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Comprehensive Matplotlib Python Program Guide
give a python program which completely covers all aspect of matplotlib

We are going to create a comprehensive example that covers many aspects of

matplotlib.
This includes:
1. Basic line plot
2. Scatter plot
3. Bar plot
4. Histogram
5. Pie chart
6. Subplots
7. Customizing plots (titles, labels, legends, colors, linestyles, markers)
8. Adding annotations and text
9. Working with dates
10. Error bars
11. Box plots
12. Violin plots
13. Contour plots
14. 3D plots
15. Image display
16. Polar plots
17. Using styles
18. Saving figures
We'll create a single script that demonstrates these features in a structured way.
However, note that this will be a long script and we'll break it into sections.
Let's start by importing necessary modules.

Here's a comprehensive Python program covering key aspects of Matplotlib,

including various plot types, customization options, and advanced features:
python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatter
from matplotlib import cm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
from datetime import datetime

# =====================
# 1. Basic Configuration
# =====================
plt.rcParams.update({
'font.size': 10,
'figure.figsize': (12, 8),
'figure.dpi': 100,
'figure.autolayout': True
})

# ===============
# 2. Create Data
# ===============
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)
y_random = np.random.normal(size=100)
categories = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
values = [25, 40, 30, 45]
date_strings = ['2023-01-01', '2023-02-01', '2023-03-01', '2023-04-01']
dates = [datetime.strptime(d, '%Y-%m-%d') for d in date_strings]

# ============================
# 3. Multiple Plot Arrangement
# ============================
fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True)
gs = fig.add_gridspec(3, 3)

# ===============
# 4. Line Plot
# ===============
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 0])
ax1.plot(x, y_sin, 'b-', label='Sine', linewidth=2)
ax1.plot(x, y_cos, 'r--', label='Cosine', alpha=0.7)
ax1.set_title('Trigonometric Functions')
ax1.set_xlabel('X-axis')
ax1.set_ylabel('Y-axis')
ax1.legend()
ax1.grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.6)
ax1.set_xlim(0, 10)
ax1.set_ylim(-1.5, 1.5)

# ===============
# 5. Scatter Plot
# ===============
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 1])
colors = np.random.rand(100)
sizes = 100 * np.random.rand(100)
ax2.scatter(x, y_random, c=colors, s=sizes, alpha=0.7,
cmap='viridis', edgecolor='black')
ax2.set_title('Scatter Plot')
ax2.set_xlabel('X values')
ax2.set_ylabel('Random values')

# =============
# 6. Bar Chart
# =============
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 2])
x_indexes = np.arange(len(categories))
bar_width = 0.6
ax3.bar(x_indexes, values, width=bar_width, color='skyblue',
edgecolor='black')
ax3.set_title('Bar Chart')
ax3.set_xticks(x_indexes)
ax3.set_xticklabels(categories)
ax3.set_ylabel('Values')

# ================
# 7. Histogram
# ================
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 0])
mu, sigma = 100, 15
data = np.random.normal(mu, sigma, 1000)
ax4.hist(data, bins=30, density=True, alpha=0.7,
color='green', histtype='stepfilled', edgecolor='black')
ax4.set_title('Histogram with PDF')
ax4.set_xlabel('Values')
ax4.set_ylabel('Frequency')
# Overlay PDF
xmin, xmax = plt.xlim()
x_pdf = np.linspace(xmin, xmax, 100)
p = (1/(sigma * np.sqrt(2 * np.pi))) * np.exp(-(x_pdf - mu)**2 / (2 *
sigma**2))
ax4.plot(x_pdf, p, 'r--', linewidth=2)

# ===============
# 8. Pie Chart
# ===============
ax5 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 1])
explode = (0.1, 0, 0, 0)
ax5.pie(values, explode=explode, labels=categories, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90,
colors=['#ff9999','#66b3ff','#99ff99','#ffcc99'])
ax5.set_title('Pie Chart')

# ===================
# 9. Box and Whisker
# ===================
ax6 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 2])
data_to_plot = [np.random.normal(0, std, 100) for std in range(1, 4)]
ax6.boxplot(data_to_plot, patch_artist=True,
boxprops=dict(facecolor='lightblue'),
flierprops=dict(marker='o', markersize=5),
medianprops=dict(color='red'))
ax6.set_title('Box Plot')
ax6.set_xticklabels(['Group 1', 'Group 2', 'Group 3'])

# ==============
# 10. Error Bars
# ==============
ax7 = fig.add_subplot(gs[2, 0])
x_error = np.arange(5)
y_error = [2, 3, 5, 4, 6]
y_err = [0.5, 0.4, 0.9, 0.3, 0.7]
ax7.errorbar(x_error, y_error, yerr=y_err, fmt='o',
capsize=5, ecolor='red', elinewidth=2)
ax7.set_title('Error Bars')
ax7.set_xticks(x_error)
ax7.set_xticklabels(['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May'])
# ==============
# 11. Date Plot
# ==============
ax8 = fig.add_subplot(gs[2, 1])
ax8.plot(dates, values, 'o-')
ax8.set_title('Date Handling')
ax8.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%b %d'))
ax8.xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.MonthLocator())
ax8.grid(True)
fig.autofmt_xdate(rotation=45)

# =============
# 12. 3D Plot
# =============
ax9 = fig.add_subplot(gs[2, 2], projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax9.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm,
linewidth=0, antialiased=True)
ax9.set_title('3D Surface Plot')
fig.colorbar(surf, ax=ax9, shrink=0.5)

# =====================
# 13. Annotations/Text
# =====================
ax1.annotate('Max Sine', xy=(np.pi/2, 1), xytext=(4, 1.2),
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))
ax3.text(0, 42, 'Important Value', fontsize=9,
bbox=dict(facecolor='yellow', alpha=0.5))

# =====================
# 14. Saving the Figure
# =====================
plt.savefig('matplotlib_comprehensive_guide.png', dpi=300,
bbox_inches='tight')

plt.suptitle('Matplotlib Comprehensive Guide', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')

plt.show()
 This program covers:

1. Basic Configuration: Global settings and style configurations

2. Data Creation: Generation of sample data for visualization
3. Subplot Layout: GridSpec for advanced layout control
4. Line Plot: Multiple lines with styling and legends
5. Scatter Plot: Colored and sized markers with colormap
6. Bar Chart: Categorical data visualization
7. Histogram: Distribution visualization with PDF overlay
8. Pie Chart: Proportional data with explosions and shadows
9. Box Plot: Statistical distribution representation
10. Error Bars: Uncertainty visualization
11. Date Handling: Time-series data with date formatting
12. 3D Plotting: Surface plot with colormap
13. Annotations: Text labels and arrows
14. Saving Figures: Export to high-resolution PNG

Key features demonstrated:

 Multiple plot types in a single figure

 Customization of colors, markers, and line styles
 Axis limits and grid configurations
 Legend positioning and styling
 Color mapping and transparency
 Statistical visualization
 Date handling and formatting
 3D visualization
 Figure annotations
 Export options

To use this program:

1. Ensure you have required packages:

bash

pip install numpy matplotlib

2. Run the script - it will generate a comprehensive visualization

3. The output figure will be saved as 'matplotlib_comprehensive_guide.png'

The plot demonstrates both basic and advanced Matplotlib features in a

single view, making it an excellent reference for various visualization
techniques.

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