Nsamba Simon
Uploaded by
Joe AprilNsamba Simon
Uploaded by
Joe AprilWireless media.
Transmission of waves takes place in the
electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The carrier
frequency of the data is expressed in cycles
per second called hertz(Hz). Low frequency
signals can travel for long distances through
many obstacles but cannot carry a high
bandwidth of date while high frequency
signals can travel for shorter distances
through few obstacles and carry a narrow
bandwidth. Also the noise effect on the signal
is inversely proportional to the power of the
radio transmitter. The three broad categories
of wireless media are:
a. Radio - 10 Khz to 1 Ghz. It is broken into
many bands including AM, FM, and VHF
bands. The Federal communications
Radio,
Microwave,
Infrared
Commission (FCC) regulates the assignment
of these frequencies. Frequencies for
unregulated use are:
b) 902-928 MHz - Cordless phones, remote controls.
c) 2.4 Ghz
d) 5.72-5.85 Ghz
a. Microwave
e) Terrestrial - Used to link networks over long distances but the two
microwave towers must have a line of sight between them. The
frequency is usually 4-6GHz or 21-23GHz. Speed is often 1-
10Mbps. The signal is normally encrypted for privacy. Two nodes
may exist.
f) Satellite - A satellite orbits at 22,300 miles above the earth which is
an altitude that will cause it to stay in a fixed position relative to the
rotation of the earth. This is called a geosynchronous orbit.A station
on the ground will send and receive signals from the satellite. The
signal can have propagation delays between 0.5 to 5 seconds due to
the distances involved. The transmission frequency is normally 11-
14GHz with a transmission speed in the range of 1-10Mbps.
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a. Infrared - Infrared is just below the visible
range of light between 100 GHz and 1000
THz. A light emitting diode (LED) or laser is
used to transmit the signal. The signal cannot
travel through objects. Light may interfere
with the signal.i
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i
Wave, message, gesture, warning, etc.
Media
Speed
tion
Cost/sta
Approx
900 Mhz Spread spectrum 2-6Mbps $5000
6 Ghz Spread Spectrum 2-6Mbps $1000
23Ghz Microwave 6Mbps at 50 kilometers $15000
Intra building Infrared 10Mbps $400
Medium distance inter building
10Mbps at 500 meters $5000
Infrared
155Mbps at 500 meters, Less than 20Mbps at
Long distance inter building Infrared $8000
1200 meters.