey (02 credit)

04
06(Practical) Educational Tour Report (02 credit)

Page 67 of 108
MN-2C Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand the causes and impacts of climate change, including greenhouse gases and
global warming.
2. To explore the various dimensions of vulnerability (physical, economic, social) and their
assessment.
3. To analyse global and national climate change initiatives, with a focus on South Asia and
local institutions like urban local bodies and panchayats.

Learning Outcome:
After the completion of the course, the students will have the ability to:
1. Understand the foundational concepts of climate change and its impacts.
2. Assess the human and environmental vulnerability to climate change.
3. Learn the various adaptations and mitigation for reducing the impacts of climate change and the
national action plan.

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Climate change Understanding Climate Change; Greenhouse 15
Gases and Global Warming; Global Climatic
Assessment- IPCC

2. Climate Change and 10

Vulnerability: Physical Vulnerability; Economic Vulnerability;
Social Vulnerability

3. Adaptation and 10
Mitigation: Global Initiatives with Particular Reference to
South Asia.

4. Action Plans 10
National Action Plan on Climate Change; Local
Institutions (Urban Local Bodies, Panchayats)

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 68 of 108
References:
1. IPCC (2014): Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral
Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
2. IPCC (2007): Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working
Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
3. OECD (2008): Climate Change Mitigation: “What do we do?”(Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development).
4. Sen, Roy, S., and Singh, R.B., (2002): Climate Variability, Extreme Events and Agricultural Productivity
in Mountain Regions, Oxford & IBH Pub., New Delhi.

5. Singh, M., Singh, R.B., and Hassan, M.I., (Eds.) (2014): Climate change and biodiversity, Proceedings of
IGU Rohtak Conference, Volume 1. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Studies, Springer
6. Singh, R.B., Mal, Suraj, and Huggel, Christian (2018): Climate Change, Extreme Events and Disaster Risk
Reduction, Springer, Switzerland, pages 309.
7. UNEP (2007): Global Environment Outlook: GEO4: Environment for Development, United Nations
Environment Programme

Page 69 of 108
 MN-2C Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation (Practical)
Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Marks 25 Passing Marks 10

Course objectives:
1. To develop practical skills in analysing the relationship between agriculture, water
resources, and their environmental impacts on flora and fauna.
2. To conduct field-based investigations on the impact of industrial towns on human health
and environmental conditions, with a focus on flora, fauna, and pollution.
3. To evaluate the sustainability of agricultural practices and industrial development in
relation to natural resources, water usage, and ecological balance.

Learning outcome:
1. Students will understand the relationship between agriculture, water resources, and
ecosystems.
2. Students will analyse the impact of industrial towns on human health and the environment.
3. Students will evaluate sustainable practices in agriculture and industrial development.

Course Content: Practical 30Hrs

1. Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Water; Flora and 15

Nature Fauna;

2. Impact of Climate Change on

Human Being Human Health and Industrial Town
15

.
Note: -Prepare a project report on any one (based on own choices)

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

Page 70 of 108
 MJ -12 Oceanography (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand the nature, scope, and origin of ocean basins, including the physical and
chemical properties of oceans such as density, temperature, and salinity.
2. To analyse the dynamics of oceanic systems, including waves, currents, tides, and the
ocean floor topography, focusing on the Indian Ocean.
3. To Study marine life and the environment, including aquatic organisms, coral reefs,
marine sediments, and using ocean resources.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Understand bottom relief and properties of oceanic water
2. Understand the oceanic process and availability of resources.

Course Content Theory 45 Hrs. Note for

.1 Introduction Nature and Scope, Origin of Ocean Basin, Bottom Relief 10

of the Ocean

2. Properties of Physical and Chemical Properties (Density, Temperature, 15

Ocean Water Salinity), Distribution and Determinants; Waves, Currents
and Tides
3. Oceanic Vertical and horizontal, Ocean Floor Topography: Indian 10
Water Ocean, Aquatic organisms (Plankton, Nekton, Benthos).
Movements &
Ecology:
4. Oceanic Marin Environment, Coral Reefs and Marine Sediments and 10
Deposits: Deposits, Ocean Resources
Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5 Marks =75
Marks

References
1. Anikouchine, W. A. and Sternberg, R. W., (1973): The World Oceans: An Introduction to Oceanography,
Prentice-Hall
2. Pinet, P. R. (2008): Invitation to Oceanography (Fifth Edition), Jones and Bartlett Publishers, USA, UK
and Canada.
3. Sverdrup, K. A. and Armbrust, E. V., (2008): An Introduction to the World Ocean, McGraw-Hill, Boston.
4. Kershaw, S. (2000): Oceanography: An Earth Science Perspective, Stanley Thornes, UK.
5. Singh Savindra (2012); Oceanography, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
6. Lal D.S. (2012); Oceanography, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
7. Lal D.S.(2012); Samudra Vigyan, Sarda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

Page 71 of 108
8. Jalvayu evam (2012); Samudra Vigyan, Prayag Pustak Bhawan,Allahabad.
9. Tait R.V. (1981); Elements of Marine Ecology, Butterworths, London, Boston.
10. Siddhartha K. (2009); Oceanography, Kislaya Publications Pvt. Ltd..
New Delhi.
11. Gautam Alka (2003-04); Jalvayu evam Samudra Vigyan, Rustogi Publications, Meerut.
12. Negi B.S.; Climatology and Oceanography, Kedar Nath Ram Nath, Meerut.
13. Sharma R.C. & Vatal M. (2009) Oceanography for Geographers, Chaitanya Publishing House,
Allahabad.

Page 72 of 108
 MJ-13 World Regional Geography (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course objectives:
1. To understand the concepts, bases, and characteristics of developed and developing countries, and
analyse the classification of countries into the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Worlds.
2. To explore the relationship between physical and the distribution of power and mineral resources on
development.
3. To Study the population, culture, and agricultural and industrial regions of key developed countries,
with specific reference to the USA and Japan.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to distinguish between developed and developing countries, understanding their
characteristics and levels of development (First, Second, Third, and Fourth Worlds).
2. Students will analyse the impact of physical factors such as physiography, climate, soil, and
vegetation on power distribution, mineral resources, and cultural realms.
Course Content Theory 45 Hrs

1.Introduction Concepts, Bases and Characteristics of Developed And 10

Developing Countries; Levels Of Development:
First, Second, Third and Fourth Worlds.

2. World Physiography, Climate, Soil, Vegetation, Power and Mineral 15

Physical Resource Resources
Base:
3. World Population, Culture and Cultural Realm of the World 10
Cultural Resource
Base:
4. Case Studies Agricultural and industrial regions of the USA and Japan 10

Note for
Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5 Marks =75
Marks

References
1. di Blij, H. and Muller, O. (1993): Geography: Regions and Concepts. John Wiley and Sons,
New York..
2. Jackson, R. H. and Husman, L. E. (1991): World Regional Geography: Issues for Today. John
Wiley and Sons, New York.
3. Jones, P. and Bryan, P. (1954): North America: An Historical, Economic and Regional
Geography, Methuen and Company. Ltd, London.
4. Kolb, A. (1971): East Asia, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Methuen, London.
5. Rai, Gayatri (2007): Vishwa Ka Pradeshik Bhugol, Mishra Trading Corporation, Varanasi
6. Sharma, P. R. (ed.) (1991): Perspectives on Third World Development. Rishi Publication,

Page 73 of 108
Varanasi.
MJ- 14 Settlement Geography (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives:
1. To understand the nature, scope, and recent trends in settlement geography, focusing on the
evolution of settlements in India.
2. To explore the characteristics of urban and rural settlements, including their types, patterns, and
factors influencing growth and distribution.
3. To Study settlement theories and models, such as the near neighbour analysis, gravitational
model, Christaller’s, and Losch’s theories, and their application to urban settlement hierarchy
and sustainable city development.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to describe the evolution of settlements in India, focusing on rural and
urban development trends.
2. Students will analyse factors affecting the growth and distribution of settlements and apply
settlement models and theories.
3. Students will evaluate urban settlement structures, including concepts like primate cities and
rank-size rules, and propose sustainable solutions to urban and rural challenges.

Course Content Theory 45 Hrs

1. Introduction Nature, Scope, Recent Trends in Settlement 10
Geography. Evolution of Settlements in India:
Emergence of Village Settlements and Growth
2. Characteristics: Characteristics of Urban and Rural Settlement, Types and 10
Patterns of Rural Settlement, Factors Affecting Growth and
Distribution of Settlement
3. Models: Theoretical Models: Near Neighbor analysis and 10
Gravitational Model, Theories: Christaller and Losch

4. Hierarchy & Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology; 15

Concepts Concept of primate city and rank-size rule; Problems
and remedies of Rural and Urban; Sustainable
development of cities.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

Page 74 of 108
Reference
1. Singh R.Y. (2003); Geography of Settlement, Rawat Publication
Jaipur, New Delhi.
2. Bansal S.C. (2003); Adhivas Bhoogol, Rustogi Publications, Meerut.
3. Maurya S.D. (2011) ; Adhivas Bhoogol, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
4. Tiwari R.C. (2006); Adhivas Bhoogol, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
5. Ghosh, S. (2011) ; Introduction to Settlement Geography, Orient Longman Ltd., Kolkata.
6. Madal R.B. (1988) ; System of rural settlement in developing
countries, Concept Publication, New Delhi.
7. Hudson F.S. (1970) ; Geography of Settlement, Maedonald and Evans
Ltd., Plymouth.
8. Hardoy, J.E. D.V. Satterthwaite, D. (1992); Environmental problems
in the world cities, Earthsean Pub. Ltd. London.

Page 75 of 108
 MJ-15 Biogeography (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives:
1. To define biogeography and explore its nature, scope, and components, along with the
relationship between climate and biogeographical regions.
2. To study the evolution of floral and faunal provinces, focusing on ecological successions and
stages of climax communities.
3. To understand biodiversity.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to define biogeography and understand its relationship with world climatic
patterns and biogeographical regions.
2. Students will analyse the evolution of major floral and faunal provinces and the processes of
ecological succession.

Course Content Theory 45 Hrs

1.Introduction Define Bio-geography: Nature, scope, and components. 10
2. Distribution World Climatic Patterns (Koppen) vis-à-vis 10
biogeographical regions

3. Regions Evolution of major groups of floral and faunal 10

provinces. Ecological successions: stages and climax.
4. Biodiversity Biodiversity; bio-diversity hotspots, biodiversity 15
conservation and Management, Ecological Niche.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Bhattacharyya, N.N.(2003): Biogeography, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi.
2. Clarke, G. L. (1967): Elements of ecology, New York: John Wiley Pub.
3. Haden-Guest, S., Wright, J. K. and Teclaff, E. M. (1956): World Geography of Forest Resources, New
York: Ronald Press Co.
4. Hoyt, J.B. (1992): Man, and the Earth, Prentice Hall, U.S.A.
5. Huggett, R.J. (1998): Fundamentals of Biogeography, Routeldge, U.S.A.
6. Lal, D. S. 2003. Climatology, Allahabad: ShardaPustakBhawan.
7. Lapedes, D.N. (1974): Encyclopaedia of Environmental Science (eds.), McGraw Hill.
8. Mal, Suraj., and Singh, R.B. (Eds.) (2009):Biogeography and Biodiversity,Rawat Publication, Jaipur

Page 76 of 108
9. Mathur, H.S. (1998): Essentials of Biogeography, Anuj Printers, Jaipur.
10. Mountain and Tree cover in Mountain Regions Report - 2002, UNEP-WCMC.
11. Parmesan, C., Yohe, G. (2003):A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural
systems. Nature, 421 (6918), 37–42
12. Singh, Savindra (2015): Paryawaran Bhoogol (Hindi), PrayagPushtakBhawan, Allahabad (Hindi).
13. Sivaperuman, Chandrakasan et al., (2018): Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical
Islands, Academic Press, London.

14. Trewartha, G. T., (1980): An Introduction to Climate, McGraw Hill Company, New York.

MJ-06 Instrumental Survey & Educational Tour Report (Practical)

Credit 4 Hours 120
Full Marks 100 Passing Marks 40

Course Objectives:
1. To understand the meaning, scope, and types of surveying, and its relevance in
geographical studies.
2. To learn the practical use of field tools such as plain table surveys, prismatic
compass, and theodolite in surveying.
3. To understand the concept of tours in geographical studies and practice tour report
writing.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to differentiate between various types of surveying and
understand their significance in geographical research.
2. Students will gain hands-on experience in using field tools like the plain table,
prismatic compass, and theodolite for practical surveying tasks.
3. Students will be able to write comprehensive tour reports based on geographical
fieldwork and assigned topics.

Course Content: 120Hrs

1. Introduction
Meaning, Scope and Types of Surveying, Relevance of 30
Surveying in Geographical studies

2. Instruments Surveying Use of Field Tools: Plain Table survey, 30

Prismatic Compass, Theodolite.

Page 77 of 108
 3.Concept of Tour Meaning of Tour, Relevance of Tour in Geographical 30
Studies, Tour Report Writing
4. Educational Tour 30
Place and Topic Decided by HOD/ Principal

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 30 Marks+10 Marks Viva-Voce+10 Marks Practical
Note Book=50 Marks, Educational Tour 50=40 Marks for Tour Report and 10 Marks Viva

Practical Record: A project file consisting of 5 exercises on using any method on the above-mentioned
theme

Page 78 of 108
 Semester VII

COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME

2022 onwards for GEOGRAPHY

Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points:

Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational & Internship

Semester Courses

Code Papers Credits

MN-
03
1D(Theory)
Industrial Development
MN-
Industrial Development 01
1D(Practical)

MJ-
03
16(Theory) Agriculture and Food Security

MJ-
Social and Cultural Geography 03
17(Theory)

VII 03
MJ- Emerging Trends in Geography
18(Theory)

MJ- Migration and Urbanization

03
19(Theory)
MJ- Disaster Management Project Work
(Practical) 04
07(Practical)

Page 79 of 108
 MN-1D Industrial Development (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives
1. To understand the nature and scope of industrial geography.
2. To study the location and types of industries with reference to Weber’s theory.
3. To analyse the impact of industrialization and industrial policies in India.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will be able to identify and classify industries based on geographical
characteristics.
2. Students will understand location factors influencing small, medium, and heavy
industries.
3. Students will critically evaluate the economic, social, and environmental effects of
industrialization in India.

Course Content Theory 45 Hrs.

Note for
1.Introduction Nature and Scope of Industrial Geography. 10

2.Theory Types, Geographical Characteristics and Location of 10

Industries (Weber’s Theory): Small and Medium

3.Types of Industry Industries, Heavy Industries: Coal and Iron based 15

industries; Rural based Industries, Footloose Industry.

4. Industrial Impact of Industrialisation in India: Environmental; 10

Social and Economic,
Industrial Policy of India
Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5 Marks =75
Marks

References:
1. Gunnar, Alexandersson., (1967): "Geography of Manufacturing, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
2. Leong, G.C., (1997): "Human and economic geography", Oxford University Press, New York.
3. Miller, E., (1962):Geography of Manufacturing, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, New Jersey
4. Pathak, C. R.,(2003): Spatial Structure and Processes of Development in India. Regional Science Assoc.,
Kolkata.
5. Sharma, T.C., (2013): Economic Geography of India, Rawat Publication, Jaipur
6. Singh, Jagdish (2003): India - A Comprehensive & Systematic Geography, Gyanodaya Prakashan,
Gorakhpur.

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7. Thoman, R.S., Conkling E.C., and Yeates. M.H., (1968): Geography of Economic Activity, McGraw Hill
Book Company, 1968.
8. Tirtha, Ranjit (2002): Geography of India, Rawat Publs., Jaipur & New Delhi.
9. Tiwari, R.C., (2007): Geography of India, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad
10. Truman, A. Harishorn, John W. Alexander., (2000):"Economic Geography", Prentice Hall of India Ltd.,
New Delhi.

MN-1D Industrial Development (Practical)

Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Marks 25 Passing Marks 10

Course Objectives:
1. To identify and locate major industrial regions in India.
2. To analyse spatial distribution and specialization of industries.
3. To understand the regional development patterns of selected industrial zones.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to map and describe key industrial regions of India.
2. Students will gain insights into factors influencing industrial growth in these regions.
3. Students will develop the ability to interpret industrial data and patterns through practical
exercises.

Course Content: Practical 30Hrs

1. Mega Industrial National Capital Region, Mumbai-Pune Industrial 15

Complexes -I Region

2. Mega Industrial Bengaluru-Chennai Industrial Region and Chota 15

Complexes -II Nagpur Industrial Region

.
Note: -Prepare a project report on any one (based on own choices)

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

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 MJ- 16 Agriculture and Food Security (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives
1. To understand the concept and classification of land use and land cover.
2. To examine agricultural regions and systems in India and the world.
3. To explore the relationship between food resources and population with a focus on
food security.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will be able to classify and analyse land use patterns.
2. Students will explain agricultural models and regional classifications.
3. Students will understand the challenges of food security in India and globally.

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Defining the field: Introduction, nature and scope; Land use/ land cover definition
and classification. 15

2. Determinants of Physical, Technological and Institutional, Agricultural Regions 10

Agriculture: of India: Agro-climatic, Agro-ecological & Crop Combination
Regions.
3. Theory Agricultural Systems of the World (Whittlesey’s classification) 10
and Agricultural Land use model (Von Thunen, modification
and relevance).
4. Food Security: World Food Resources and Population; Population and Food 10
Problem in India; Food security: Concepts and Regional
Pattern.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Basu, D.N., and Guha, G.S., (1996): Agro-Climatic Regional Planning in India, Vol.I& II, Concept
Publication, New Delhi.
2. Bryant, C.R., Johnston, T.R, (1992): Agriculture in the City Countryside, Belhaven Press, London.
3. Burger, A., (1994): Agriculture of the World, Aldershot, Avebury.
4. Grigg, D.B., (1984): Introduction to Agricultural Geography, Hutchinson, London.
5. Hussain, M. (1996):Systematic Agricultural Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
6. Ilbery, B. W., (1985): Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis, Oxford University Press.
7. Mohammad, N., (1992): New Dimension in Agriculture Geography, Vol. I to VIII, Concept Pub., New
Delhi.

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8. Roling, N.G., and Wageruters, M.A.E.,(ed.) (1998): Facilitating Sustainable Agriculture, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
9. Shafi, M., (2006): Agricultural Geography, Doring Kindersley India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
10. Singh, J., and Dhillon, S.S., (1984): Agricultural Geography, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
11. Tarrant, J. R., (1973): Agricultural Geography, David and Charles, Devon.

MJ-17 Social Geography (Theory)

Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives:
1. To introduce the concept, scope, and theories of social geography.
2. To analyse social categories and spatial inequalities in society.
3. To understand issues of social justice, welfare, and exclusion.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to define and explain key concepts of social geography.
2. Students will understand the spatial dimensions of caste, class, religion, and
gender.
3. Students will gain insight into social issues like slums, conflict, and welfare
disparities.

Course content Theory 45 Hrs

Note for
1.Introduction Social Geography: Nature and Scope, Concept, Origin 10
2. Peopling Technology and Occupational Change; Migration, Social Categories:
Process of India: Caste, Class, Religion, Race and Gender and their Spatial distribution 10
3. Welfare Theories of Social Formation and Transformation: Functional
Theory (T. Parsons) and Critical Theory (T. Adorno), Theories of 15
Social Justice.
Geographies of Welfare and Well being: Concept and Components of
Healthcare, Housing and Education.
4. Industrial Social Geographies of Inclusion and Exclusion, Slums, Gated
Communities, Communal Conflicts and 10
Crime.
Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5 Marks =75
Marks

References:
1. Ahmed A., 1999: Social Geography, Rawat Publications.
2. Casino V. J. D., Jr., 2009) Social Geography: A Critical Introduction, Wiley Blackwell.
3. Cater J. and Jones T., 2000: Social Geography: An Introduction to Contemporary Issues, Hodder
4. Arnold.

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5. Holt L., 2011: Geographies of Children, Youth and Families: An International Perspective, Taylor & Francis.
6. Panelli R., 2004: Social Geographies: From Difference to Action, Sage. Reading List
7. Ahmed A., 1999: Social Geography, Rawat Publications.
8. Casino V. J. D., Jr., 2009) Social Geography: A Critical Introduction, Wiley Blackwell.
9. Cater J. and Jones T., 2000: Social Geography: An Introduction to Contemporary Issues, Hodder Arnold.
10. Panelli R., 2004: Social Geographies: From Difference to Action, Sage.
11. Rachel P., Burke M., Fuller D., Gough J., Macfarlane R. and Mowl G., 2001: Introducing Social
Geographies, Oxford University Press.
12. Smith D. M., 1977: Human geography: A Welfare Approach, Edward Arnold, London.
13. Smith D. M., 1994: Geography and Social Justice, Blackwell, Oxford.
14. Smith S. J., Pain R., Marston S. A., Jones J. P., 2009: The SAGE Handbook of Social Geographies, Sage
Publications.
15. Sopher, David (1980): An Exploration of India, Cornell University Press, Ithasa
16. Valentine G., 2001: Social Geographies: Space and Society, Prentice Hall.
17. Rachel P., Burke M., Fuller D., Gough J., Macfarlane R. and Mowl G., 2001: Introducing Social Geographies,
Oxford University Press.

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 MJ-18 Emerging Trends in Geography (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives
1. To introduce recent advancements in physical and human geography.
2. To understand the spatial linkages of health, diseases, and environment.
3. To explore contemporary issues like migration, gender, and malnutrition.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will understand current progress in geomorphology, climatology, and
population studies.
2. Learners will analyse health patterns and environmental linkages.
3. Students will identify recent development concerns like migration and gender
disparities.

Course content Theory 45 Hrs

1. Progress in Progress in Geomorphology, recent advances in meteorology and 10
physical Climatology.
Geography
2.Progress in
Human Recent advances in Population Geography, Rural Settlements and 10
Geography development, Progress in transport Geography.
3. Wellbeing
Health Pathology and wellbeing: Definition, Linkages with 15
environment, Diseases and their regional pattern, Health hazards
and Biotic treatments.
4. Other
challenges Gender development, Malnourishment, Recent issues of 10
migration and Development

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks
References:
1. Deo Sunil (2011) : Bhoo-Akriti Vigyan, Vishva Bharti Publications, New Delhi.
2. Maurya S.D. (2010) : Manav Bhoogol, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
3. Maurya S.D. (2013) : Jansankhya Bhoogol, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
4. Dixit Ramesh Dutt (2007) : Bhowgolik Chintan Ka Vikas, Prentis Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Smch Michael, Elisabeth D.R. and Margaret Carrel (2017) : The Guilford Press, New Yark London.
6. Ojha N.N. & Singh Sanjay Kumar : Vaikalpik Bhoogal, Cronikal Publications (Pra) Ltd

Page 85 of 108
 MJ-19 Migration and Urbanization (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives
1. To introduce the basic concepts, types, and patterns of migration in India and
Jharkhand.
2. To study the theories of migration and explore their relevance in contemporary
contexts.
3. To understand the relationship between migration and urbanization, especially in
developing countries.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will gain knowledge of migration types, causes, and consequences with
regional focus.
2. Learners will critically apply migration models and theories to real-world
scenarios.
3. Students will analyse the link between migration and urban development in a
global and Indian context.

Course content Theory 45 Hrs Note for

1. Introduction Basic Concepts of Migration; Sources of Data; Types of 10
Migration; Migration Differentials Patterns of Migration in India
and Jharkhand; Concepts of Seasonal Migration Determinants and
Consequences of Internal Migration in India and Jharkhand
2 Theories Theories/Models of Migration: Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration,
Everett Lee’s, Todaro’s Model; Walport Migration Theory, 10
Problems of Left Behinds; Issues of Social Networking and Health
of Migrant; Push and Pull Factors in Migration, Neo-Classification
3. Urbanization Definition of concepts and terms: Urban place, Locality, Urban
agglomeration, urban population, urban growth, Urbanization, 15
Urbanism, Sources of data, component of urban population growth

4. Urbanization Pattern of Urbanization in Developed and Developing Countries,

and Migration and Urban Development. 10
Development
Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5 Marks =75
Marks
References:
1. Bhende, A. and T. Kanitkar (2010), Principles of Population Studies, Himalaya Publishing House,
Mumbai.

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 2. Bose, Ashish and Jatinder Bhatia (1978), India’s Urbanization: 1901-2001, Tata McGraw-Hill, New
Delhi.
3. Bouge, Donald Joseph (1969), Principles of Demography, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
4. Chandana, R. C. (2002), Geography of Population: Concepts, Determinants and Patterns, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Chopra, Kanchan (2001), Migration, Common Property, Resources and Environmental Degradation,
Sage Publications, New Delhi. Bhende, A. and T. Kanitkar (2010), Principles of Population Studies,
Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
6. Bose, Ashish and Jatinder Bhatia (1978), India’s Urbanization: 1901-2001, Tata McGraw-Hill, New
Delhi.
7. Bouge, Donald Joseph (1969), Principles of Demography, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
8. Chandana, R. C. (2002), Geography of Population: Concepts, Determinants and Patterns, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
9. Chopra, Kanchan (2001), Migration, Common Property, Resources and Environmental Degradation,
Sage Publications, New Delhi.

MJ-07 Disaster Management Project Work (Practical)

Credit 4 Hours 120
Full Marks 100 Passing Marks 40

Course Content:
The Project Report is based on any two fields-based case studies among the following disasters and one
disaster preparedness plan of the respective college/locality and district:

Course Objectives
1. To introduce students to various natural and human-induced disasters and their
geographic impact.
2. To develop skills in data collection, field observation, and hazard analysis through
practical engagement.
3. To encourage field-based learning through report writing on disaster-prone or
affected areas.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will be able to identify and classify major natural and anthropogenic
hazards.
2. Learners will develop basic field skills and report writing abilities related to
disaster studies.
3. Students will understand the spatial patterns and mitigation strategies of selected
hazards.

Page 87 of 108
 Course content Practical 120 Hrs
1. Introduction Drought 20
Cyclone, Lightning, Forest Fire

2. Geological Landslides, Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Disaster 20
3. Human Induced Disasters: Fire Hazards, Chemical, Industrial
Anthropogenic accidents 20
Disaster
4. Study Tour A study tour report on a relevant topic (any area allotted by 60
the HOD/Principal)

Note for Assessment: Instrumental Survey - Final Examination 30 Marks+10 Marks Viva-
Voce+10 Marks Practical Note Book=50 Marks

Note for Assessment: Tour Report – Tour Report 40+10 Marks Viva-Voce =50 Marks

Practical Record:
1. Each student will prepare an individual Practical Note Book and Tour Report based on primary and
secondary data collected during fieldwork.
2. The duration of the fieldwork should not exceed 10 days.
3. The word count of the report should be about 8000 to 12,000 excluding figures, tables, photographs,
maps, references and appendices.
4. One copy of the report on A 4-size paper should be submitted in soft binding .

References:
1. Carter, N., (1991): Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager's Handbook. Asian Development Bank,
Manila.
2. Government of India (2011): Disaster Management in India. Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi.
3. Government of India (2008): Vulnerability Atlas of India. New Delhi, Building Materials & Technology
Promotion Council, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India
4. Kapur, A., (2010): Vulnerable India: A Geographical Study of Disasters, Sage Publication, New Delhi.
5. Modh, S., (2010): Managing Natural Disaster: Hydrological, Marine and Geological Disasters,
Macmillan, Delhi.
6. Ramkumar, M., (2009): Geological Hazards: Causes, Consequences and Methods of Containment, New
India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
7. Savindra, Singh and Jeetendra, S., (2013): Disaster Management, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad

Page 88 of 108
8. Singh Jagbir., (2007): “Disaster Management Future Challenges and Opportunities”, 2007. Publisher-
I.K. International Pvt. Ltd New Delhi, India.
9. Singh, R. B., (ed.), (2006): Natural Hazards and Disaster Management: Vulnerability and Mitigation,
Rawat Publications, New Delhi.
10. Singh, R.B., (2005): Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Analysis, IGNOU, New Delhi. Chapters 1, 2 and
3
11. Sinha, A., (2001): Disaster Management: Lessons Drawn and Strategies for Future, New United Press,
New Delhi.
12. Stoltman, J.P., et al. (2004): International Perspectives on Natural Disasters, Kluwer Academic
Publications. Dordrecht

Page 89 of 108
 VIII

COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME 2022 onwards for GEOGRAPHY

Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points:

Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational & Internship

Semester Courses

Code Papers Credits

MN-2D(Theory) 03
Sustainable Resource Development

MN-2D(Practical) 01
Sustainable Resource Development

MJ-20(Theory) Disaster Management 03

MJ-8(Practical) 01
Field Techniques

Research Course (RC) I: Research 04

Research Courses Methodology
VIII Research Course (RC) II: Synopsis /Field
08
work/ Dissertation

Or
AMJ-1(Theory) Demography and Population Studies
03
Geography of Social Wellbeing
AMJ-2 (Theory) 03
Geography of Health
AMJ-3 (Theory) 03

AMJ-1 (Practical) Advanced Statistics

03

Page 90 of 108
 MN-2D Sustainable Resource Development (Theory)

Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives
1. To enable students to analyse real-world disaster events through case studies.
2. To guide students in preparing localized disaster preparedness plans.
3. To promote hands-on learning and field investigation skills related to disaster
management.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will be able to document and assess disaster impacts based on field-based
case studies.
2. Learners will gain the ability to prepare basic disaster preparedness strategies for
their area.
3. Students will enhance their skills in research, data interpretation, and report writing
related to disasters.

Course Content: 45 Hrs.

1. Introduction Sustainable Resource Development: Definition,
Components and Limitations 10

2. The Millennium National Strategies and International Experiences 10

Development Goals:
3. Sustainable Regional Need and examples form different Ecosystems 10
Development:
4. Sustainable The proposal for SDGs at RIO+20; SDGs; Goal-Based 15
Development Policies Development; Principles of Good Governance;
and Programmes: National Environmental Policy, CDM.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Agyeman, Julian, Robert D. Bullard and Bob, Evans., (Eds.) (2003): Just Sustainabilities: Development in
an Unequal World. London: Earthscan. (Introduction and conclusion.).
2. Ayers, Jessica and David, Dodman., (2010): “Climate change adaptation and development I: the state of
the debate”. Progress in Development Studies 10(2): 161-168.

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3. Baker, Susan., (2006): Sustainable Development. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, N.Y.:
Routledge.
4. Brosius, Peter., (1997): “Endangered Forest, endangered people: Environmentalist representations of
indigenous knowledge”, Human Ecology 25: 47-69.
5. Lohman, Larry., (2003):Re-imagining the population debate, Corner House Briefing.

6. Martínez-Alier, Joan., (2010): “Sustainable de-growth: Mapping the context, criticisms and future
prospects of an emergent paradigm” Ecological Economics 69: 1741-1747.
7. Merchant, Carolyn., (Ed.) (1994):Ecology. Atlantic Highlands, N.J: Humanities Press. (Introduction, pp 1-
25.)
8. Osorio, Leonardo., et al., (2005): “Debates on sustainable development: towards a holistic view of
reality”, Environment, Development and Sustainability 7: 501-518.
9. Robbins, Paul., (2004):Political Ecology: A Critical Introduction. Blackwell Publishing.
10. Singh, R.B., (Ed.) (2001): Urban Sustainability in the Context of Global Change, Science Pub., Inc.,
Enfield (NH), USA and Oxford & IBH Pub., New Delhi.

Page 92 of 108
 MN-2D Sustainable Resource Development Practical
Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Marks 25 Passing Marks 10

Course Objectives
1. To introduce the concepts of inclusive development, poverty, and inequality.
2. To examine the role of education and health in development.
3. To explore higher education’s contribution to sustainable development and
universal health coverage.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will understand the interconnections between poverty, inequality, and
development.
2. Students will be able to evaluate the role of education and health in achieving
inclusive development.
3. Learners will gain insight into challenges and strategies for sustainable resource
use and healthcare access.

Course Content: Practical 30 Hrs

1. Inclusive 15
Development Inclusive Development: Poverty and Inequality;
Education, Health.
2. Social Development The role of higher education in sustainable resource
development; The Challenges of Universal Health
Coverage. 15

Note: -Prepare a project report on any one (based on own choices)

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Mark

Reference:
1. Barry Dalal Clayton and Stephen Bass, Sustainable Development Strategies- a resource book”, Earthscan
Publications Ltd, London, 2002.
2. Karel Mulder, Sustainable Development for Engineers - A Handbook and Resource Guide, Green Leaf
Publishing, 2006.
3. MoEF “ Sustainable Development in India –stocktaking in the Run up to Rio plus 20”,Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi. 2012,

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4. UNEP, , Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication,
www.unep.org/greeneconomy, ISBN: 978-92-807-3143-9, 2011
5. World Bank “Inclusive Green Growth – The pathway to Sustainable development, World Bank-
Washington DC, 2012
6. Environmental and Health Impact Assessment of Development Projects: A edited by Robert G. H.
Turnbull, Elsevier Sciences Publication
7. Environmental Chemistry, B.K.Sharma, Krishna Prakashan Media.
8. Environmental Science by S C Santra, Publisher: : New Central Book Agency Calcutta , 2001
9. Perspectives in Environmental Health -Vector and Water Borne Diseases Mukhopadhyay Aniruddha, De
AK
10. Sociology Anthropology, and Development, Michael M. Cernea, The World Bank Washington, D.C,
1994
11. Development and the Environment, Lewis T. Preston, The World Bank Washington, D.C, 1992.

Page 94 of 108
 Research Courses for B.A. Sem-VIII

The Research Courses will be of 300 marks divided into two papers
Marks
Internal Final Total
1. Introduction
Research Course (RC)- I 2. Research Problems 25 75 100
(Research Methodology 3. Data & Tools of
Research
4. Research Writing
5. Research Ethics

Research Course (RC)-  Synopsis 150+50=200

II (Synopsis and Thesis  Thesis
Writing)  Viva-voce

Research Course (RC)- I (Research Methodology

Credit 4 Hours 60
Full Marks 100 Passing Marks 40
Course Objectives:
1. Understand basic concepts, types, and approaches of research.
2. Learn research design, data collection, and sampling methods.
3. Apply ethical standards and proper referencing in research work.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Define and differentiate research types, methods, and designs.
2. Identify and formulate research problems and hypotheses.
3. Apply appropriate sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques.
4. Follow ethical practices and use correct referencing in research.

Course Content: 60
Hrs.
1. Introduction Definition; Meaning; Approaches to Research; Types of Research;
Objectives of Research; Research Design, Review of Literature; 10
Significance of Research; Research Methods and Methodology.

Page 95 of 108
 Research Problems Characteristics and Sources of Research Problems; Problem 10
identification, formulation; Hypothesis: Types and statement of
hypothesis, Testing of hypothesis, Generalization; Literature
Reviews; Direct and Indirect Sources.
Data and Tools of Sampling: Meaning and importance, Types of sampling; Selection of 15
Research sample size, Types and Sources of Data; Tools of Research
(Observation, Interview, Questionnaire, Schedule).
Research Writing Introduction- Aims and Objectives, Hypothesis; Data and 15
Methodology; Chapterisation; Data Analysis, Result, Conclusion;
Referencing system, Webliography and Bibliography.

Research Ethics Code of Ethics; Plagiarism; Duplicacy; Confidentiality, Anonymity, 10

Intellectual Property Rights (IRP); Concept of Impact Factor,
Citation.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 75 Marks+ Internal Examination 25 Marks =100 Marks

References:
1. Garg.B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal,F. and Agarwal, U.K., An introduction to Research Methodology,
RBSA Publishers, 2002.
2. Gupta S.P., Statistical Method (37th Edition), Sultan Chand and Sons. New Delhi. 2008.
3. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. Second Edition. New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi, 2008.
4. Leon & Leon, Internet for everyone, Vikas Publishing House, 2022.
5. Sinha, S.C. and Dhiman, A.K., Research Methodology, Ess Ess Publications. 2nd volumes, 2002.
6. Sharma, K. R.,2017. Research Methodology, National Publishing House, Jaipur.
7. वंशल, एस.सी., शोध िविध तं : भूगोल, मीना ी काशन, मेरठ, 2017
8. सी.आर. कोठारी, शोध प ित, ू एज इं टरनेशनल प केशन, 2023
9. वी. एल. फिडया, शोध प ितयां, सािह भवन प केशन, 2018
10. वीरे काश शमा, रसच मेथेडोलॉजी, पंचशील काशन, जयपुर, 2021

Page 96 of 108
 Research Course (RC)- II (Synopsis and Thesis Writing)
Credit 8 Hours 120
Full Marks 200 Passing Marks 80

Course Description:
1. The students will select a topic of their interest in consultation with their supervisors to be
assigned by their department.
2. The research supervisors would explain the fundamentals and mechanics of drafting a research
proposal/synopsis.
3. The students will prepare a Research Proposal on the topic of their own interest.
Learning Objectives:
 Critically evaluate existing research for methodological soundness and relevance.
 Understanding various research designs and appropriate applications.
 Evaluating the validity and reliability of research findings.
 Differentiating between qualitative and quantitative research methods.
Understanding of the ethical considerations in research, including informed consent and plagiarism.
Learning outcomes:
At the end of Research Course II students will be to:
 Understand about the research methodology and explain the technique of defining a research
problem.
 Demonstrate the functions of the literature review in research.
 Literature review, developing theoretical conceptual frameworks and review writing.
 Understand research designs and their characteristics.
 Details of sampling designs, different methods of data collections
 Research writing, interpretation and understanding the sensitivity to Plagiarism.

Evaluation and Examination:

The research proposal/ Synopsis and thesis/ Dissertation prepared by the students will be evaluated by
an external examiner who will also conduct a viva-voce examination to assess and verify students
understanding of their dissertation.
Research Proposal/Synopsis and 150 Marks (6 credits)
Thesis/Dissertation writing
Viva-voce 50 Marks (2 credits)
Total 200 marks (8 credits)

Page 97 of 108
Tentative Format for Research Proposal/Synopsis and Thesis/Dissertation writing
1. Title Page  Title of the thesis, Full name of the candidate, Degree (e.g.,
Doctor of Philosophy), Name of the Department and University.
Month and year of submission.
 Registration number (if required)
2. Declaration & Certificate  Declaration by the candidate confirming originality of the work.
 Certificate by the supervisor(s) authenticating the work.
3. Acknowledgements  Express gratitude to supervisors, funding agencies, colleagues,
friends, and family.
4. Abstract  Summary of the entire thesis (250–500 words).
 Include research problem, methods, key findings, and
significance.
5. Table of Contents  List of chapters and sub-sections with page numbers.
 Also include lists of:
o Tables
o Figures
o Abbreviations (if any)
Chapter-Wise Structure  Background and context
Chapter 1: Introduction  Statement of the research problem
 Research questions or hypotheses
 Objectives of the study
 Scope and limitations
 Significance of the research
 Structure of the thesis
Chapter 2: Review of Literature  Overview of key existing studies
 Theoretical frameworks
 Identification of research gaps
 Justification for your research
Chapter 3: Research  Research design (qualitative, quantitative, mixed); Data sources
Methodology (primary and/or secondary); Sampling techniques; Data collection
methods (e.g., surveys, interviews, case study); Tools and
techniques of data analysis; Limitations of the methodology
Chapter 4–6: Data Analysis &  Presentation of findings (with tables, charts, maps, diagrams)
Discussion ((Number of chapters  Interpretation and discussion in light of existing literature
may vary depending on your  Comparative analysis (if applicable).
study)

Chapter 7: Summary,  Recap of research objectives and methodology; Summary of key

Conclusions & findings; Conclusions drawn; Policy recommendations or
Recommendations implications; Suggestions for future research.
7. References/Bibliography  Follow a consistent citation style: APA, or as prescribed by the
department.
 Include all works cited in the thesis.
8. Appendices  Include questionnaires, interview transcripts, raw data, maps, or
any supplementary information

Page 98 of 108
 MJ-20 Disaster Management (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30
Course Objectives
1. To introduce the types, causes, and scope of natural and manmade disasters.
2. To explain key disaster events such as heat waves, floods, cyclones, pandemics, etc.
3. To explore mitigation strategies, technologies, and disaster management policies in India.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will be able to identify and classify different disasters and their impacts.
2. Students will understand response and mitigation strategies for major disasters.
3. Learners will gain knowledge about India’s disaster policy and public awareness measures.

Course Content: 45 Hrs.

1. Introduction
Meaning, Definition and Scope, 10
Natural and Manmade disaster.
2. Atmospheric 10
Disaster Concept of Heat Wave, wildfire, Cloudburst, Hailstorm,
Drought and Famines

3. Hydrosphere Tsunami, Hurricane and Cyclones, Floods and Flash Floods 10

Disaster
4. Biological Epidemics and Pandemics, COVID-19 and Its effects 15
Disaster Techniques and Technology to mitigate natural disasters,
Public Awareness and national Disaster Policy of India.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:

1. Dr. Mrinalini Pandey Disaster Management Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Tushar Bhattacharya Disaster Science and Management McGraw Hill Education (India)
Pvt. Ltd.
3. Jagbir Singh Disaster Management: Future Challenges and Opportunities K W
Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
4. J. P. Singhal Disaster Management Laxmi Publications.
5. Shailesh Shukla, Shamna Hussain Biodiversity, Environment and Disaster Management
Unique Publications
6. C. K. Rajan, Navale Pandharinath Earth and Atmospheric Disaster Management: Nature
and Manmade B S Publication

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 MJ-8: Field Techniques (Practical)
Credit 1 Teaching Hours 30
Full Marks 25 Passing Marks 10

Course Objectives
1. To examine the relationship between agriculture, water, flora, and fauna.
2. To understand the impact of industrial towns on human health and environmental factors.
3. To analyse interactions between agriculture, human settlements, and ecosystems.

Learning Outcomes
1. Students will be able to identify the role of water and land use in agriculture and its impact on
local ecosystems.
2. Learners will gain an understanding of health challenges faced by industrial towns and how
urbanization affects human well-being.
3. Students will develop practical knowledge on ecosystem health, agricultural practices, and
human-environmental interaction.
4. Prepare a report based on field data.

Course Content: Practical 30 Hrs

1. Impact of Climate 15
Change on Nature Agriculture and Water; Flora and Fauna.

2. Impact of Climate
Change Human Human Health and Industrial Town. 15

.
Note: -Prepare a project report on any one (based on own choices)

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 15 Marks+5 Marks Viva-Voce+5 Marks Practical Note
Book=25 Marks

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 AMJ-1 Demography and Population Studies (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30
Course Objectives:
1. To explore the nature and scope of population studies with special reference to India using data
from sources such as Census, Vital Statistics, and NSS.
2. To analyse population growth theories (Malthusian and Demographic Transition) and study
fertility, mortality, and migration patterns.
3. To understand age-sex composition, rural-urban distribution, and issues like population aging,
sex ratio decline, and the impact of HIV/AIDS.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to analyse population data from Indian sources and interpret trends in
growth and migration patterns.
2. Learners will gain an understanding of theories of population growth and their implications for
fertility, mortality, and migration in India.
3. Students will develop insights into demographic challenges, including ageing populations,
declining sex ratios, and public health issues like HIV/AIDS.

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Introduction
Nature and Scope; Sources of Data with special reference to 10
India (Census, Vital Statistics and NSS). Factors affecting
Population Growth and Distribution

2. Population 15
Size, Distribution Determinants and Patterns; Theories of Growth – Malthusian
and Growth Theory and Demographic Transition Theory, Population
Dynamics; Fertility, Mortality and Migration – Measures,
Determinants and Implications.
3. Population Age-Sex Composition; Rural and Urban Composition; Sex 10
Composition and Ratio, Literacy and Education, Occupational Structure, Gender
Characteristics issues, Population composition of India.
4. Contemporary 10
Issues Population Problems, Ageing of Population; Declining Sex
Ratio; HIV/AIDS, Population Policies and Planning with
reference to India.

Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

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References:
1. Barrett, H. R., (1995): Population Geography, Oliver and Boyd.
2. Bhende, A. and Kanitkar, T., (2000): Principles of Population Studies, Himalaya Publishing House.
3. Chandna, R. C. and Sidhu, M. S., (1980): An Introduction to Population Geography, Kalyani Publishers.
4. Chandna, R C (2006): JansankhyaBhugol, Kalyani Publishers, Delhi
5. Chandna,R.C., Geography of Population, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
6. Clarke, J. I., (1965): Population Geography, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
7. Debjani, Roy., Population Geography,Books and Allied Private Limited, Kolkata.
8. Jones, H. R., (2000): Population Geography, 3rd ed. Paul Chapman, London.
9. Lutz, W., Warren, C. S. and Scherbov, S., (2004): The End of the World Population Growth in the 21st
Century, Earthscan
10. Maurya, S D (2009): JansankyaBhugol, Sharda Putak Bhawan, Allahabad
11. Newbold, K. B., (2009): Population Geography: Tools and Issues, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
12. Pacione, M., (1986): Population Geography: Progress and Prospect, Taylor and Francis.
13. Panda, B. P., (1988): JanasankyaBhugol, M P Hindi Granth Academy, Bhopal
14. Wilson, M. G. A., (1968): Population Geography, Nelson

Page 102 of 108

 AMJ-2 Geography of Social Wellbeing (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives:
1. To understand the origin, nature, and scope of social geography with a focus on caste, class,
religion, race, and gender and their spatial distribution in India.
2. To explore the concepts and components of healthcare, housing, and education, and their role in
shaping social geography.
3. To analyse the issues of slums, gated communities, communal conflicts, and crime, and the
influence of social security and welfare policies in addressing these challenges.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to explain the spatial distribution of social categories (caste, class, religion,
race, and gender) in India.
2. Learners will comprehend the relationship between healthcare, housing, education, and their
impact on social geography.
3. Students will develop insights into social issues like slums, communal conflicts, and the role of
social welfare programs in social development.

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Geography of Introduction, Origin, Nature and Scope, Concepts, Quality
Social Wellbeing: of Life, Gender and Social Well-being. 10
2. Social Diversity: Caste, Class, Religion, Race and Gender and their Spatial 10
distribution special reference to India

3. Social Wellbeing Concept and Components – Healthcare, Housing, and civic 10

and Inclusive amenities; Education and Gender Disparity
Development:
4. Social 15
Geographies of Slums, Gated Communities, Communal Conflicts and
Inclusion and Crime, Social Security, Social welfare program and
Exclusion: policies.
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

References:
1. Ahmed, A., (1999): Social Geography, Rawat Publications.
2. Casino, V. J. D., Jr., (2009): Social Geography: A Critical Introduction, Wiley Blackwell.
3. Cater, J. and Jones, T., (2000): Social Geography: An Introduction to Contemporary Issues, Hodder
Arnold.
4. Holt, L., (2011): Geographies of Children, Youth and Families: An International Perspective, Taylor &
Francis.

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5. Panelli, R., (2004): Social Geographies: From Difference to Action, Sage.
6. Rachel, P., Burke, M., Fuller, D., Gough, J., Macfarlane, R. and Mowl, G., (2001): Introducing
SocialGeographies, Oxford University Press.
7. Ramotra, K.C., (2008): Development Processes and the scheduled Castes, Rawat Publication.
8. Smith, D. M., (1977): Human geography: A Welfare Approach, Edward Arnold, London.

9. Smith, D. M., (1994): Geography and Social Justice, Blackwell, Oxford.

10. Smith, S. J., Pain, R., Marston, S. A., Jones, J. P., (2009): The SAGE Handbook of Social Geographies,
Sage Publications.
11. Sopher, David., (1980): An Exploration of India, Cornell University Press, Ithasa.
12. Valentine, G., (2001): Social Geographies: Space and Society, Prentice Hall.

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 AMJ 3- Geography of Health (Theory)
Credit 3 Hours 45
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives:
1. To understand the linkages between environment, development, and health, and the driving
forces behind health and environmental trends, such as population dynamics, urbanization,
poverty, and inequality.
2. To examine the impact of human activities on the environment, including land use, agriculture,
industrialization, transport, and energy.
3. To study health risks associated with environmental factors, such as pollution, household waste,
workplace hazards, and their regional patterns in India.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Students will be able to analyse the driving forces of health and environmental trends, focusing
on population dynamics, urbanization, and inequality.
2. Learners will understand the impact of human activities on environmental pressures, including
land use, agriculture, and industrialization.
3. Students will gain knowledge about environmental health risks, including pollution, disease
patterns, and their regional distribution in India.

Course Content: 45Hrs

1. Perspectives on Health: Definition, concept, Linkages with environment,
development and health; driving forces in health and 15
environmental trends - population dynamics,
urbanization, poverty and inequality.

2. Pressure on Human activities and environmental pressure land 10

Environmental Quality and use and agricultural development; industrialisation;
Health: transport and energy.

3. Exposure and Health 10

Risks: Exposure and Health Risks: Air and water pollution;
household wastes; housing; workplace.
Health and Disease Pattern in Environmental Context
with special reference to India, Types of Diseases and
their regional pattern (Communicable and Lifestyle
related diseases).

4. Climate Change and Changes in climate system – heat and cold; Biological 10
Human Health: disease agents; food production and nutrition.
Healthcare planning and processes (availability,
accessibility and utilization), Healthcare policy in
India
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 60 Marks+ Internal Examination 10+ Attendance 5
Marks =75 Marks

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References:
1. Rais, Akhtar., (Ed.), (1990): Environment and Health Themes in Medical Geography, Ashish Publishing
House, New Delhi.
2. Avon, Joan, L. and Jonathan, A, Patzed (2001): Ecosystem Changes and Public Health,Baltimin, John
Hopling Unit Press(ed).
3. Bradley,D.,(1977): Water, Wastes and Health in Hot Climates, John Wiley Chichesten.
4. Christaler, George and Hristopoles, Dionissios., (1998): Spatio-Temporal Environment Health Modelling,
Boston Kluwer Academic Press.
5. Cliff, A.D. and Peter, H., (1988): Atlas of Disease Distributions, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
6. Gatrell, A. andLoytonen, (1998): GIS and Health, Taylor and Francis Ltd, London.
7. Harpham T. and Tanner, M.,(eds)(1995): Urban Health in Developing Countries; Progress and Prospects,
Routledge, London.
8. Hazra, J., (1997): Health Care Planning in Developing Countries. University of Calcutta, Calcutta.
9. Moeller, Dade, wed., (1993): Environmental Health, Cambridge, Harward Univ. Press.
10. Murray, C. and A. Lopez, (1996): The Global Burden of Disease, Harvard University Press.
11. Narayan, K.V., (1997): Health and Development Inter-Sectoral Linkages in India. Rawat Publications,
Jaipur.
12. Phillips, D.andVerhasselt, Y., (1994): Health and Development, Routledge, London.
13. Tromp, S., (1980): Biometeorology: The Impact of Weather and Climate on Humans and their
Environment, Heydon and Son.

Page 106 of 108

 AMJ-1 (Practical) Advanced Statistics in Geography (Practical)
Credit 3 Hours 90
Full Marks 75 Passing Marks 30

Course Objectives:
1. To introduce data management techniques, including frequencies, cross-tabulation, and graphical
representations like dot maps, proportionate circles, and spherical diagrams.
2. To understand key statistical measures such as central tendencies, measures of distribution, and
dispersion, along with advanced tools like Lorenz Curve, Gini Coefficient, and Principal
Component Analysis.
3. To apply growth rate calculations, including simple, compound, and exponential growth, and
understand methods like Nearest Neighbor Analysis and Cluster Analysis.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Acquaint themselves with the distinctiveness of Quantitative Techniques in Geography.
2. Understand Excel/STATA/SPSS, which is essential for the analysis of Geospatial statistics.
3. Identify specific techniques where they can be used for data analysis.

Data Processing: Students are required to learn data analysis using any software preferably SPSS
(Statistical Package for Social Sciences). They are expected to learn statistical methods and techniques
through computers.

Course Content: 90 Hrs.

1. Excel
Introduction, managing Data, frequencies and cross 20
tabulation, Graphs, Central Tendencies, Measures
of Distribution, Measures of dispersion.
2. Population Data Dot Map, Proportionate Circle, Spherical 25
Diagram, Choropleth and Isopleth Method,
Correlation and Simple Regression Analysis.

3. Growth Rate Simple, Compound and Exponential growth Rate, 20

Nearest Neighbour Analysis.
4. Indices Lorenz Curve and Gini co-efficient, Computation 25
of Composite Index, Human Development Index,
Ranking Method.
Note for Assessment: - Final Examination 45 Marks+ Viva Voce 15+ Practical Note Book 15
Marks=75

References:

1. Field, A. (2013): Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics, Sage Publication.

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2. Sarkar, Ashis (2013). Quantitative Geography: Techniques and Presentations. Hyderabad: Orient
Black Swan.
3. Etheridge, D. (2010): Excel Data Analysis, Wiley, New York
4. Gupta, S.P. (2010): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand and Sons, Latest Edition.
5. Linoff, G.S. (2007): Data Analysis Using SQL and Excel, Wiley, New York
6. Landau, S. and Everitt B.S. (2004): A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using SPSS, Chapman & Hall,
London
7. Khullar, D.R. (2001): Essentials of Practical Geography, Second Edition, New Academic Publishing Co.,
Jalandhar.
8. R. Lyman Ott (2001) An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis, Wadsworth Group, Texas
A&M University
9. Pal, S.K. (1998): Statistics for Geoscientists; Techniques and Applications, Concept Publishing,
New Delhi.
10. Mathews, J.A. (1987): Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography, Practical Manual,
Pergamon, Oxford.
11. Mehmood, Aslam (1978). Quantitative Methods in Geography. New Delhi: Rajesh Publications.
12. Peter J. T. (1977): Quantitative Methods in Geography, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
13. John P. Cole and Cuchlaine, King, A. M. (1968): Quantitative Geography, Wiley, London.
14. Sharma, J.P. (1996): Prayogik Bhoogol, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
15. Singh, R.L. (1979): Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New
16. http://www.pearsonhighered.com/george/SPSS_21_Step_by_Step_Answers_to_Selected_Exercises.pdf

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