Republican and Imperial Rome
Republican and Imperial Rome
The Etruscans
Rose around 800BCE and had a huge influence upon
Roman civilization
By 600 BCE, Rome in Latium came under Etruscan control
ROYAL ROME/Government
Roman kings had the power of imperium. or the right to
30 groups
ROYAL ROME/Family
Center of Roman life was the family
Fathers could sell their children into slavery (but not his
wife)
Wife can only be divorced under serious offenses
Roman womens main responsibility was managing the
household
ROYAL ROME/Clientage
Was an institution where a person was in the fides or
birth
Patrician= upper class member; could conduct state
religious ceremonies, sit in Senate, hold office, did not marry outside group
Plebeians= lower class; small farmers, laborers, artisans
The Republic
In 509 BCE, royal families revolted and created the
Republic
CONSULS-Two patricians were elected to the office of
religious duties
plebeian, plebeians now had power!! The nobiles (wealthy plebeians) now dominated the Senate
Conquest
Beginning of 4th century, Romans were the main power in
Italy
Romes neighbors, the Latin League, tried to stop Romes
full citizenship
power
Carthage were the big boys in the Mediterranean
War is inevitable
Spain
Hannibal tried to gain influence of Roman tribes in Spain,
war begins
Hannibal invades Italy and actually defeats the Romans in
three battles
With the help of Philip V of Macedon, he had free reign in
Italy
command in Spain
Hannibals supply line is cut off
Africa
Scipio wins, peace terms agreed to, Rome reasserts its
power
borders
Rome made Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica provinces
Seleucid Antiochus
Romans ordered Philip not to attack any Greek cities, he
refused
In 197 BCE, with Greek support, Romans defeat Philip in
Thessaly
rally support for revolt, but was crushed by Roman forces in 168BCE.divides Macedon in 4 quadrants
The West
Some Romans refused to abandon their hatred for
Carthage
In 146 BCE, Scipio Aemilianus took the city and Rome
Greek intellectuals
Religion: Began to incorporate Greek mythology into their
own
In 300 BCE, Romans even began to see influences from the
east such as worship of Great Mother Goddesses and interest in Babylonian Astrology
Education
Education was the responsibility of the Roman family
Boys education was aimed on making them moral, pious,
Education (cont.)
Schools were established, many Romans expected to be
own home
Gracchi
Expressed strains on society Tiberius Gracchus (168133 B.C.E.)
Elected tribune on program of land reform Tiberius and 300 followers killed Transformation of Roman politics
populares and equestrians
Gracchi (contd)
Gaius Gracchus (159121 B.C.E.)
New colonies for landless veterans Stabilizing price of grain Gaius and 3000 followers killed
Gracchi (contd)
Gaius Gracchus (159121 B.C.E.)
New colonies for landless veterans Stabilizing price of grain Gaius and 3000 followers killed
Law
Jus gentium law of peoples Jus naturale natural law Ciceros De Legibus
Age of Augustus
Golden Age
New spirit of the age Patronage of Augustus