ISSN: 2366-1313

A SHORT-RANGE RADAR SYSTEM - USING ARDUINO

1
K. Srilatha, 2K. Harshith Chakravarthy, 3Ch.Revanth Kumar, 4M. Murali Krishna

Assistant Professor, Dept.of CSE, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Meerpet, Hyderabad,
1

2
BTech student, Dept.of CSE, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Meerpet, Hyderabad,
kodamalaharshith@gmail.com

3
BTech student, Dept.of CSE, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Meerpet, Hyderabad,
revanthreethik@gmail.com

4
BTech student, Dept.of CSE, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Meerpet, Hyderabad,
majojukrishna03@gmail.com

Abstract: Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) is a machine used to monitor a specific
area 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Their primary desire is protection. RADAR is an
object detection tool. It can attack aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, vehicles, weather formations,
etc. Radar is an addition to the human sensory system that provides new centres. It includes a
Trans-receiver and processor. RADAR can be of many types. Ultrasonic RADAR is an
element detection device that shows the rapid range area. This system consists of an Arduino
connected to an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo motor. The proposed system,
"ultrasonic radar for the object detection distance and the speed measurement‖, employs an
ultrasonic module that includes an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. It operates by
transmitting a 40 kHz frequency pulse which is not audible to the human ear.

Keywords: Radar, object detection, Arduino, ultrasonic RADAR, Servo Motor.

I. INTRODUCTION robots. In this challenge, we use an

ultrasonic sensor to operate with the help
A radar is an object-detection device that
of emitting a wave of sound waves in swift
uses radio waves to determine objects' type,
succession. These sound waves hit the
direction, or pace. It can trip aircraft, ships,
intended target, reach the sensor, and
spacecraft, guided missiles, engines, and
travel at the required speed. Ultrasonic
weather and terrain formations. This
sensors, the radar is far below the
assignment provides sufficient knowledge
temperature, which improves consistency
of Arduino and MATLAB Simulink for
and accuracy. Radar was developed
Arduino and mechanics. Machines are
secretly for military use by several
small yet efficient vehicles used in many
countries in the lead-up to World War II
products ranging from helicopters to

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 ISSN: 2366-1313
and sometime during World War II. The to obtain non-contact measurements in this
term RADAR was coined in 1940 by the way, and the distance between objects,
US Navy as an acronym for Radio speed, and many other things can be
Detection and Ranging. Radar can detect measured without difficulty. The travel
hurricane systems because rainfall reflects velocity of an acoustic wave depends on
electromagnetic fields at specific the square root of the relationship between
frequencies. Radar can also generate mean intensity and stiffness. In addition,
accurate maps. Radar structures are widely the origins of the vocal rhythm can also be
used in air traffic control and marine modified through the use of
navigation. The United States and four phytosociological conditions such as
Commonwealth countries: Australia, temperature. So, an ultrasonic sensor sends
Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, out ultrasonic waves that travel through the
have also developed their radar structures. air and get reflected after you suspend
anything. By reading the properties of the
We realize that everything produces sound
contemplated wave, we will gain
waves only through the patterns of life and
knowledge about distance, location, speed,
the effect of the air drifting around you
and many other devices. Processing
with its herbal frequency. These
software and Arduino software are used
frequencies are outside the range of
with the device to detect several article
hearing in humans. Waves with a
parameters. Scoping is one of the most
frequency range of 20,000 Hz and more or
common uses for an ultrasonic sensor. It is
less are called ultrasonic waves, and these
also known as sonar, the same radar in
waves can be detected by an ultrasonic
which the ultrasound is directed in a
sensor that allows us to obtain various
certain direction. If something is in its path,
information.
it hits it and looks at it again, and after
The ultrasonic detector usually contains calculating the time, it takes to return, we
a transducer that converts acoustic can determine the object's distance. In real
electricity into electrical energy and life, bats use this approach.
electrical energy into sound power. They
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
measure the role and direction of objects,
collision avoidance devices, monitoring The Army, Navy, and Air Force employ
systems, and many more. Ultrasound this generation. The use of this generation
technology relieves ailments, including has been visible these days in parking
linear size problems, as it allows a person systems for cars launched by AUDI,

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 ISSN: 2366-1313
FORD, etc., and even impending
driverless vehicles via Google, such as
Prius and Lexus. The project we carry out
can be used in any structure that the
customer wants to use, such as a car,
bicycle, or something else. Using Arduino
[1] in the task provides more flexibility to
use the above module according to the
requirements. The idea to make an Fig.1 Block diagram of the short-range
ultrasonic radar arose as part of a test radar
conducted on the operation and
The above fig.1 shows the Block Diagram
mechanism of "cars of the future." Also, as
of the short-range radar system. Here we
ECE undergraduates, we have always been
use Arduino Uno microcontroller which is
interested in the current generation of the
open source to implement embedded based
latest generation in the world, such as
system. ATMEGA 328 microcontroller
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Beagle-Bone board,
send 10 micro second pulse width to
and so on. As a result, this time, we could
ultrasonic transmitter, echo back signal
maintain one of the Arduino forums,
receive by TX module of ultrasonic. After
Arduino UNO R3. So, knowing roughly
then receive pulse width calculated by
about electricity and the excellent
micro controller. Here we use servo motor
processing capabilities of Arduino, we
on which ultrasonic module is mounted for
thought we would make it a sizeable
receive 180-degree signal.
purpose-built unit of everyday utilities that
can be easily used and configured Microcontroller and MATLAB
anywhere and by anyone. communicated through UART protocol
with the baud rate of 9600. This protocol
work on ASCII value. So calculated
III. DESIGN AND distance transmits from microcontroller to
IMPLEMENTATION OF MATLAB COM PORT. According
RADAR SYSTEM sensing different obstacle which are
around 180 degree and 250 cm range,
visible as a red spot-on MATLAB GUI.

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A) ARDUINO TECHNOLOGY

A typical example of the Arduino board is

Arduino Uno. It includes an ATmega328
microcontroller and it has 28-pins. The pin
configuration of the Arduino Uno board is
shown in the above. It consists of 14-
digital i/o pins. Wherein 6 pins are used as
pulse width modulation o/p’s and 6 analog Fig.3 Arduino UNO R3 and Raspberry Pi
i/p’s, a USB connection, a power jack, a boards
16MHz crystal oscillator, a reset button,
Moreover, in this rapid international
and an ICSP header. Arduino board can be
movement, there is an urgent need for
powered either from the personal computer
equipment that can be used in order to
through a USB or external source like a
improve the lives of mankind instead of
battery or an adaptor. This board can
destroying their lives. Therefore, we
operate with an external supply of 7-12V
decided to make a number of changes, and
by giving voltage reference through the IO
taking advantage of the processing
Ref pin or through the pin Vin.
capabilities of Arduino [1], we decided to
make the module more specific for the
application.

Thus, from the idea of self-driving cars

came the concept of self-parking. The
main concern of human beings in India or
even most countries is protection, even
Fig.2 Arduino board like riding a horse. So, we came up with an
Table.1 Arduino Microcontroller option with the help of using this task to
specifications constantly scan the site for traffic,
population, etc., as well as the safety of the
engines at the same time to avoid injuries
or minor scratches on the machines.

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 ISSN: 2366-1313
with the cause and echo method. The
transceiver unit is activated and sends the
signal to the water, and the water sends an
echo signal to the lower back, which the
echo reads to, i.e., the receiver unit. The
ultrasonic sensor calculates the signal
distance and returns the range of the water.
The travel time price and fare value allow
the sensor to calculate the water level. The
following figure is an image of the
ultrasonic sensor used in the task.

B) ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Ultrasonic sensors rely entirely on the size

of sound waves and house frequencies
above the human audible range, often
around 40 kHz. Three distinct houses of
Fig.4 Ultrasonic sensor
the received echo pulse can be evaluated
for different detection purposes: 1) time of Table.1 Ultrasonic sensor specification
flight, 2) Doppler shift, and 3) amplitude
attenuation. HC-SR04 ultrasonic range
unit provides non-contact measurements
from 2cm to 400cm, and the range
accuracy can reach 3mm. The units consist
of ultrasonic transmitters, receivers, and
management. The ultrasonic sensor works

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C) SERVO MOTOR operating 2.4GHZ in worldwide at a
maximum data rate up to 250kbps. One of
A servo motor is an electrical device
the major advantages is provide noise free
which can push or rotate an object with
for communication. There are three
great precision. If you want to rotate and
different devices: (1) ZigBee coordinator
object at some specific angles or distance,
node, (2) The full function devices FFD, (3)
then you use servo motor. It is just made
The reduced function device RFD. ZigBee
up of simple motor which run through
provides the ability to run for years on
servo mechanism. Servo Motor is a rotary
inexpensive batteries for a host of
actuator or linear actuator that allows for
monitoring and control applications. The
precise control of angular or linear position,
ZigBee network layer ensures that
velocity and acceleration. Servos are
networks remain operable in the conditions
controlled by sending an electrical pulse of
of a constantly changing quality between
variable width, or pulse width modulation
communication nodes
[PWM] through the control wire.

Servo motors have three wires: power,

ground, and signal. If motor is used is DC
powered then it is called DC servo motor,
and if it is AC powered motor then it is
called AC servo motor. The position of
servo motor is decided by electrical pulse
and its circuitry is placed beside the motor.

Fig.6 Zigbee

SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM

Fig.5 Servo motor

D) ZIGBEE

ZigBee is a new wireless technology

guided by IEEE 802.15.4. It is currently

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 ISSN: 2366-1313
MATLAB terminal at 9600 baud rate. This
distance display on MATLAB through
graphical geo

IV. RESULTS

Fig.8 Initial Arduino IDE

Fig.7 System flow diagram

First, we set the baud rate 9600 to

communicate with the MATLAB. Here we
Fig.9 Arduino IDE after Uploading the
are mounting ultrasonic module on the
code
servo motor which rotate 180° from
clockwise to anti-clockwise direction for
this we set. PWM for servo motor. After
than choosing the timer we are sending
10μS pulse width on ultrasonic TX pin.
Now RX echo pulse width calculates by
Arduino Uno microcontroller. After than
the real time distance passing for

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 ISSN: 2366-1313
Fig.12 Initial GUI when Processing Code
is Executed

Fig.10 Initial Processing IDE

Fig.13 GUI When no object was detected

Fig.11 Processing IDE after uploading of

Processing Code

Fig.14 GUI when object is detected

V. CONCLUSION

We have represented a project on

Ultrasonic RADAR for security system for
human or object interference in a short
range. The system has been successfully

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 ISSN: 2366-1313
implemented and the aim is achieved 11. Ultrasonic_Radar_poster.ppt_%281%2
without any deviation. There is a lot of 9.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
future scope of this project because of its
security capacity. It can be used in many
applications. This project can also be
developed or modified according to the
rising needs and demand.

REFERENCES

1. https://www.slideshare.net/VikashKum
ar1509/radar
system123116556?from_action=save
2. https://www.slideshare.net/vishnuchilu
ka/ultrasonic-radar-mini-project
3. https://www.slideshare.net/sarveshkus
hwaha503/minor-project-report-on-
shortrange- personal-radar
4. https://www.slideshare.net/asdigarg/ar
duino-radar-system-239642217
5. https://www.electronicshub.org/arduin
o-radar-project/
6. https://robu.in/arduino-radar-project-
ultrasonic-based-radar-connection-
andcode/
7. https://slideplayer.com/slide/13736721
/
8. https://howtomechatronics.com/project
s/arduino-radar-project/
9. https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD18
04002.pdf
10. https://scholarworks.bridgeport.edu/xm
lui/bitstream/handle/123456789/2226/
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