Python Programming Lab

Experiment
1) A) Download and Install IDLE.
Aim :- How to download and install python IDLE

Steps to download and install Python IDLE.

a) open any browser like chrome , opera mini

b) search python download on browser
c) open python.org and download the latest version of python
(3.12)
d) open the download file and install in C drive
e) open command prompt to check the version of python (python
–version) whether it is install or not.

B) Write and execute Python program to Calculate the Area of a Triangle where its three
sides a, b, c are given. s=(a+b+c)/2, Area=square root of s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) (write program
without using function)
Aim:- Calculate the Area of a Triangle where its three sides a, b, c are given. s=(a+b+c)/2,
Area=square root of s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)

Code:-

import math

a = float(input("Enter the length of side a: "))

b = float(input("Enter the length of side b: "))

c = float(input("Enter the length of side c: "))

s = (a + b + c) / 2

area = math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))

print("The area of the triangle is:", area)

output:-

Enter the length of side a: 5

Enter the length of side b: 6
Enter the length of side c: 7
The area of the triangle is: 14.696938456699069
C) Write and execute Python program to Swap Two Variables

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Aim:- Python program to Swap Two Variables

Code:-

a = input("Enter the value for variable a: ")

b = input("Enter the value for variable b: ")

print("Before swapping: a =", a, ", b =", b)

a, b = b, a

print("After swapping: a =", a, ", b =", b)

Output:-
Enter the value for variable a: 10
Enter the value for variable b: 20
Before swapping: a = 10 , b = 20
After swapping: a = 20 , b = 10

D) Write and execute Python program to Solve quadratic equation for real numbers.

Aim:- execute Python program to Solve quadratic equation for real numbers.
Code:-

import math

a = float(input("Enter coefficient a: "))

b = float(input("Enter coefficient b: "))

c = float(input("Enter coefficient c: "))

D = b**2 - 4*a*c

if D > 0:

root1 = (-b + math.sqrt(D)) / (2 * a)

root2 = (-b - math.sqrt(D)) / (2 * a)

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print("The roots are real and different.")

print("Root 1:", root1)

print("Root 2:", root2)

elif D == 0:

root = -b / (2 * a)

print("The roots are real and the same.")

print("Root:", root)

else:

print("The equation has no real roots.")

Output:-
Enter coefficient a: 1
Enter coefficient b: -3
Enter coefficient c: 2
The solutions are: (2+0j) and (1+0j)

2). A) Write and execute Python program to Check if a Number is Positive, Negative or
zero.
Aim:- Python program to Check if a Number is Positive, Negative or zero.
Code:-

number = float(input("Enter a number: "))

if number > 0:

print("The number is positive.")

elif number < 0:

print("The number is negative.")

else:

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print("The number is zero.")

Output:-

Enter a number: 5
The number is positive.

B) Write and execute Python program to Check whether the given year is a Leap Year.
Aim:- Python program to Check whether the given year is a Leap Year.
Code:-

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):

print(year, "is a leap year.")

else:

print(year, "is not a leap year.")

Output:-
Enter a year: 2024
2024 is a leap year.

C) Write and execute Python program to Print all Prime Numbers in an Interval.
Aim:- Python program to Print all Prime Numbers in an Interval.
Code:-

def is_prime(num):

"""Check if a number is prime."""

if num <= 1:

return False

for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1):

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if num % i == 0:

return False

return True

def print_primes_in_interval(lower, upper):

"""Print all prime numbers in the specified interval."""

print(f"Prime numbers between {lower} and {upper}:")

for num in range(lower, upper + 1):

if is_prime(num):

print(num, end=' ')

def main():

# Input the interval

lower = int(input("Enter the lower bound of the interval:

"))

upper = int(input("Enter the upper bound of the interval:

"))

print_primes_in_interval(lower, upper)

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

Output:-
Enter the lower bound of the interval: 10
Enter the upper bound of the interval: 30
Prime numbers between 10 and 30:
11 13 17 19 23 29

D) Write and execute Python program to Display the multiplication Table based on the
given input.

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Aim:- Python program to Display the multiplication Table based on the given input.
Code:-

num = int(input("Enter a number to display its multiplication

table: "))

print(f"Multiplication Table for {num}:")

for i in range(1, 11): # Multiplying from 1 to 10

print(f"{num} x {i} = {num * i}")

Output:-
Enter a number to display its multiplication table: 5
Multiplication Table for 5:
5 x 1 = 5
5 x 2 = 10
5 x 3 = 15
5 x 4 = 20
5 x 5 = 25
5 x 6 = 30
5 x 7 = 35
5 x 8 = 40
5 x 9 = 45
5 x 10 = 50

E) Write and execute Python program to Print the Fibonacci sequence.

Aim:- Python program to Print the Fibonacci sequence.
Code:-

n_terms = int(input("Enter the number of terms in the

Fibonacci sequence: "))

a, b = 0, 1

print("Fibonacci sequence:")

for _ in range(n_terms):

print(a, end=" ")

# Update the values of a and b

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a, b = b, a + b

output:-
Enter the number of terms in the Fibonacci sequence: 5
Fibonacci sequence:
0 1 1 2 3

f) Write and execute Python program to Find the Factorial of a Number.

Aim:- Python program to Find the Factorial of a Number.
Code:-

num = int(input("Enter a number to find its factorial: "))

factorial = 1

if num < 0:

print("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.")

else:

for i in range(1, num + 1):

factorial *= i

print(f"The factorial of {num} is {factorial}.")

output:-
Enter a number to find its factorial: 5
The factorial of 5 is 120.

3) A) Write and execute Python program to Check whether the string is Palindrome

Aim:- Python program to Check whether the string is Palindrome

Code:-

string = input("Enter a string: ")

cleaned_string = string.replace(" ", "").lower()

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if cleaned_string == cleaned_string[::-1]:

print(f"'{string}' is a palindrome.")

else:

print(f"'{string}' is not a palindrome.")

Output:-
Enter a string: abcba
'abcba' is a palindrome.

a) Write and execute Python program to Reverse words in a given String in Python

Aim:- Python program to Reverse words in a given String in Python

Code:-

string = "I am a python programmer"

words = string.split()

words = list(reversed(words))

print(" ".join(words))

Output:-
programmer python a am I

b) identify in a strings the name, position and counting of vowels.

Aim:- Python program to identify in a strings the name, position and counting of vowels.
Code:-

string = input("Enter a string: ")

vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"

vowel_positions = []

for index, char in enumerate(string):

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if char in vowels:

vowel_positions.append((char, index))

vowel_count = len(vowel_positions)

print("Vowels found:", vowel_positions)

print("Total number of vowels:", vowel_count)

Output:-
Enter a string: spoon
Vowels found: [('o', 2), ('o', 3)]
Total number of vowels: 2

d) Count the Number of matching characters in a pair of string (set)

Aim:- Python program to Count the Number of matching characters in a pair of string (set)
Code:-

string1 = input("Enter the first string: ")

string2 = input("Enter the second string: ")

set1 = set(string1)

set2 = set(string2)

matching_characters = set1.intersection(set2)

matching_count = len(matching_characters)

print("Matching characters:", matching_characters)

print("Number of matching characters:", matching_count)

Output:-
Enter the first string: apple
Enter the second string: mango
Matching characters: {'a'}

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Number of matching characters: 1

e) Python program for removing i-th character from a string

Aim:- Python program for removing i-th character from a string
Code:-

string = input("Enter a string: ")

i = int(input("Enter the index of the character to remove (0-

based index): "))

if 0 <= i < len(string):

modified_string = string[:i] + string[i+1:]

print("Modified string:", modified_string)

else:

print("Index out of range.")

Output:-
Enter a string: spoon
Enter the index of the character to remove (0-based index): 3
Modified string: spon

4) a) Write and execute Python program to find largest number in a given list without
using max().

Aim:- Python program to find largest number in a given list without using max().

Code:-

numbers = input("Enter numbers separated by spaces: ")

num_list = [int(num) for num in numbers.split()]

largest = num_list[0]

for num in num_list:

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if num > largest:

largest = num

print("The largest number in the list is:", largest)

Output:-
Enter numbers separated by spaces: 1 2 3 4 5 68 897
The largest number in the list is: 897

b) Write and execute Python program to find the common numbers from two lists.
Aim:- Python program to find the common numbers from two lists.
Code :-

list1 = input("Enter the first list of numbers separated by

spaces: ")

list1 = [int(num) for num in list1.split()]

list2 = input("Enter the second list of numbers separated by

spaces: ")

list2 = [int(num) for num in list2.split()]

common_numbers = set(list1).intersection(set(list2))

print("Common numbers:", common_numbers)

Output:-
Enter the first list of numbers separated by spaces: 11 12 1 3
34
Enter the second list of numbers separated by spaces: 11 2 34
5
Common numbers: {34, 11}
C) Write and execute Python program create a list of even numbers and another
list of odd numbers from a given list.
Aim :- Python program create a list of even numbers and another list of odd numbers from a
given list.
Code:-

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numbers = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces:

")

num_list = [int(num) for num in numbers.split()]

even_numbers = []

odd_numbers = []

for num in num_list:

if num % 2 == 0:

even_numbers.append(num)

else:

odd_numbers.append(num)

print("Even numbers:", even_numbers)

print("Odd numbers:", odd_numbers)

Output:-
Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: 23 24 45 76
Even numbers: [24, 76]
Odd numbers: [23, 45]

d) Write and execute Python program to find number of occurrences of given number
without using built-in methods.
Aim:- Python program to find number of occurrences of given number without using built-in
methods.
Code:-

numbers = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces:

")

num_list = [int(num) for num in numbers.split()]

target = int(input("Enter the number to count occurrences: "))

count = 0

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for num in num_list:

if num == target:

count += 1

print(f"The number {target} occurs {count} times in the

list.")

Output:-
Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: 1 4 5 6 78 9 68 4
5 6
Enter the number to count occurrences: 4
The number 4 occurs 2 times in the list.
5) A) Write and execute Python program to find the index of an item of a tuple.

Aim:- Python program to find the index of an item of a tuple.

Code:- :', index)

vowels = ('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'i', 'u')

index = vowels.index('e')

print('Index of e:', index)

index = vowels.index('i')

print('Index of i:', index)

Output:-
Index of e: 1
Index of i: 2

b) Write and execute Python program to find the length of a tuple.

Aim:- Python program to find the length of a tuple.

Code:-

tuple1= (123456, 'xyzabc',12,'ckjk',64)

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print ("First tuple length : ", len(tuple1))

Output:-
First tuple length : 5

c) Write and execute Python program to to reverse a tuple.

Aim:- Python program to to reverse a tuple.
Code:-

tuple_values = (1, 2, 'Python', 'Java', 23.4, 77, 10)

print("The original tuple is: ", tuple_values)

tuple_values = tuple_values[::-1]

print("The reversed tuple is: ", tuple_values)

Output:-
The original tuple is: (1, 2, 'Python', 'Java', 23.4, 77, 10)
The reversed tuple is: (10, 77, 23.4, 'Java', 'Python', 2, 1)

d) Write a Python program to sort a list of tuple by its float element. Sample data: [('item1',
'12.20'), ('item2', '15.10'), ('item3', '24.5')] Expected Output: [('item3', '24.5'), ('item2',
'15.10'), ('item1', '12.20')]
Aim:- Python program to sort a list of tuple by its float element.
Code:-

data = [('item1', '12.20'), ('item2', '15.10'), ('item3',

'24.5')]

sorted_data = sorted(data, key=lambda x: float(x[1]),

reverse=True)

print("Sorted list of tuples:", sorted_data)

Output:-
Sorted list of tuples: [('item3', '24.5'), ('item2', '15.10'),
('item1', '12.20')]

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6) a) Write and execute Python program to create an intersection of sets.

Aim:- Python program to create an intersection of sets.
Code:-

set1_input = input("Enter the first set of numbers separated

by spaces: ")

set1 = set(int(num) for num in set1_input.split())

set2_input = input("Enter the second set of numbers separated

by spaces: ")

set2 = set(int(num) for num in set2_input.split())

intersection = set1 & set2

print("Intersection of the two sets:", intersection)

Output:-
Enter the first set of numbers separated by spaces: 45 457 457
Enter the second set of numbers separated by spaces: 457 445
56 45
Intersection of the two sets: {457, 45}

b) create a union of sets.

Code:-

set1_input = input("Enter the first set of numbers separated

by spaces: ")

set1 = set(int(num) for num in set1_input.split())

set2_input = input("Enter the second set of numbers separated

by spaces: ")

set2 = set(int(num) for num in set2_input.split())

union = set1 | set2 # You can also use set1.union(set2)

print("Union of the two sets:", union)

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Output:-
Enter the first set of numbers separated by spaces: 45 456 5
54 433 67
Enter the second set of numbers separated by spaces: 4 34 54
45 43
Union of the two sets: {34, 67, 4, 5, 456, 43, 45, 433, 54}

c) create set difference.

Code:-

set1_input = input("Enter the first set of numbers separated

by spaces: ")

set1 = set(int(num) for num in set1_input.split())

set2_input = input("Enter the second set of numbers separated

by spaces: ")

set2 = set(int(num) for num in set2_input.split())

difference = set1 - set2

print("Difference of the two sets (set1 - set2):", difference)

Output:-
Enter the first set of numbers separated by spaces: 56 43 35
66 546
Enter the second set of numbers separated by spaces: 43 234
546 35
Difference of the two sets (set1 - set2): {56, 66}

d) check if two given sets have no elements in common.

Code:-

set1_input = input("Enter the first set of numbers separated

by spaces: ")

set1 = set(int(num) for num in set1_input.split())

set2_input = input("Enter the second set of numbers separated

by spaces: ")

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set2 = set(int(num) for num in set2_input.split())

if set1.isdisjoint(set2):

print("The two sets have no elements in common.")

else:

print("The two sets have common elements.")

Output:-
Enter the first set of numbers separated by spaces: 43 64 56
67
Enter the second set of numbers separated by spaces: 64 56 35
54
The two sets have common elements.

7) a) Write and execute Python program to Write a Python script to concatenate two
dictionaries to create a new one
Aim:- Python program to Write a Python script to concatenate two dictionaries to create a
new one
Code:-

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}

new_dict = dict1.copy() # Create a copy of dict1

new_dict.update(dict2) # Update with dict2

print(new_dict)

Output:-
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

b) Write a Python script to merge two Python dictionaries.

Code:-

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dict1 = {1: 'John', 2: 'Sam', 3: 'Tim'}

dict2 = {3: 'Kim', 4: 'Kelly'}

# Using copy() and update()

dict3 = dict2.copy()
dict3.update(dict1)
print('Merged dictionary:', dict3)

Output:-
Merged dictionary: {3: 'Tim', 4: 'Kelly', 1: 'John', 2: 'Sam'}

C) Write a Python program to combine two dictionary adding values for common keys. d1
= {'a': 100, 'b': 200, 'c':300} d2 = {'a': 300, 'b': 200, 'd':400} Sample output: d({'a': 400, 'b':
400, 'd': 400, 'c': 300})
Code:-
d1 = {'a': 100, 'b': 200, 'c': 300}
d2 = {'a': 300, 'b': 200, 'd': 400}
combined_dict = {}
for key, value in d1.items():
combined_dict[key] = value
for key, value in d2.items():
if key in combined_dict:
combined_dict[key] += value
else:
combined_dict[key] = value

print("Combined dictionary with added values for common keys:",

combined_dict)

Output:-
Combined dictionary with added values for common keys: {'a': 400, 'b':
400, 'c': 300, 'd': 400}

8) a) Write and execute Python program to Write a Python function for reversing a string
and call it.
Aim:- Python program to Write a Python function for reversing a string and call it.
Code:-

def reverse_string(s):

return s[::-1]

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input_string = "Hello, World!"

reversed_string = reverse_string(input_string)

print("Original string:", input_string)

print("Reversed string:", reversed_string)

Output:-
Original string: Hello, World!
Reversed string: !dlroW ,olleH
b) Write a Python function for calculating compound interest and call it.
Code:-

import math

def compound_interest(p,r,t):

amt = p * (math.pow((1 + (r/100)),t))

print("Compound Amount: ",amt)

CI = amt - p

return CI

p=float(input("Enter Principal Amount: "))

r=float(input("Enter Rate of Interest: "))

t=float(input("Enter Time Period in years: "))

print("Compound interest is",compound_interest(p,r,t))

Output:-
Enter Principal Amount: 100000
Enter Rate of Interest: 12
Enter Time Period in years: 5
Compound Amount: 176234.16832000008
Compound interest is 76234.16832000008

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c) Write a Python function for calculating the factorial of a number and call it to calculate
!n/(!r)*!(n-r)) where symbol “! “ stands for factorial.
Code:-

def factorial(n):

"""Calculate the factorial of a non-negative integer n."""

if n < 0:

raise ValueError("Factorial is not defined for

negative numbers")

if n == 0 or n == 1:

return 1

result = 1

for i in range(2, n + 1):

result *= i

return result

def combinations(n, r):

if r > n:

return 0

return factorial(n) // (factorial(r) * factorial(n - r))

n = 5

r = 2

result = combinations(n, r)

print(f"C({n}, {r}) = {result}")

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output:-
C(5, 2) = 10

9) a) Write Python program using OOP approach to create an instance of a specified class
and display the namespace of the said instance
Aim:- Python program using OOP approach to create an instance of a specified class and
display the namespace of the said instance
Code:-

class py_solution:

def sub_sets(self, sset):

return self.subsetsRecur([], sorted(sset))

def subsetsRecur(self, current, sset):

if sset:

return self.subsetsRecur(current, sset[1:]) +

self.subsetsRecur(current + [sset[0]], sset[1:])

return [current]

for name in py_solution.__dict__:

print(name)

Output:-
__module__

sub_sets

subsetsRecur

__dict__

__weakref__

__doc__

b) create a Python class named Student with two attributes: student_id, student_name.
Add a new attribute: student_class. Create a function to display all attributes and their
values in the Student class.

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Code:-

class Student:

student_id = 'V10'

student_name = 'Jacqueline Barnett'

def display():

print(f'Student id: {Student.student_id}\nStudent

Name: {Student.student_name}')

print("Original attributes and their values of the Student

class:")

Student.display()

Output:-
Original attributes and their values of the Student class:
Student id: V10
Student Name: Jacqueline Barnett
c) Create a Python class named Student with two instances student1, student2 and assign
values to the instances' attributes. Print all the attributes of the student1, student2
instances
Aim:- Create a Python class named Student with two instances student1, student2 and
assign values to the instances' attributes. Print all the attributes of the student1, student2
instances
Code:-
class Student:
school = 'Forward Thinking'
address = '2626/Z Overlook Drive, COLUMBUS'
student1 = Student()
student2 = Student()
student1.student_id = "V12"
student1.student_name = "Ernesto Mendez"
student2.student_id = "V12"
student2.marks_language = 85
student2.marks_science = 93
student2.marks_math = 95
students = [student1, student2]
for student in students:
print('\n')

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for attr in student.__dict__:

print(f'{attr} -> {getattr(student, attr)}')

Output:-
student_id -> V12
student_name -> Ernesto Mendez

student_id -> V12

marks_language -> 85
marks_science -> 93
marks_math -> 95

d) Write programs to demonstrate use of following types of inheritance:

i. Single inheritance
ii. Multiple inheritance
iii. Multilevel inheritance

Code:-
i. Single inheritance
class Animal:
def speak(self):
return "Animal speaks"
class Dog(Animal):
def bark(self):
return "Dog barks"
dog_instance = Dog()
print(dog_instance.speak())
print(dog_instance.bark())

Output:-
Animal speaks
Dog barks

ii. Multiple inheritance

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class Flyer:

def fly(self):

return "Can fly"

class Swimmer:

def swim(self):

return "Can swim"

class Duck(Flyer, Swimmer):

def quack(self):

return "Duck quacks"

duck_instance = Duck()

print(duck_instance.fly()) # Method from Flyer class

print(duck_instance.swim()) # Method from Swimmer class

print(duck_instance.quack()) # Method from Duck class

Output:-
Can fly
Can swim
Duck quacks
iii. Multilevel inheritance

class Animal:

def eat(self):

return "Animal eats"

class Mammal(Animal):

def walk(self):

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return "Mammal walks"

class Dog(Mammal):

def bark(self):

return "Dog barks"

dog_instance = Dog()

print(dog_instance.eat()) # Method from Animal class

print(dog_instance.walk()) # Method from Mammal class

print(dog_instance.bark()) # Method from Dog class

Output:-
Animal eats
Mammal walks
Dog barks
e) Demonstrate use of polymorphism with following situations:
i. Polymorphism in operator
ii. Polymorphism in user defined method
iii. Polymorphism in built-in function
iv. Polymorphism with class method
v. Polymorphism with method overriding

Aim:- Demonstrate use of polymorphism with following situations:

i. Polymorphism in operator
Code:-

# Demonstrating polymorphism in the '+' operator

class String:

def __init__(self, value):

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self.value = value

def __add__(self, other):

return String(self.value + other.value)

class Number:

def __init__(self, value):

self.value = value

def __add__(self, other):

return self.value + other.value

s1 = String("Hello, ")

s2 = String("World!")

print((s1 + s2).value) # String concatenation

n1 = Number(10)

n2 = Number(5)

print(n1 + n2) # Numeric addition

Output-
Hello, World!
15

ii. Polymorphism in user defined method

Code:-

class Cat:

def sound(self):

return "Meow"

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class Dog:

def sound(self):

return "Woof"

def animal_sound(animal):

print(animal.sound())

# Instances

cat = Cat()

dog = Dog()

animal_sound(cat) # Calls Cat's sound method

animal_sound(dog) # Calls Dog's sound method

Output:-
Meow
Woof

iii. Polymorphism in built-in function

Code:-

def add(x, y):

return x + y

# Different types

print(add(5, 3)) # Adding integers

print(add(5.5, 2.5)) # Adding floats

print(add("Hello, ", "World!")) # Concatenating strings

output:-

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8
8.0
Hello, World!

iv. Polymorphism with class method

Code:-

class A:

@classmethod

def identify(cls):

return "Class A"

class B:

@classmethod

def identify(cls):

return "Class B"

def class_identifier(cls):

print(cls.identify())

class_identifier(A)

class_identifier(B)

output:-
Class A
Class B

v. Polymorphism with method overriding

code:-

class Parent:

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def show(self):

return "Parent method"

class Child(Parent):

def show(self):

return "Child method"

parent_instance = Parent()

child_instance = Child()

print(parent_instance.show()) # Calls Parent's method

print(child_instance.show()) # Calls Child's overridden

method

Output:-
Parent method
Child method

10) a) Using exception handling feature such as try…except, try finally- write
minimum three programs to handle following types of exceptions.
i. Type Error
ii. Name Error
iii. Index Error
iv. Key Error v. Value Error
vi. IO Error
vii. Zero Division Error

Aim:- Using exception handling feature such as try…except, try finally- write
minimum three programs to handle following types of exceptions.

Code:-

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 Python Programming Lab

Program 1: Handling Various Exceptions

def handle_type_value_zero_division():

try:

# TypeError example

a = "10" + 5 # Trying to add string and integer

except TypeError as e:

print("TypeError:", e)

try:

# ValueError example

num = int("abc") # Trying to convert non-numeric

string to integer

except ValueError as e:

print("ValueError:", e)

try:

# ZeroDivisionError example

result = 10 / 0 # Division by zero

except ZeroDivisionError as e:

print("ZeroDivisionError:", e)

handle_type_value_zero_division()

output:-
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc'

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 Python Programming Lab

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

Program 2: Handling NameError, IndexError, and KeyError

def handle_name_index_key_error():

try:

# NameError example

print(undefined_variable) # Using an undefined

variable

except NameError as e:

print("NameError:", e)

try:

# IndexError example

lst = [1, 2, 3]

print(lst[5]) # Accessing an out-of-bounds index

except IndexError as e:

print("IndexError:", e)

try:

# KeyError example

d = {"key1": "value1"}

print(d["key2"]) # Accessing a non-existing key

except KeyError as e:

print("KeyError:", e)

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 Python Programming Lab

handle_name_index_key_error()

output:-
NameError: name 'undefined_variable' is not defined
IndexError: list index out of range
KeyError: 'key2'

Program 3: Handling IOError and finally block

def handle_io_error():

try:

# IOError example (attempting to open a non-existent

file)

with open("non_existent_file.txt", "r") as file:

content = file.read()

except IOError as e:

print("IOError:", e)

finally:

print("Execution of try-except-finally block

complete.")

handle_io_error()

output:-
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory:
'non_existent_file.txt'
Execution of try-except-finally block complete.

10) b) Write Python program to demonstrate file operations.

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 Python Programming Lab

def file_operations():

# 1. Create and write to a file

with open('example.txt', 'w') as file:

file.write("Hello, World!\n")

file.write("This is a file operations

demonstration.\n")

file.write("Let's see how we can read from this

file.\n")

print("File 'example.txt' created and written to.")

# 2. Read from the file

try:

with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:

print("\nContents of 'example.txt':")

content = file.read()

print(content)

except FileNotFoundError:

print("Error: File not found.")

# 3. Append to the file

with open('example.txt', 'a') as file:

file.write("Appending a new line to the file.\n")

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 Python Programming Lab

print("New line appended to 'example.txt'.")

# 4. Read the updated file

with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:

print("\nUpdated contents of 'example.txt':")

content = file.read()

print(content)

# Run the file operations

file_operations()

Explanation of File Operations

1. Creating and Writing to a File:

o The program opens (or creates) a file named example.txt in write mode
('w').
o It writes several lines to the file.
2. Reading from the File:
o The program opens the file in read mode ('r') and reads its contents.
o It prints the contents to the console.
3. Appending to the File:
o The program opens the file in append mode ('a') and adds a new line of text.
4. Reading the Updated File:
o Finally, the program reads and prints the updated contents of the file.

Output:-

File 'example.txt' created and written to.

Contents of 'example.txt':
Hello, World!
This is a file operations demonstration.
Let's see how we can read from this file.

New line appended to 'example.txt'.

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 Python Programming Lab

Updated contents of 'example.txt':

Hello, World!
This is a file operations demonstration.
Let's see how we can read from this file.
Appending a new line to the file.

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