Scribd
Upload
293 views27 pages

Factor Ization

The document discusses factorizing algebraic expressions. It defines factors of algebraic terms and provides examples of listing all factors. It also covers determining common factors, highest common factors (HCF), factorizing using common factors, difference of squares, perfect squares, and grouping terms. Examples are provided for factorizing expressions using these various methods. The document also discusses factorizing algebraic fractions by canceling common factors in the numerator and denominator.

Uploaded by

dianag74
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
293 views27 pages

Factor Ization

The document discusses factorizing algebraic expressions. It defines factors of algebraic terms and provides examples of listing all factors. It also covers determining common factors, highest common factors (HCF), factorizing using common factors, difference of squares, perfect squares, and grouping terms. Examples are provided for factorizing expressions using these various methods. The document also discusses factorizing algebraic fractions by canceling common factors in the numerator and denominator.

Uploaded by

dianag74
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

FACTORIZATION

Factors Of Algebraic Terms


Any divisor of an algebraic term is a factor of the term. To easily identify an algebraic term, expand it as a product of two different terms. Example: 10p = 1 x 10p = 2 x 5p = 5 x 2p = 10 x p Factors of 10p = 1, 2, 5, 10, p, 2p, 5p and 10p

Example: State the factors of each of the following algebraic terms. a) 3pq = 1 x 3pq = 3 x pq = p x 3q = q x 3p Factors of 3pq = 1, 3, p, q, 3p, 3q, pq, 3pq

b) 7mn = 1 x 7mn = 7 x mn = m x 7n = n x 7m Factors of 7mn = 1, 7, m, n, 7m, 7n, mn, 7mn

c) 5x 2 = 1 x 5x 2 =5xx = x x 5x 2 Factors of 5x 2 2 = 1, 5, x, 5x, x , 5x

Common Factors and HCF


To determine the common factors of two or more algebraic terms: a) list all the factors of the algebraic terms b) choose the common factors Example: 6y, 9y Factors of 6y = 1, 2, 3, 6, y, 2y, 3y, 6y Factors of 9y = 1, 3, 9, y, 3y, 9y Common factors = 1, 3, y, 3y HCF = 3y

Example: Find the common factors of each of the following. a) 3pq, 9qr Factors of 3pq = 1, 3, p, q, 3p, 3q, pq, 3pq Factors of 9qr = 1, 3, 9, q, r, 3q, 3r, 9q, 9r, qr, 3qr, 9qr Common factors = 1, 3, q and 3q HCF = 3q

b) 2mn, 6nt Factors of 2mn = 1, 2, m, n, 2m, 2n, mn, 2mn Factors of 6nt = 1, 2, 3, 6, n, t, 2n, 2t, 3n, 3t, 6n, 6t, nt, 2nt, 3nt, 6nt Common factors = 1, 2, n, 2n HCF = 2n

c) 10ef, 15f g Factors of 10ef = 1, 2, 5, 10, e, f, 2e, 2f, 5e, 5f, 10e, 10f, ef, 2ef, 3ef, 5ef, 10ef
Factors of 15f2g = 1, 3, 5, 15, f, g, f2, fg, 3f, 5f, 15f, 3g, 5g, 15g, 3fg, 5fg, 15fg, 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3f , 5f , 15f , f g, 3f g, 5f g, 15f g Common factors = 1, 5, f and 5f HCF = 5f

d) 6k, 12k Factors of 6k = 1, 2, 3, 6, k, 2k, 3k, 6k Factors of 12k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, k, 2k, 3k, 4k, 6k, 12k Common factors = 1, 2, 3, 6, k, 2k, 3k, 6k HCF = 6k

Factorizing Algebraic Expressions


Factorization is a process of finding the factors of a term or algebraic expressions. For instance, ab + ac = a ( b + c)

Factorization is the opposite operation to expansion.


Expansion

a (b + c ) = ab + ac
Factorization

Factorization can be performed using (a) common factors (b) difference of two squares (c) perfect squares (d) group the term

Example 1: Factorise each of the following. 4. 6mn + 12mu 5mt 1. xy + xz = x(y + z) = 3m(2n + 4u 5t) 2. 6p 18q = 6(p 3q) 3. 8e 12ef = 4e(2 3f)

5.

km n k mn
2

2 2

= kmn (m k) 6. x y xy z xyz
2 2 2 2

= xy(x yz z )

* Check your answer by expansion.

Difference between two squares


a b = (a + b) (a b)
2 2

Example: 2 (a) x 16 2 2 =x 4 = (x + 4) (x 4)
(b) 4k 1 2 2 = (2k) 1 2 = (2k 1) = (2k + 1) (2k 1)
2

Example: Factorise each of the following. 2 1. x 25 2 2 =x 5 = (x + 5) (x 5) 2. 9y 1 2 2 = (3y) 1 = (3y + 1) (3y 1) 3. 25m 4n 2 2 = (5m) (2n) = (5m + 2n) (5m 2n)
2 2 2

4. 3e 12f 2 2 = 3(e 4f ) 2 = 3(e 2f) = 3(e 2f) (e + 2f)

6. (p 5) 9
= (p 5) (p 5) 9

=p 10p + 25 9
= p 10p + 16
2

5. (a + 3) 4 = (a + 3) (a + 3) 4 2 = a + 6a + 9 4 2 = a + 6a + 5 = (a + 5) (a + 1)

= (p 8) (p 2)

Perfect Squares
a + 2ab + b = (a + b) or 2 2 2 a 2ab + b = (a b)
Example: 2 (a) x + 6x + 9 2 2 = x + 2x(3) + 3 2 = (x + 3)
2 2 2

a=1 b=3

(b) x 8x + 16 2 2 = x + 2x(4) + 4 2 = (x 4)

a=1 b=4

Example: Factorise each of the following. 2 1. m + 6m + 9 2 2 = m + 2m(3) +3 2 = (m + 3) 2. 4x 12xy + 9y 2 2 = (2x) 2(2x)(3y) + (3y) 2 = (2x 3y)
2 2

3. 25a 20a + 4 2 2 = (5a) 2(5a)(2) + 2 2 = (5a 2)

4. 9r 30rt + 25t 2 2 = (3r) + 2(3r)(5t) +5t 2 = (3r 5t) 5. 3a + 6ab + 3b 2 2 = 3(a + 2ab + b ) 2 = 3(a + b) 6. 36u + 120uw + 100w 2 2 = 4(9u + 30uw + 25w ) 2 2 = 4(3u) 2(3u)(5w) + (5w) 2 = 5(3u + 5w)
2 2 2 2

Group the terms such that the new terms have a common term Example: (a) xa + xb + ya +yb = x(a +b) + y (a+b) = (a + b) (x +y) (b) ac 2ad + 3bc 6bd = a(c 2d) + 3b(c 2d) = (c 2d) (a + 3b)

Example: Factorise each of the following. 1. cd + ce + df + ef = c(d + e) + f(d + e) = (d + e) (c + f) 2. px py + qx qy = p(x y) + q(x y) = (x y) (p + q) 3. 3ac + ad + 6bc + 2bd = a(3c + d) + 2b(3c + d) = (3c + d) (a + 2b)

4. x + xy + 5x + 5y = x(x + y) + 5(x + y) = (x + y) (x + 5) 2 5. 6ab + 6b a b = 6b(a + b) 1(a + b) = (a + b) (6b 1) 6. 6ef + 2en 12mf 4mn = 2e(3f + n) 4m(3f + n) = (3f + n) (2e 4m) = 2(3f + n) (e 2m)

Factorizing Algebraic Fractions


A fraction is called an algebraic fraction if the numerator or the denominator or both are algebraic expressions. Example:

5x 16 2p 6 2x 2 y , , , 2 y 7q 7x 2 y

If both the numerator and denominator have common factors, the algebraic fraction can be simplified by cancellation. Example:
1

2x(x - y) x-y = 2 4xy 2y

Example:
Simplify each of the following. 1. 12pqr 6pq
12 x p x q x r = 6xpxq

2.

12p 2qr 4pq 2


12 x p x p x q x r = 4xpxqxq
3pr = q

= 2r

3.

mn - nt m2 t2

4.

(x + y) 2 x2 - y2

n(m - t) = (m - t) (m + t) n = m+t

(x + y) (x + y) = (x - y) (x + y) x+y = x-y

5.

12p 2 - 27 4p - 6

6.

3(4p 2 - 9) = 2(2p - 3)
3[(2p) 2 - 32] = 2(2p - 3)

16p 2q - 20p q 2r 8pq

4pq(4p - 5qr) = 8pq


4p - 5qr = 2

3(2p - 3)(2p + 3) = 2(2p - 3)


3(2p + 3) 6p + 9 = = 2 2

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy