Tutorials Engineering Maths 4 MATE3201

2 x
Exercise 1: a). i) Using Gauss 3- point formula, evaluate the integral I   e 2
dx
2

ii): Using Gauss 3- point formula, evaluate the integral I    x 4  1dx

4

b). i). Give the secant algorithm for solving the equation f(x) = 0 .

ii). Solve the equation 5 x  11x  17  0 by Secant method with x0 =1 and 6S accuracy.
2

c). Find the solution of the function f  x   2 x  2 x  2  0 by the iteration, choosing x0=1
3

ii). Solve the equation x4 – x3 – 2x – 34= 0 by Newton’s method with x0 = 3 and 6S accuracy.

d). Give an algorithm for the conversion from binary number to decimal without signs.

e). Using the bisection method, find the positive root of the equation 5 x  11x  17  0 correct to 3
2

significant figures

f). Estimate 2  1.41421356 using Newton’s method.

g). Compute to 4D- the value of ln9.2 from ln9.0=2.1972 and ln9.5=2.2513 by the linear Lagrange
interpolation and determine the error using ln9.2=2.2192 (4D).
h). i). Using Lagrange interpolation formula, find the solution of f(x) for x = 301

x 300 304 305 307

f(x) 2.4771 2.4829 2.4843 2.4871
ii). Using Lagrange interpolation formula, find the solution of f(x) for x =1
x -1 0 3 6 7
f(x) 3 -6 39 822 1611

iii). Compute to 5 decimal places the value of f  x  when x = 2.7 using the linear Lagrange
interpolation from the following table x 2 2.5 3
f  x  0.69315 0.91629 1.09861

Exercise 2: a). i). Find the solution using the Newton’s Forward difference formula of x = -1
x 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 0 1 10

ii). Find the solution of the equation f ( x)  x 3  x  1 using Newton’s Backward Difference formula if
x  3.75 Given that x1  2, x2  4 and step size h  0.5.

iii). Find the solution using the Newton’s Backward difference formula of x = 1925
x 1891 1901 1911 1921 193
f(x) 46 66 81 93 101

iv). Find the solution of the equation f ( x)  2 x 3  4 x  1 using Newton’s Divided Difference
Interpolation formula if x  3.8 Given that x1  2, x2  4 and step size h  0.5.

v). Using Newton’s Divided Difference Interpolation formula, find the solution of f(x) for x = 301
x 300 304 305 307
f(x) 2.4771 2.4829 2.4843 2.4871

vi). Using the Newton’ divided difference formula, find the solution of f(x) for x = 0.3
 x 0 1 3 4 7
f(x) 1 3 49 129 813

and if given data is for the analytical equation f ( x)  3x 3  5 x 2  4 x  1 . Show f(0.3) is the
same.

b). i). Using Lagrange interpolation formula, find the solution of f(x) for x = 301

x 300 304 305 307

f(x) 2.4771 2.4829 2.4843 2.4871
ii). Using Lagrange interpolation formula, find the solution of f(x) for x =1
x -1 0 3 6 7
f(x) 3 -6 39 822 1611

iii). Compute to 5 decimal places the value of f  x  when x = 2.7 using the linear Lagrange
interpolation from the following table x 2 2.5 3
f  x  0.69315 0.91629 1.09861

2 1  x2
Exercise 3: a).i). Using the Trapezoidal rule with n=10, determine the integral I   e dx with
0 2
step size h=0.02
ii). Determine the error bounds and state where the exact value of I must lie.
iii). Determine the error of the approximate value of the above function by halving h.

1
b). Using Trapezoidal rule with 6 intervals, evaluate the integral  2 dx . Give your answer to 4
0 1  sin x
significant figures.

c). Consider the function f(x) with a  x  b, and with step size h.

 f  x dx using Simpson’s rule?

b
i) What is the expression of the integral
a

ii). State an interval for the error bound.

iii). Give an algorithm for Simpson’s rule of the integration of the function f(x).

d) i) Compute the integral of cosx2 from 0 to 1 by Simpson’s rule 2m = 2 and 2m = 4 and estimate the
error.

1
ii). Using Simpson’s rule with 6 intervals, evaluate the integral 0
3
1
3
sin 2  d . Give your answer to 3
significant figures. Calculate the error bound.

iii). Determine the error bounds and state where the exact value of I must lie.

iv). Determine the error of the approximate value of the above function by halving h.

2 x
v). Using Gauss 3- point formula, evaluate the integral I   e 2
dx
2


1
vi). Using Gauss 3- point formula, evaluate the integral 
0
3
1
3
sin 2  d . Give your answer to
3 significant figures.

Exercise 4: a). Consider the system of equations

 3 x1  2 x2  x3  1
6 x1  6 x2  7 x3  7
3 x1  4 x2  4 x3  6

i). Solve the above system of equations using Gaussian elimination method.

ii). Give the Gaussian for a linear systems  AX  B 

b). Hence, evaluate the above system of equation using the LU-factorization method.
c). Consider the system of equations

4 x1  2 x2  14 x3  14
2 x1  17 x2  5 x3  101
14 x1  5 x2  83x3  155

i). Show that the system of equation can be solved using Cholesky’s method.
ii). Hence solve the system of equation using Cholesky’s method.

Exercise 5: a). Consider the system of equations

9 x1  6 x2  12 x3  87
6 x1  13 x2  11x3  118
12 x1  11x2  26 x3  154

i). What is the leading order of the matrix A of the system?

ii). What is the operation count of the matrix A?
b). Evaluate the above system of equation using the LU-factorization method.
c). Give the computational time of the multiplication of the following:
i). two n by n matrices ii). two 2n by 2n matrices.
d). i). Using Gaussian elimination method, give the leading order for the forward substitution and
backward substitution.
ii). How does the operation count vary ?

Exercise 6: a). Consider the system of equations

3 x1  2 x2  x3  1
6 x1  6 x2  7 x3  7
3 x1  4 x2  4 x3  6

i). What is the leading order of the matrix A of the system?

ii). What is the operation count of the matrix A?
b). Evaluate the above system of equation using the Cholesky’s method.
Exercise 7: a). i). Using Euler’s method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation
y '  3(1  x)  y, given the initial conditions that x = 1, y = 4 for the range x = 1.0 to x= 2.0 with
interval of 0.2.

ii). Using Euler’s method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation y ' 2  2 x, given
the initial conditions that x = 0, y = 1 for the range x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0.

iii). Using Euler’s method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation y '  y  x, given
the initial conditions that x = 0, y = 2 for the range x =0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5.
 y
iv). Using Euler’s method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation y '  3  , given
x
the initial conditions that x = 1, y = 2 for the range x = 1.0 to 1.5 with interval of 0.1.
v). Solve the initial value problem for a damped mass-spring system using Euler method for the
second order ODE; y ''  2 y '0.75 y  0, y  0  3, y '  0   2.5with step size h=0.2 for x from
0 to 1(where x is time).

b). i). Using the improved Euler method, solve the initial value problem y '  x  y, y 0  0
choosing h=0.2 in the range x =0, 1, ……………., 5.

ii). Using Euler - Cauchy method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation y '  y  x,
given the initial conditions that x = 1, y = 2 for the range x = 1.0 to 1.5 with interval 0.1.
iii). Using Euler - Cauchy method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation
y '  3(1  x)  y, given the initial conditions that x = 1, y = 4 for the range x = 1.0 to x= 2.0 with
interval of 0.2.

c). i). Using Runge - Kutta method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation
y '  3(1  x)  y, given the initial conditions that x = 1, y = 4 for the range x = 1.0 to x= 2.0 with
interval of 0.2.
ii). Using Runge - Kutta method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation y ' 2  2 x,
given the initial conditions that x = 0, y = 1 for the range x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0.

iii). Using Runge - Kutta method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation y '  y  x,
given the initial conditions that x = 0, y = 2 for the range x =0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5.

y
iv). Using Runge - Kutta method, obtain a numeral solution of the differential equation y '  3  ,
x
given the initial conditions that x = 1, y = 2 for the range x = 1.0 to 1.5 with interval of 0.1.

Exercise 8: Consider the polynomial Pn  x 

i). Give the Newton’s backward difference formula for Pn  x  and give the expression of P3  x  .

ii).Give the expressions of f n ,  2 f n and 3 f n .

 1 5 3 
P3  x dx  h  P3  r dr  h  f n  f n   2 f n  3 f n  show that the
xn1 r

iii). Given that 

xn 0
 2 12 8 
multistep formula of Adams Bashforth of fourth order is
h
yn1  yn  55 f n  59 f n 1  37 f n 2  9 f n 3 .
24
c). i). Give Runge -Kutta method of fourth order algorithm for solving the initial value problem
y '  f  x, y  , y  0   0

ii). How can the above algorithm be modify to give Runge-Kutta algorithm for solving higher order
differential equations?