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Vector Space Notes

The document outlines the properties and proofs of vector spaces, detailing key theorems and examples that illustrate these concepts. It provides a compact proof for each property, such as the behavior of scalar multiplication and addition, and demonstrates how various sets, including fields and matrices, satisfy vector space axioms. The examples serve to justify the vector space structure through closure, identity, and distributive properties.

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Khani Muskan
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7 views2 pages

Vector Space Notes

The document outlines the properties and proofs of vector spaces, detailing key theorems and examples that illustrate these concepts. It provides a compact proof for each property, such as the behavior of scalar multiplication and addition, and demonstrates how various sets, including fields and matrices, satisfy vector space axioms. The examples serve to justify the vector space structure through closure, identity, and distributive properties.

Uploaded by

Khani Muskan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vector Space Notes – Compact Proof & Examples

Theorem 1: Properties in Any Vector Space V(F)


No. Statement Proof Idea (Short)

(i) 0⋅x=0 Use 0 = 0 + 0 ⇒ 0⋅x = 0⋅x +


0⋅x ⇒ cancel ⇒ 0 = 0⋅x

(ii) α⋅0=0 Use 0 = 0 + 0 ⇒ α⋅0 = α⋅0 +


α⋅0 ⇒ cancel ⇒ 0 = α⋅0

(iii) (-α)x = - (αx) αx + (-α)x = 0 ⇒ so (-α)x is


additive inverse of αx

(iv) (α - β)x = αx - βx Use α - β = α + (-β) ⇒


distributes as expected

Examples with Axiom Justification


Example Vector Space Defined Operations Why It’s a Vector
Space (Proof)

1 F over F Field operations All vector space


(usual +, ×) axioms hold due to
field properties:
closure, identity,
inverse,
distributivity, etc.

2 F² Addition and scalar ✓ Closure under +

✓ Additive identity
multiplication and scalar mult
component-wise

✓ Inverses (-a₁, -a₂)


(0,0)

✓ Axioms hold
component-wise

3 Fⁿ Like F² extended to ✓ Same as F² for n

✓ All axioms extend


n-tuples components

component-wise

4 K over F (F⊆K) Scalar mult from F; ✓ K is abelian group

✓ Scalar mult from


elements from K under +
✓ All axioms follow
F into K valid

from fields

Examples 4–6: Vector Space Proof Table


Ex Set V Defined Operations Proof That V is a
Vector Space

4 All real-valued (f+g)(x) = f(x)+g(x) ✓ Closure under


continuous (αf)(x) = αf(x) addition and scalar

✓ Zero function
functions on [0,1] multiplication

✓ All axioms hold


exists

ℝ and continuity
from properties of

5 All polynomials over (f+g)(x) = f(x)+g(x) ✓ Closed under


a field F (αf)(x) = αf(x) addition and scalar

✓ Zero polynomial
mult

✓ Axioms follow
exists

from algebraic
structure

6 All m×n matrices Matrix addition and ✓ Matrix addition is


over F scalar multiplication associative, has
(entry-wise) identity and

✓ Scalar mult
inverses

✓ All vector space


defined entry-wise

axioms satisfied

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