RELATIONS OF UNITS; BASIC CONSTANTS

LENGTH
in ft ft in cm µm
12 6,080.2 5,280 0.3937 30.48 104
ft naut. mi mi cm ft cm
ft mi Å cm ft km
3 1.152 1010 2.54 3.28 1.609
yd naut. mi m in m mi

AREA
in2 ft 2 ac ft 2 cm2 cm2
144 2 43,560 640 10.76 2 929 2 8.452 2
ft ac mi2 m ft in

VOLUME
in3 gal ft 3 l l ft 3
1,728 7.481 43,560 3.7854 28.317 35.31
ft 3 ft 3 ac − ft gal ft 3 m3
in3 pt l in3 cm3 cm3
231 8 103 3 61.025 103 28,317
gal gal m l l ft 3

DENSITY
lbൗ lbൗ gm kgൗ kgൗ
3 ft 3 ൗcm3
1,728 ft m3 3
lbൗ
32.174
slugൗ
0.51538
slugൗ 16.018 1,000 gm m
lbൗ ൗcm3
in3 ft 3 ft 3 ft 3

TIME
s s min hr
60 3,600 60 24
min hr hr day

ANGULAR
rad deg 1 rpm rpm
2ω = 6.2832 57.3 9.549
rev rad 2 radൗ radൗ
min sec

SPEED
fpm mph mps mps mps
88 0.6818 0.5144 0.3048 0.44704
mph fps knot fps mph
fps mph fps cpm
1.467 1.152 1.689 152.4
mph knot knot ips
 FORCE, MASS
oz lbm dynes lbm N
16 32.174 444,820 2.205 9.80665
lbm slug lbf kg kg f
lbf poundals dynes kg N
1,000 32.174 980.665 14.594 4.4482
kip lbf gmf slug lbf
lbm grains gm dynes kilopond
2,000 7,000 453.6 105 1
ton lbm lbm N kg
kg gm gmole kg kg
14.594 28.35 453.6 907.18 1,000
slug oz pmole ton metric ton

ENTROPY, SPECIFIC HEAT, GAS CONSTANT

BTUൗ BTUൗ BTUൗ
pmole − °R 1 lb − °R 1 lb − °R
1 gal kcalൗ
calൗ ൗgm − K
gmole − K kg − K
BTUൗ kJ
pmole − °R ൗkg − K
0.2389 4.187
J BTUൗ
ൗgmole − K lb − °R

PRESSURE
psi Nൗ kg mmHg 0℃
14.696 2 13.6
atm 101.325 m mmHg 0℃
51.715
psi
atm
Nൗ inHg 0℃ Nൗ inH20 60℉
2 m2
47.88 m 29.921
atm 10 5 13.57
inHg 60℉
psf bar
kgൗ Nൗ ftH20 60℉ psi
2 14.504
703.07 m2 6,894.8 m 33.934
atm bar
psi psi
psi kgൗ torr bar
0.0361 cm2 760 1.01325
inH20 60℉ 0.0731 atm atm
psi
dynesൗ psi 9.869 atm Nൗ
0.4898 2
106 cm2 inHg 60℉ 107 dyneൗ 133.3 m
bar cm2 torr
kgൗ pa psi lbൗ
6,894.76 5.404 ft 2
1.0332 cm2 lbfൗ BTUൗ 778.16
atm in2 ft 3 BTUൗ
ft 3
mmHg 0℃ inH20 39.2℉ dyneൗ lbൗ
760 406.79 cm2 2,116.8 ft 2
atm psi 0.1 atm
Nൗ
m2

NEWTON’S PROPORTIONALITY CONSTANT K (AS A CONVERSION UNIT)

lb lb m2 N cm2 dynes
32.174 fps2 386.1 ips 2 9.80665 980.665
slug psin s kg s gm
 ENERGY AND POWER
ft − lb BTU hp − hr J J bar − dm3
778.16 2,544.4 5,050 1 ,1 0.01
BTU hp − hr ft − lb W−s N−m J
ft − lb BTU BTUൗ kW − s 16.021 J
550 42.4 1.8 lb 1
hp − s hp − min calൗ kJ 1012 MeV
gm
ft − lb BTU BTUൗ V − amp 1.6021 erg
33,000 3412.2 pmole 1
hp − min kW − hr 1,800 W−s 1012 eV
kcalൗ
gmole
ft − lb BTU BTU erg 11.817 ft − lb
737.5621 56.87 2.7194 107
kW − s kW − min atm − ft 3 J 1012 MeV
J cal kJ kJ kW
1.3558 251.98 4.1868 3,600 0.746
ft − lb BTU kcal kW − hr hp
kJ kg − m BTUൗ cal BTU
1.055 101.92 pmole 860 1.8
BTU kJ 0.4300 W − hr CHU
J
ൗgmole

UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANT

ft − lb kJ atm − ft 3 atm − cm3
1545.32 8.3143 0.7302 82.057
pmole − °R kgmole − K pmole − °R gmole − K
BTU cal psi − ft 3 bar − cm3
1.9859 1.9859 10.731 83.143
pmole − °R gmole − K pmole − °R gmole − K
J erg atm − m3 bar − l
8.3143 8.3149x107 0.08206 0.083143
gmole − K gmole − K kgmole − K gmole − K

MISCELLANEOUS CONSTANTS
SPEED OF LIGHT AVOGADRO CONSTANT
m molecules
c = 2.9979x108 NA = 6.02252x1023
s gmole
PLANCK CONSTANT BOLTZMANN CONSTANT

h = 6.6256x10−34 J − s J
k = 1.38054x10−23
K
GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT NORMAL MOLE VOLUME

−11
N − m2 −2
m3
6.670x10 2.24136x10
kg 2 gmole